EELE344 POWER ELECTRONICS
EELE344
POWER ELECTRONICS
POWER COMPUTATIONS
Tutorial I
Res. Asst. Adrien Mwape Tondo
POWER COMPUTATIONS
Most used power and Converter Equations
POWER COMPUTATIONS
1. The voltage and current for a device (using the passive sign convention) are periodic
functions with T = 100 ms described by
10𝑉 0 < 𝑡 < 70 𝑚𝑠
𝑣 𝑡 =ቊ
0 70 𝑚𝑠 < 𝑡 < 100 𝑚𝑠
0 0 < 𝑡 < 50 𝑚𝑠
𝑖 𝑡 =ቊ
4𝐴 50 𝑚𝑠 < 𝑡 < 100 𝑚𝑠
Determine :
a) The instantaneous power,
b) The average power, and
c) The energy absorbed by the device in each period.
d) Determine the rms values of the voltage and current waveforms
POWER COMPUTATIONS
v(t) a) 0 0 < 𝑡 < 50 𝑚𝑠
𝑝 𝑡 = ቐ 40 50 𝑚𝑠 < 𝑡 < 70 𝑚𝑠
10 V 0 70 𝑚𝑠 < 𝑡 < 100 𝑚𝑠
0 t b) 1 𝑇
70 ms 100 ms 𝑃 = න 𝑣 𝑡 𝑖 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
i(t) 𝑇 0
0 70 100
1
= න 0 𝑑𝑡 + න 40 𝑑𝑡 + න 0𝑑𝑡
4A 100 𝑚𝑠 50 50 70
𝐏 =𝟖𝐖
50 ms 70 ms
t
100 ms 𝑇
p(t)
40 w c) 𝑊 = න 𝑝 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 d)
0
70
= න 40 𝑑𝑡
50
t
50 ms 70 ms 100 ms
𝑾 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝑱
POWER COMPUTATIONS
2. A current of 5 sin (2π60t) A enters an element. Sketch the instantaneous power
and determine the average power absorbed by the load element when the element is
a) a 5 Ω resistor,
b) a 10 mH inductor, and
c) a 12 V source (current into the positive terminal).
POWER COMPUTATIONS
a) a 5 Ω resistor • Using MATLAB
• 𝑉𝑟 𝑡 = 𝑖 𝑡 𝑅 % instantaneous power
% p(t) = 125sin(2π60t)
= 5 × 5 sin 377t V % Define parameters
A = 125; % Amplitude
T = 1 / f; % Period
𝑽𝒓 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟕𝟕𝒕 𝑽 f = 60; % Frequency in Hz
t = 0:1e-4:2*T; % Time vector (two periods with
fine resolution)
• 𝑝 𝑡 =𝑣 𝑡 𝑖 𝑡 % Define the sinusoidal function
y = A * sin(2 * pi * f * t);
% Plot the wave
= (25 sin 377𝑡)(5 sin 377𝑡) figure;
plot(t, y, 'b', 'LineWidth', 1.5);
grid on;
= 125 sin2 (377𝑡) xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude (A)');
title('instantaneous Power wave: 125 sin(2\pi 60t)');
1 − cos 2𝜃 ylim([-130 130]); % Set y-axis limits
𝑜𝑟 sin2 𝜃
= xlim([0 2*T]); % Show two periods
2 hold on;
1 − cos 4π60𝑡
𝑝 𝑡 = 125
2
𝒑 𝒕 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟒𝝅𝟔𝟎𝒕) 1 𝑇
• 𝑝 𝑡 = න 𝑃 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓 𝑾
𝑇 0
POWER COMPUTATIONS
b) a 10 mH inductor c) a 12 V source
• •
•
POWER COMPUTATIONS
3. A current source of i(t) = 2 + 6 sin(2π60t) A is connected to a load that is a series
combination of a resistor, an inductor, and a dc voltage source (current into the
positive terminal). If R = 4 Ω , L = 15 mH, and Vdc = 6 V, determine the average
power absorbed by each element.
