2 marks
1. Write the use of lambda function in Python.
Ans: Use of lambda function:
A lambda function is a small anonymous function used to perform a simple operation in a single
line. It is commonly used for short, throwaway functions, especially with functions like map(),
filter(), and sorted().
Syntax:
lambda arguments: expression
Example:
add = lambda x, y: x + y
print(add(5, 3)) # Output: 8
2. Define Data Hiding concept. Write two advantages of Data Hiding.
Ans: Data Hiding is an OOP concept where data members of a class are declared as private to
prevent direct access. It is achieved using a double underscore __ before the attribute name.
Advantages of Data Hiding:
1. Protects sensitive data from unauthorized access.
2. Increases the security of the application.
3. Makes the code easier to maintain and update.
3. Write the syntax of fopen.
ans: In Python, file handling is done using open() instead of fopen().
Syntax:
file = open("filename", "mode")
Example:
file = open("[Link]", "r") # Opens a file in read mode
[Link]()
4.Explain any four Python built-in functions with examples.
Ans:len()
Returns length of an object.
len("Hello") → 5
max()
Returns the largest item.
max([2, 3, 8, 5]) → 8
sorted()
Returns sorted list.
sorted([3, 1, 4, 2]) → [1, 2, 3, 4]
type()
Returns type of an object.
type(10) → <class 'int'>
MORE functions:
print() – Show output
EX: print("Hello, Nishi!")
input() – Take user input
EX: name = input("Enter your name: ")
print("Hello", name)
abs() – Get absolute value (remove minus sign)
EX: print(abs(-10)) # 10
5.Illustrate with an example Method Overloading.
Method Overloading allows multiple methods with the same name
but different numbers of [Link] does not support true
method overloading but can simulate it using default arguments.
class Example:
def show(self, a=None, b=None):
if a is not None and b is not None:
print(f"Sum: {a + b}")
elif a is not None:
print(f"Single argument: {a}")
else:
print("No arguments")
obj = Example()
[Link](5, 3) # Output: Sum: 8
[Link](5) # Output: Single argument: 5
[Link]() # Output: No arguments
6. Write a Python program to check for zero division error exceptions.
try:
a = int(input("Enter numerator: "))
b = int(input("Enter denominator: "))
result = a / b
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Error: Division by zero is not allowed.")
else:
print("Result:", result)
Output:
Enter numerator: 1
Enter denominator: 0
Error: Division by zero is not allowed.
7.Write the use of matplotlib package in Python.
Ans: matplotlib is a popular Python library used to create
visualizations like graphs, charts, and plots.
Uses of matplotlib in Python:
1. Plotting line graphs
2. Creating bar charts
3. Drawing pie charts
4. Displaying histograms
5. Customizing graph appearance
8.List different object-oriented features supported by
Python.
ans: Object-oriented features supported by Python:
1. Encapsulation
2. Inheritance
3. Polymorphism
4. Abstraction
5. Classes and Objects
9. List different modes of opening a file in Python.
Ans: Different modes of opening a file in Python:
1.'r' – Read mode
2.'w' – Write mode
3.'a' – Append mode
4.'r+' – Read and write mode
5.'b' – Binary mode (used with other modes like 'rb', 'wb')
10. Explain module. How to define a module?
A module is a Python file (.py) that contains functions,
classes, or variables you can reuse in other [Link] helps
keep your code organized, clean, and reusable.
Defining of module:
Just create a new .py file and write some functions, classes, or
variables in it.
# [Link]
def hello(name):
print("Hello", name)
Then you can import and use it like this:
import greetings
[Link]("Nishi") # Output: Hello Nishi
11. Design a class Student with data members Name, Roll No.
Create suitable methods to read and print student details.
class Student:
def __init__(self):
[Link] = ""
self.roll_no = 0
def read_details(self):
[Link] = input("Enter name: ")
self.roll_no = int(input("Enter roll no: "))
def print_details(self):
print("Name:", [Link])
print("Roll No:", self.roll_no)
# Example usage
s = Student()
s.read_details()
s.print_details()
o/p:
nishi@Nishis-Laptop Downloads % python3 [Link]
Enter name: n
Enter roll no: 32
Name: n
Roll No: 32
12. Explain try-except-else-finally block used in exception
handling in Python with example.
try: Code that may cause an exception.
except: Code to handle exception.
else: Code that runs if no exception occurs.
finally: Code that runs no matter what.
Example:
try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
result = 10 / num
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")
else:
print("Result is:", result)
finally:
print("Program ended.")
o/p
Enter a number: 0
Cannot divide by zero!
Program ended.
13. Write purpose of self keyword in method.
● Ans: Purpose of self keyword in a method:
The self keyword refers to the current object of the class.
● It is used to access variables and methods of the same
object.
● It must be the first parameter in instance methods.
14. Write the use of super()
Ans: super() is used to call the parent class's methods or
[Link] helps in code reuse and avoiding repetition when
using inheritance.
class Person:
def __init__(self, name):
[Link] = name
class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, name, roll):
super().__init__(name)
[Link] = roll
15. Write use of __init__() method in Python
__init__() is the constructor method in [Link] is
automatically called when an object is [Link] to
initialize attributes of the object.
class Student:
def __init__(self, name, roll):
[Link] = name
[Link] = roll
16. List any four methods of the os module.
Ans: methods of the os module:
1. `[Link]()` – Returns the current working directory
2. `[Link]()` – Creates a new directory
3. `[Link]()` – Deletes a file
4. `[Link]()` – Renames a file or directory
5. `[Link]()` – Lists all files and directories in a given
path
17. List two functions to write data in a file
write() – Writes a string to the file
writelines() – Writes a list of strings to the file
Example:
f = open("[Link]", "w")
[Link]("Hello Nishi!\n")
[Link](["Line1\n", "Line2\n"])
[Link]()
