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Topic - Transformations

The document covers various transformations and shapes, including classification of shapes based on sides, angles, and symmetry, as well as methods for translation, rotation, reflection, and enlargement. It explains concepts like rotational symmetry, congruence, and similarity in triangles, along with transformation matrices for reflections and rotations. Additionally, it provides examples and methods for finding images and centers of transformations, as well as combining transformations into a single matrix.

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paul ram
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33 views3 pages

Topic - Transformations

The document covers various transformations and shapes, including classification of shapes based on sides, angles, and symmetry, as well as methods for translation, rotation, reflection, and enlargement. It explains concepts like rotational symmetry, congruence, and similarity in triangles, along with transformation matrices for reflections and rotations. Additionally, it provides examples and methods for finding images and centers of transformations, as well as combining transformations into a single matrix.

Uploaded by

paul ram
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Transformations and Shapes

Shape classification Sides, Angles, Symmetry


Pg 154 – Rotational symmetry
Rotational symmetry = # of times shape can rotate Pg 155 - Triangles / Quadrilaterals
to same position within 360o
Triangles:
Similar = same angles, different size
 Ratio of sides = Scale factor
Congruent = same shape and size,
 AAS – 2 angles and corresponding side - equal
 SAS – 2 sides and included angle - equal
 SSS – all sides - equal
 RHS – Right angle, Hypotenuse and side - equal
Translation Eg 2 pg 271
 Moving a shape without rotating or changing
the size Ex 13A Q1, 10, 11a
 Represented by vector (T), move back is
inverse (T-1)
 ABC Shape + T = A’B’C’ image
 Move each vertice and connect
Rotation Eg 3 pg 273
 Anti-clockwise turn about a centre Ex 13B Q1
 Represented by angle and centre
 +ve angle = anti-clockwise / -ve = clockwise Eg 3 pg 398
Find the image Ex 19C Q1, 2
Manually join points to centre and use protractor

Around the origin:


 90o (x,y) -> (-y,x)
 180o (x,y) -> (-x,-y)
 270o (x,y) -> (y,-x)
Around a point eg (2,-2)
1. Remove point so back to origin
2. Apply the rules above
3. Add back
 Short cut is to manually turn graph 90o and
read coordinates

Find the centre Eg – topic on pg 398


1. Join each point to its image (X to X’) Ex: Eg 4 pg 399
2. Draw perpendicular bisector of XX’
3. Centre = point where the bisector lines meet
4. Angle = XOX’ use protractor to measure

Reflection Eg – topic on pg 396


 In a mirror line where distance of point to
mirror line = image to mirror line Eg 1 pg 397
Find the mirror line: Ex 19B Q1, 4
 Plot object & image vertices
 Join a pair of points
 Construct the perpendicular bi-sector of the
line
Enlargement Eg 4 pg 277 (ray lines: OA’ = 2x OA)
 Change in size either increase or decrease
 Angles and shape remain same Ex 13E Q5 .. repeat same Q for SF = ½
 Described by a Centre & Scale factor
 Image = shape x Scale Factor
o Side length = L x SF for every side
 +ve : movement from Centre to Point
o multiply by SF & plot point starting
from Centre
 Area of enlargement = (SF)2 x Area of object
Eg – topic on pg 278
Negative enlargements: Ex 13F Q4
 Sides are increased by SF but image is flipped
and on opposite side of the centre
 -ve : : movement from Point to Centre
o multiply by SF & plot point starting
from Centre
Glide reflections = reflection + translation Eg 5 pg 400
Transformation matrices

 Convert image coordinates to position vectors Topic 21.3 pg 436


 Create image matrix Ex - Eg 4 pg 437
 (Transformation matrix) x (Image matrix)

Reflection in y-axis Ex - Topic pg 438

How to determine reflection in y-axis:


 Plot 1 >> image is -1
0 0
 Plot 0 >> image is 0
1 1 Ex - Determine matrix transformation for:
 Result is: -1 0  Reflection in x-axis
01  Draw reflected image

How to determine Rotation of 90o Ex - Determine matrix transformation for:


 Plot 1 >> image is 0  Rotation of 270o
0 1
 Plot 0 >> image is -1
1 0
 Result is: 0 -1
1 0

List of all trans matrix – pg 451

General rotation of Ѳ about origin:


 Plot 1 >> image is Cos Ѳ
0 Sin Ѳ
 Plot 0 >> image is -Sin Ѳ
1 Cos Ѳ
 Result is: Cos Ѳ, -Sin Ѳ
Sin Ѳ , Cos Ѳ

Combining transformations into single matrix Topic 21.4 pg 443


Ex 21 L Q4
Ex – Eg 6 pg 445

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