POWER COMPUTATIONS
For the Resistor For the Inductor :
𝑃𝐿 = 0
For the DC source :
𝑃𝑑𝑐 = 𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑉𝑑𝑐
=2× 6
𝑃𝑑𝑐 = 12 W
POWER COMPUTATIONS
4. The voltage and current for a circuit element are
v(t) =2 + 5cos(2π60t) - 3cos(4π60t + 45°) V and
i(t) = 1.5 + 2cos(2π60t + 20°) + 1.1cos(4π60t - 20°) A.
a) Determine the rms values of voltage and current.
b) Determine the power absorbed by the element.
POWER COMPUTATIONS
a) Determine the rms values of b) Determine the power absorbed by the
voltage and current. element.
Noted that is
POWER COMPUTATIONS
5. A current source i(t) = 3 + 4 cos(2π60t) + 6 cos(4π60t) A is connected to a parallel
RC load with R =100 Ω and C = 50 µF.
Determine the average power absorbed by the load.
POWER COMPUTATIONS
1
Note that for a circuit with resistance and inductance or ➢ 𝑤2 = 4π60, 𝑌2 = + 𝑗𝑤𝑐
capacitance: 𝑅
In series: 𝐙 = 𝑹 + 𝒋𝒘𝒄
𝟏
In Parallel: 𝒀𝟏 = 𝑹 + 𝒋𝒘𝒄
𝑌2 = 0.01 + 𝑗(4π60)(0.00005) 𝒀𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 + 𝒋𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟕
dc: 𝑉0 = 𝐼𝑑𝑐 𝑅 = 3 100
𝐼2 6<0
𝑽𝟎 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝑽 𝑉2 = = 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑 < - 75.1° V
𝑌2 0.01 + 𝑗0.0377
1
➢ 𝑤1 = 2π60, 𝑌1 = + 𝑗𝑤𝑐
𝑅
𝑌1 = 0.01 + 𝑗(2π60)(0.00005)
𝒀𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 + 𝒋𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝟖 (187)(4) (153)(6)
𝑃 = (300)(3) + cos 62.1° + cos 75.1°
2 2
𝐼1 4<0
𝑉1 = =
𝑌1 0.01 + 𝑗0.0188
𝑃 = 900 + 175 + 118
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖𝟕. 𝟏 < - 62.12° V 𝑷 = 𝟏𝟏𝟗𝟑 𝑾
POWER COMPUTATIONS
6. In Fig.1 below , R = 4 Ω, L = 10 mH, Vdc = 12 V, and
vs (t) = 50 + 30 cos(4π60t) + 10 cos(8π60t) V.
Determine the power absorbed by each component.
Figure 1
POWER COMPUTATIONS
DC Source: 2 𝑅
𝑃 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑃𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝐼02 + 𝐼1,𝑟𝑚𝑠 , 𝐼0 = 9.5𝐴
2 2
where 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = + 𝐼2,𝑟𝑚𝑠
The DC component of 𝑣𝑠 𝑡 is 50V. The amplitudes of the ac current terms are computed from phasor
The circuit has two DC sources: 50V (from 𝑣𝑠 𝑡 ) and analysis:
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 12 𝑉, opposing each other
𝑉1 30
𝐼1 = 𝐼1 =
𝑅 + 𝑗𝑤1 𝐿 4 + 𝑗(4π60)(0.01)
The net DC Voltage across the RL branch is:
𝑉𝑑𝑐,𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑉𝑑𝑐,𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 − 𝑉𝑑𝑐,𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑅𝐿 𝑰𝟏 = 𝟑. 𝟓𝟏 𝑨
𝑉2 10
𝐼2 = 𝐼2 =
𝑉𝑑𝑐,𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 50 − 12 𝑽𝒅𝒄,𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟑𝟖𝐕 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑤2 𝐿 4 + 𝑗(8π60)(0.01)
𝑉𝑑𝑐,𝑛𝑒𝑡 38
𝑰𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒𝟏 𝑨
𝐼𝑑𝑐 = = 𝑰𝒅𝒄 = 𝑰𝒂𝒗𝒈 = 𝟗. 𝟓𝑨
𝑅 4
2 2
2
3.51 0.641
𝑃𝑑𝑐 = 𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 12 9.5 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 9.5 + + 𝑰𝒓𝒎𝒔 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝟑 𝑨
2 2
𝑷𝒅𝒄 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒𝑾
2 𝑅 = 9.83 2
𝑃 = 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 4 𝑷 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟓𝑾
POWER COMPUTATIONS
7. A nonsinusoidal periodic voltage has a Fourier series of
v(t) = 6 + 5 cos(2𝝅60t) + 3 cos(6𝝅60t).
