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Long & Short Column Design

The document discusses the design principles for long and short columns, highlighting the differences in their failure modes and design considerations. Long columns are primarily governed by Euler's formula and are susceptible to buckling, while short columns fail due to material strength and may experience combined loads. Engineering codes provide guidelines for ensuring the structural integrity and safety of both column types.

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shuchi masrani
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121 views1 page

Long & Short Column Design

The document discusses the design principles for long and short columns, highlighting the differences in their failure modes and design considerations. Long columns are primarily governed by Euler's formula and are susceptible to buckling, while short columns fail due to material strength and may experience combined loads. Engineering codes provide guidelines for ensuring the structural integrity and safety of both column types.

Uploaded by

shuchi masrani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Long & Short Column Design

long column and short column design

Designing long and short columns involves considerations like load-bearing capacity, buckling, and
stability, but the principles for each type are somewhat different due to their varying lengths and the
resulting stresses they experience.

Long Columns:

1. Euler's Formula: Long columns are susceptible to buckling, which is a critical failure mode.
π 2 EI ,
Euler's formula governs the critical buckling load for long columns and is given by Pcr ​ = (KL)2
​

where Pcr is the critical buckling load, E is the modulus of elasticity, I is the moment of inertia,
​

K is the effective length factor, and L is the actual length of the column.

2. Effective Length Factor K : This factor depends on the end conditions of the column. For
example, if both ends are fixed, K = 0.5; if one end is fixed and the other is free, K = 2.0; if
both ends are free, K = 1.0. These factors influence the critical load.

3. Slenderness Ratio Lr : Long columns have high slenderness ratios, where r is the radius of
​

gyration. A high slenderness ratio indicates a greater tendency to buckle.

4. Material Selection: Materials with high modulus of elasticity (like steel) are preferred for long
columns because they can withstand higher stresses before buckling.

Short Columns:

1. Strength Criteria: Short columns primarily fail due to material strength, not buckling. Therefore,
the design is based on the material's compressive strength rather than buckling considerations.

2. Interaction of Loads: Short columns may experience combined axial and bending loads. The
design must consider the combined effect of these loads on the column's strength.

3. Column Reinforcement: Sometimes short columns are reinforced with additional materials like
steel to enhance their load-bearing capacity, especially when subjected to eccentric loads.

4. End Conditions: While end conditions still matter for short columns, their impact on the
column's stability is less significant compared to long columns.

In practice, engineering codes and standards provide detailed guidelines and equations for designing
both long and short columns to ensure structural integrity and safety. Would you like to dive deeper
into any specific aspect?
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