Development
Refers to the process of growth, or improvement whether in oneself or in others.
Different People Different Goals
People have different goals and desires, so what one person sees as
progress or development may not be the same for another. Each
person seeks what is important to them based on their own priorities
and aspirations. For Example,
Jaruri Nhi Ki development goals Ko paise se Hi Kharid Sakte Ha
Income &Other Goals
Materialistic Goals : It refer to
tangible possessions such as money, a
car, or a house.
Non-Materialistic Goals : It refer to
intangible values such as freedom,
friendship, equality, and respect.
*Both material and non-material things are important for
development, and individuals often strive for a combination
of these goals to achieve personal growth and fulfillment.*
Comparing Different Countries/States
On the basis of National Income : When comparing countries,
their level of income is often viewed as a key indicator of
development. Countries with higher incomes are generally seen as
more developed, since greater income can provide access to basic
human needs and other resources that promote well- being.
Total Income = Sum of all residents of the country i.e population
When comparing countries, the average income or per capita income
is usually considered, rather than the total income. This is because
countries have different populations, and comparing total incomes
could be misleading. Per capita income provides a better measure of
the average income earned by an individual in a country, and can
therefore be used to compare standards of living between different
countries.
On the basis of Per Capita Income Paise ho to kya
kuch nhi ho sakta ?
Average
Income
Total Income Of Area
Per Capita Income =
Total Population
COMPARISON OF WORLD BANK ON THE BASIS OF PER CAPITA INCOME:
The World Bank uses a country's per capita income to make comparisons.
Countries with an annual per capita income of $12,056 or more in 2017 are
considered "rich" countries.
Countries with a per capita income of $955 or less in 2017 are classified as
"low- income" countries.
India had a per capita income of $1820 in 2017 and is categorized as a "low-
middle income" country.
Kaunse criteria ki madad se hum
development determine kr sakte h?
OTHER CRITERIA TO DETERMINE DEVELOPMENT
Infant Mortality Rate (or IMR) indicates the number of children that die before
the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular
year. Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7-and-
above age group.
Net Attendance Ratio is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15
years attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the
same age group.
Life Expectancy : It refers to the average length of time that a person can
expect to live from birth.
Body Mass Index (BMI): To determine if an adult is underweight or not, the
internationally accepted standard known as Body Mass Index (BMI) is used.
For adults, a BMI of less than 18.5 is considered underweight, while a BMI
between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered normal, based on their height and weight
However, it's important to keep in mind that this standard is not appropriate for
growing children.
Weight (in kilograms)
BMI = Height²(in metre)
PUBLIC FACILITIES
Public Ko Kya-Kya
milta hai?
Money alone cannot provide all the necessary goods and services for a comfortable
life, such as a pollution-free environment and disease protection.
Public facilities provided by the government are the most affordable and efficient way
to collectively provide these services to the public.
Kerala is a better place to live because of its well-established public distribution
system, ensuring that everyone has access to food and good health.
Kerala also has adequate basic health facilities and proper education, ensuring
people receive the necessary treatments and education.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT
When comparing the development of different countries or states, it is important to
consider multiple factors beyond just economic measures like per capita income.
Other factors such as healthcare, education, social welfare, and infrastructure also
play an important role in determining development and well-being. A country or state
may have a high per capita.
income but still face issues related to healthcare, education, and other social
services.
SUSTAINABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT
Sustainability of development is the practice of achieving economic growth while
protecting the environment and ensuring social well-being, without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves taking a long-term
view of development that balances economic, environmental, and social factors, to
create a sustainable and equitable future for all.
To ensure sustainable development, it is crucial to avoid harming the environment.
Some examples of environmental issues that must be considered include:
Groundwater overuse: The overuse of groundwater poses a significant threat to
its availability and quality.
Resource depletion: Excessive mining of resources like iron, gold, silver, coal and
crude oil can lead to depletion of these resources, causing irreparable harm to
the environment.
Factory pollution: The release of smoke and other harmful gases from factories
causes environmental pollution, which can have serious implications for public
health.
Water and air pollution: The problems of water and air pollution have a direct
impact on the quality of life of people and can also impact future generations.
Globalization challenges: The process of globalization has presented new
challenges for farmers in countries like India, including increased competition with
other international countries, which can have negative impacts on the
environment if not properly regulated.
