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New beginning: On Syria’s present and future

Syria should dismantle armed groups and adopt inclusive Constitution

Until six months ago, Abu Mohammad al-Jolani was a specially designated global terrorist, with a $10
million bounty fixed on his head by the U.S. government. A native of Syria’s Golan Heights and a former
member of al-Qaeda in Iraq, one of the group’s most brutal branches, Jolani founded Jabhat al-Nusra,
the al-Qaeda’s Syria affiliate, in 2012, during the early stages of the civil war. Thirteen years later, on
May 14, Jolani — now known as Ahmed al-Sharaa — met with U.S. President Donald Trump in Riyadh.
Mr. Trump, who earlier in the week lifted America’s decades-long sanctions on Syria, praised Mr.
Sharaa, saying he was “a tough guy. Strong past... Fighter”. The meeting was a diplomatic victory for
Mr. Sharaa, whose Islamist Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) captured Damascus in December 2024 by
toppling the secular dictatorship of President Bashar al-Assad. Mr. Sharaa met Qatar’s Emir in Doha in
April, seeking support for his fledgling Islamist regime. He enjoys the strong backing of Türkiye. He was
welcomed by French President Emmanuel Macron earlier this month at the Élysée Palace in Paris. And
in Riyadh, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman played a key role in facilitating his meeting with
Mr. Trump. With regional and international recognition, Ahmed al-Sharaa appears poised to shape
Syria’s present and future.

The lifting of American sanctions opens the door for Syria to join the global economic mainstream and
attract foreign investments. Mr. Sharaa has already invited American companies to invest in Syria’s oil
and gas. Money could flow from wealthy Arab monarchies to war-torn Syria for reconstruction and
other business opportunities. But one question remains: what kind of Syria are Mr. Sharaa and his fellow
Islamists planning to build? Mr. Sharaa has promised to uphold the rule of law, respect women’s rights
and protect religious and ethnic minorities. Yet, ever since the HTS captured power, Syria has seen
instances of targeted violence against minority communities. In March, hundreds of Alawites, the sect
to which ousted President Assad belongs, were killed by Islamist gunmen in the coastal Latakia region.
Sectarian tensions remain high in central Syria, where targeted killings and abductions are frequently
reported. In recent weeks, Syria’s Druze minority has come under sustained attacks, with community
leaders describing the violence as a “genocidal campaign”. The Kurds in the northeast have called for
a decentralised, democratic Syria, firmly opposing the HTS’s centralised style of governance. The
removal of sanctions and international recognition present a historic opportunity for Mr. Sharaa to
steer Syria toward recovery and prosperity. But to that end, he must first stabilise the country
internally, dismantle extremist armed groups and adopt an inclusive constitution that guarantees the
rights of all citizens. If not, Syria risks following the path of Libya or Afghanistan.
[Practice Exercise]

• Red/blue coloring of words in the sentence indicates subject verb relationship; where ‘red’
denotes ‘subject’ and ‘blue’ denotes ‘verb’.

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Vocabulary
1. Dismantle (verb) – disassemble, break 12. Topple (verb) – overthrow, remove,
down, destroy, take apart, remove unseat, oust, defeat थगराना / सत्ता से हिाना
विघटित करना
13. Dictatorship (noun) – autocracy, tyranny,
2. Armed (adjective) – equipped, totalitarianism, despotism,
weaponized, militant, fortified, prepared authoritarianism तानाशाही
हथियारबंद
14. Fledgling (adjective) – emerging, new,
3. Inclusive (adjective) – comprehensive, all- inexperienced, budding, nascent उभरते
encompassing, open, accepting, embracing
समािेशी 15. Regime (noun) – government,
administration, rule, authority, leadership
4. Bounty (noun) – reward, prize, grant, शासन / शासन व्यिस्िा
premium, payment इनाम
16. Backing (noun) – support, assistance,
5. Native (noun) – inhabitant, local, resident, endorsement, aid, patronage समिथन
denizen, citizen मूल ननिासी
17. Play a key role in (phrase) – be
6. Brutal (adjective) – cruel, savage, harsh, instrumental in, contribute to, help in, lead
merciless, inhuman क्रूर to, aid महत्िपर्
ू थ भमू मका ननभाना

