Here are WAEC-style Chemistry theory questions and answers covering the specific topics
you requested:
1. Oxides
Q1. Classify the following oxides as acidic, basic, amphoteric, or neutral:
(a) CO₂ (b) Na₂O (c) ZnO (d) CO
Answer:
(a) CO₂ – Acidic oxide
(b) Na₂O – Basic oxide
(c) ZnO – Amphoteric oxide
(d) CO – Neutral oxide
2. Acids and Bases
Q2. (a) Define an acid and a base according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory.
(b) Write the equation for the ionization of H₂SO₄ in water.
Answer:
(a) Acid: A proton (H⁺) donor.
Base: A proton (H⁺) acceptor.
(b)
H2SO4→2H++SO42−\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow 2\text{H}^+ + \text{SO}_4^{2-}
3. Reacting Masses
Q3. Calculate the mass of magnesium required to produce 4.48 dm³ of hydrogen gas at STP.
Mg+2HCl→MgCl2+H2(Molar mass of Mg = 24 g/mol; 1 mole of gas at STP = 22.4 dm³)\
text{Mg} + 2\text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{MgCl}_2 + \text{H}_2 \quad \text{(Molar mass of
Mg = 24 g/mol; 1 mole of gas at STP = 22.4 dm³)}
Answer:
Moles of H₂ = 4.4822.4=0.2\frac{4.48}{22.4} = 0.2 mol
∴ 0.2 mol Mg required → Mass = 0.2 × 24 = 4.8 g
From equation, 1 mol Mg → 1 mol H₂
4. Coulomb’s Law (Electrostatics)
Q4. Two charges of +2 µC and –3 µC are placed 0.05 m apart in air. Calculate the force between
them.
F=kq1q2r2,k=9×109 Nm2/C2F = \frac{kq_1q_2}{r^2}, \quad k = 9 \times 10^9 \, \text{Nm}^2/\
text{C}^2
Answer:
F=9×109×2×10−6×3×10−6(0.05)2=54×10−30.0025=21.6 N (attractive)F = \frac{9 \times 10^9 \
times 2 \times 10^{-6} \times 3 \times 10^{-6}}{(0.05)^2} = \frac{54 \times 10^{-3}}{0.0025}
= 21.6 \, \text{N (attractive)}
5. Electricity in Chemistry
Q5. (a) Define a conductor and an electrolyte.
(b) Give one example of each.
Answer:
(a) A conductor allows the flow of electrons; an electrolyte conducts electricity via ion
movement.
(b) Conductor: Copper
Electrolyte: NaCl solution
6. Electrolysis
Q6. Describe what happens during the electrolysis of acidified water using platinum electrodes.
Include the reactions at both electrodes.
Answer:
Anode (oxidation):
2H2O→O2+4H++4e−2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow O_2 + 4H^+ + 4e^-
Cathode (reduction):
2H++2e−→H22H^+ + 2e^- \rightarrow H_2
Hydrogen gas evolves at the cathode; oxygen at the anode.
7. Enthalpy
Q7. Define enthalpy change and state whether the combustion of methane is exothermic or
endothermic.
CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2O ΔH=−890 kJ/mol\text{CH}_4 + 2O_2 \rightarrow CO_2 +
2H_2O \,\,\, \Delta H = -890 \, \text{kJ/mol}
Answer:
Enthalpy change (ΔH) is the heat absorbed or released during a chemical reaction at constant
pressure.
Since ΔH is negative, the reaction is exothermic.
8. Neutralization
Q8. (a) What is a neutralization reaction?
(b) Write the ionic equation for the reaction between HCl and NaOH.
Answer:
(a) A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water.
(b)
H++OH−→H2O\text{H}^+ + \text{OH}^- \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{O}
9. Bohr’s Atomic Theory
Q9. State two postulates of Bohr’s atomic theory.
Answer:
Electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed energy levels (orbits).
Energy is absorbed or emitted when electrons move between energy levels.
10. Periodicity
Q10. Explain the trend in atomic size across a period and down a group in the periodic table.
Answer:
Across a period: Atomic size decreases due to increasing nuclear charge.
Down a group: Atomic size increases due to the addition of electron shells.
11. Gas Laws
Q11. A gas has a volume of 400 cm³ at 273 K. What will be its volume at 546 K, pressure
constant?
Answer:
Use Charles’ law:
V1T1=V2T2⇒V2=400×546273=800 cm3\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2} \Rightarrow
V_2 = \frac{400 × 546}{273} = 800 \, \text{cm}^3
12. Test for Gases
Q12. State the chemical test for:
(a) Hydrogen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Oxygen
(d) Ammonia
Answer:
(a) Hydrogen – Pops with a glowing splint.
(b) CO₂ – Turns limewater milky.
(c) Oxygen – Rekindles a glowing splint.
(d) Ammonia – Turns moist red litmus paper blue.
13. Solvents
Q13. (a) What is a solvent?
(b) Give one example of a polar and a non-polar solvent.
(c) State one factor that affects solubility.
Answer:
(a) A solvent is a substance that dissolves another (solute) to form a solution.
(b)
Polar: Water
Non-polar: Benzene
(c) Temperature affects solubility.
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