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Digital Image Transforms

The document discusses the importance of image transforms in image processing, focusing on spatial frequency and intensity profiles. It introduces the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its faster counterpart, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which are essential for analyzing digitized images. Additionally, it highlights factors affecting image quality, such as contrast, brightness, spatial resolution, and noise.

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38 views127 pages

Digital Image Transforms

The document discusses the importance of image transforms in image processing, focusing on spatial frequency and intensity profiles. It introduces the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and its faster counterpart, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), which are essential for analyzing digitized images. Additionally, it highlights factors affecting image quality, such as contrast, brightness, spatial resolution, and noise.

Uploaded by

12212125
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Digital Image Transforms

Dr. Pratishtha Verma


Department of Computer Engineering
NIT Kurukshetra
Need for Image Transforms
Spatial Frequency
Images and their intensity profiles

(a) Image that has one sinusoidal signal


cycle

(b) Image that has multiple sinusoidal


signal cycles

(c) Image that has a non-sinusoidal signal


These intensity profiles are very useful in image processing. The intensity profile is a
collection of either sinusoidal signals such as sine, cosine, and harmonic signals, or
non-sinusoidal waves.
Types of Image
Transforms
Basis of Transforms
Introduction to
Fourier
Transform
Discrete Fourier Transform

Images are digitized, it is necessary to


have a discrete formulation of the Fourier
transform. This is achieved by the discrete
Fourier transform (DFT), which takes
regularly spaced data values, and returns
the value of the Fourier transform by
replacing the integral by a summation.
Fast Fourier Transform
The 2D DFT can be calculated by applying the 1D DFT for each column of f(x,y),
and then performing a 1D DFT for each row on the resulting complex data.
However, the DFT algorithm is computationally intensive. Hence, a faster version,
the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), is used.
Image Enhancement
Discussion of image enhancement starts with the concept
of image quality. Many factors are responsible for image
quality:

1. Contrast
2. Brightness
3. Spatial resolution
4. Noise
Here is Fig. 5.5(b), a histogram depicting the frequency distribution of grey levels based on the data from the sample image. Let me
know if you need any further visualizations or modifications

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