7. Affiliate (noun) – branch, division, 18. Facilitate (verb) – assist, enable, ease,
subsidiary, partner, associate सहयोगी promote, simplify सुगम बनाना
संगठन
19. Recognition (noun) – acknowledgment,
acceptance, validation, approval,
8. Civil war (noun) – a war between citizens
identification मान्यता
of the same country. गह
ृ युद्ध
20. Poise (to) (verb) – prepare, position, ready,
9. Lift (verb) – remove, revoke, end, abolish,
set, brace तैयार होना
withdraw हिाना / समाप्त करना
21. Mainstream (noun) – majority, norm,
10. Sanction (noun) – restriction, penalty,
convention, general trend, dominant
embargo, ban, deterrent प्रनतबंध
culture मुख्यधारा
11. Praise (verb) – commend, applaud,
22. Monarchy (noun) – kingship, crown,
appreciate, hail, extol सराहना करना
sovereignty, empire, royal rule राजतंत्र

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23. War-torn (adjective) – devastated, 33. Call for (phrasal verb) – demand, request,
ravaged, shattered, battle-scarred, urge, propose, appeal for की मांग करना
conflict-ridden युद्धग्रस्त
34. Decentralised (adjective) – used to
24. Uphold (verb) – support, maintain, defend, describe organizations or their activities
protect, sustain बनाए रखना which are not controlled from one central
place, but happen in many different places.
25. Rule of law (noun) – the restriction of the विकेन्रीकृत
arbitrary exercise of power by
subordinating it to well-defined and 35. Firmly (adverb) – strongly, resolutely,
established laws. steadily, decisively, adamantly दृढ़ता से
26. Ethnic (adjective) – racial, cultural, tribal,
36. Centralised (adjective) – Controlled by one
indigenous, ancestral जातीय
main system or authority केंरीकृत
27. Instance (noun) – example, occurrence,
37. Steer (verb) – guide, direct, lead, navigate,
case, illustration, event उदाहरर् / घिना
pilot मागथदशथन करना / टदशा दे ना
28. Sect (noun) – denomination, faction,
38. Prosperity (noun) – wealth, success,
subgroup, offshoot, religious group संप्रदाय
affluence, well-being, growth समद्
ृ थध
29. Oust (verb) – remove, eject, depose,
39. To that end (phrase) – for that purpose,
overthrow, expel बाहर ननकालना / हिाना with that aim, in pursuit of that,
accordingly, thus उस उद्दे श्य से
30. Sectarian (adjective) – divisive,
denominational, factional, partisan,
40. Stabilise (verb) – steady, secure, balance,
communal संप्रदायिादी
fix, normalize स्स्िर करना
31. Abduction (noun) – kidnapping, capture,
41. Extremist (adjective) – radical, fanatical,
seizure, snatching, hijacking अपहरर्
militant, hardliner, fundamentalist उग्रिादी
32. Genocidal (adjective) – exterminatory,
42. Following (preposition) – after,
annihilating, murderous, mass-killing,
subsequent to, as a result of, in the wake
violent जानतसंहार संबंधी
of, ensuing के बाद