This voltage is connected to a load that is a 16 Ω resistor in series with a 25 mH
inductor as in Fig. 2.
Determine the power absorbed by the load.
Figure 2
POWER COMPUTATIONS
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝐼02 + 𝐼1,𝑟𝑚𝑠
2 2
+ 𝐼2,𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑰𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓 𝑨.
𝑰𝒓𝒎𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐𝟔 𝑨
𝑉1
𝐼1 =
𝑅 + 𝑗𝑤1 𝐿
𝑰𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟗 𝑨.
𝑷 = 𝟐. 𝟗 𝑾.
𝑉2
𝐼2 =
𝑅 + 𝑗𝑤2 𝐿
𝑰𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟐𝟑 𝑨.
POWER COMPUTATIONS
8. A sinusoidal voltage source of v(t) = 170 cos (2π60t) V is applied to a
nonlinear load, resulting in a nonsinusoidal current that is expressed in
Fourier series form as
v(t) = 6 + 5 cos(2𝝅60t) + 3 cos(6𝝅60t).
i(t) = 10 cos (2π60t + 30°) + 6 cos (4π60t + 45°) + 3 cos (8π60t + 20°) A.
Determine:
a) The power absorbed by the load
b) The power factor of the load
c) The distortion factor
d) The total harmonic distortion of the load current.
POWER COMPUTATIONS
a) The power absorbed by the load
𝐒 = 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝑽𝑨.
c) The distortion factor
𝑷 = 𝟕𝟑𝟔 𝑾.
b) The power factor of the load
𝐃𝐅 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟏.
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝐼02 + 𝐼1,𝑟𝑚𝑠
2 2
+ 𝐼2,𝑟𝑚𝑠 d) The total harmonic distortion of the load current.
𝑰𝒓𝒎𝒔 = 𝟖. 𝟓𝟏 𝑨
𝑻𝑫𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟕 = 𝟔𝟕%
POWER COMPUTATIONS
9. An inductor is energized as in the circuit of Fig. 3. The circuit has L = 100 mH, R
= 20 Ω, VCC = 90 V, t1 = 4 ms, and T = 40 ms. Assuming the transistor and diode are
ideal, determine
a) The peak energy stored in the inductor
b) The energy absorbed by the resistor in each
switching period
c) The average power supplied by the source
d) If the resistor is changed to 40 Ω, what is the
average power supplied by the source?
Figure.3
POWER COMPUTATIONS
a) The peak energy stored in the inductor b) The energy absorbed by the resistor in each
switching period
All of he stored energy is absorbed by R: 𝑾𝑹 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒𝟖 𝑱
c) The average power supplied by the source
4𝑚𝑠
= 900 න 𝑑𝜆 = 900 0.004
0
𝒊𝑳 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝑨
d) If the resistor is changed to 40 Ω, what is
the average power supplied by the source?
No change in power supplied by the source: 16.2 W.
𝑾 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒𝟖 𝑱
