BANGABANDHU SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN
AVIATION AND AEROSPACE UNIVERSITY
Laboratory Name: Digital Electronics Lab
Experiment No:08
Experiment Name: Study and design a single stage small signal amplifier circuit
by using Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
Objective:
1. Understanding How to design Single Stage Amplifier
2. Understanding the Calculation process of amplifier gain
Apparatus:
• Oscilloscope
• Function Generator
• DC power supply
• Resistors 22k, 3.3k, 1.5k, 330 ohm
• Capacitors 10uF, 0.1uF
• BC547 Transistor
Theory:
Transistor amplifiers amplify an AC input signals that alternates between some positive value
and a corresponding negative value. Then some way of “presetting” a common emitter amplifier
circuit configuration is required so that the transistor can operate between these two maximum or
peak values. This can be achieved using a process known as Biasing.
Biasing is very important in amplifier design as it establishes the correct operating point of the
transistor amplifier ready to receive signals, thereby reducing any distortion to the output signal.
Also, the use of a static or DC load line drawn onto the output characteristics curves of an
amplifier allows us to see all the possible operating points of the transistor from fully “ON” to
fully “OFF”, and to which the quiescent operating point or Q-point of the amplifier can be found.
The aim of any small signal amplifier is to amplify all of the input signal with the minimum
amount of distortion possible to the output signal, in other words, the output signal must be an
exact reproduction of the input signal but only bigger (amplified).
To obtain low distortion when used as an amplifier the operating quiescent point needs to be
correctly selected. This is in fact the DC operating point of the amplifier and its position may be
established at any point along the load line by a suitable biasing arrangement.
The best possible position for this Q-point is as close to the center position of the load line as
reasonably possible, thereby producing a Class A type amplifier operation, ie. Vce = 1/2Vcc.
Consider the Common Emitter Amplifier circuit shown below.
The voltage gain of an amplifier is given as –
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑉0)
AV =
𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 (𝑉𝑖)
Circuit Diagram:
Procedure:
• Identify the terminals of the transistor BC547
• Connect the circuit as the Diagram
• Set The Frequency 1KHz and Amplitude 0.5Vpp and DC Volt around 12 to 15
Volts.
• Connect Channel 1 with Ac source and Connect Channel 2 with C2 to get Output
Signal. (Positive node in C2 and Negative node in ground)
• Measure the Amplitude of input and output in oscilloscope.
• Calculate Voltage gain and note in Table.
• Find out Q-point and note in Table.
• Note down the reading in Table and plot a graph between gain and frequency.
Table 1:
S/N Frequency(Hz) Amplitude(input) Amplitude(output) Voltage Gain
Table 2:
S/N Input Frequency(Hz) Amplitude(input) Amplitude Voltage Output Wave
DC (output) Gain Shape
Voltage
5V 1 kHz
8V 1 kHz
10V 1 kHz 0.50 V(pp)
15V 1 kHz
20V 1 kHz
Graph:
1. Draw the Output Wave Shape in Graph Paper