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Summary of the Editorial

1. Ahmed al-Sharaa, formerly known as terrorist Abu Mohammad al-Jolani, now leads Syria
after overthrowing Bashar al-Assad in December 2024.
2. He was once head of al-Qaeda’s Syrian affiliate, Jabhat al-Nusra, and a U.S.-designated
global terrorist.
3. On May 14, 2025, he met with former U.S. President Donald Trump in Riyadh, gaining
international legitimacy.
4. This meeting followed the U.S. lifting its decades-long sanctions on Syria — a major
diplomatic shift.
5. Mr. Sharaa has been actively seeking international support, visiting Qatar and France and
receiving backing from Türkiye.
6. With increasing regional and global recognition, Sharaa is emerging as a key architect of
Syria's future.
7. The lifting of sanctions opens Syria to global economic integration and potential foreign
investments, especially in oil and gas.
8. Wealthy Arab nations may finance Syria’s reconstruction, aiding recovery after years of
war.
9. However, concerns arise over Sharaa’s Islamist governance, given his militant past and the
extremist origins of HTS.
10. Though he promises to uphold rule of law, women’s rights, and minority protections,
violence against minorities has increased.
11. Alawites, Assad’s sect, were targeted in Latakia in March, raising fears of sectarian
retaliation.
12. Druze communities have reported sustained attacks, described as genocidal by their
leaders.
13. Kurds in the northeast reject HTS’s centralized rule and advocate for a decentralized,
democratic Syria.
14. For Syria’s successful recovery, Sharaa must dismantle extremist armed groups and ensure
genuine inclusivity.
15. Without meaningful reform and internal stability, Syria could collapse into chaos like Libya
or Afghanistan.

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Practice Exercise: SSC Pattern Based

1. What is the main theme of the passage?
A. The economic benefits of lifting U.S. sanctions on Syria
B. The rise of Ahmed al-Sharaa and the challenges facing Syria under his rule
C. A comparison between Syria’s government and other failed states like Libya
D. The role of Türkiye and Saudi Arabia in shaping Syria’s future
2. Turning Syria’s recent diplomatic gains into genuine “recovery and prosperity” chiefly depends on Mr
Sharaa’s ability to ________.
A. channel new oil revenues straight into large-scale infrastructure projects
B. stabilise the country internally and adopt an inclusive constitution
C. obtain an unconditional security treaty with the United States
D. end all political and military cooperation with Türkiye and Qatar
3. In the clause “adopt an inclusive constitution that guarantees the rights of all citizens,” which word
below is the most precise antonym of inclusive as used by the author?
A. Parochial
B. Comprehensive
C. Ecumenical
D. Embracive
4. Evaluate the accuracy of the following statements drawn from the passage.
i. Ahmed al-Sharaa’s Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) captured Damascus roughly five months before the
United States lifted its decades-long sanctions on Syria.
ii. Before his rehabilitation, the U.S. placed a bounty of $15 million on Abu Mohammad al-Jolani.
A. Only statement i is correct
B. Only statement ii is correct
C. Both statements i and ii are correct
D. Neither statement i nor ii is correct
5. Why does the author warn that Syria could “follow the path of Libya or Afghanistan” if Ahmed al-
Sharaa does not change course?
A. Foreign investors might withdraw if global oil prices fall.
B. Türkiye could sever diplomatic ties over economic disagreements.
C. Persistent sectarian violence and failure to adopt an inclusive constitution may trigger state
collapse.
D. Bashar al-Assad is expected to launch a successful counter-offensive.
6. Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word.
A. Comfortable
B. Battle
C. Cheerful
D. Depresed
7. Select the most appropriate option that can substitute the underlined segment in the given
sentence.

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Everyone disliked the new CEO, Kushal, but nobody is ready to put themselves in dangerous
situation by telling him their feelings
A. pull a long face
B. bell the cat
C. sit on the fence
D. rule the roost
8. Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word.
A. Arrangement
B. Kerbstone
C. Inflamous
D. Subjugator
9. Select the most appropriate idiom that can substitute the underlined segment in the given
sentence.
Most women are facing the same problem when it comes to job satisfaction because of the pay
parity in institutions
A. comparing apples to oranges
B. a drop in the ocean
C. in the same boat
D. armchair experts
10. Correct the underlined part of the sentence.
This mango is bitterer
A. bitterest
B. most bitter
C. bitter
D. more bitter
11. Select the option that can be used as a one-word substitute for the given group of words.
One who does something for pleasure.
A. Atheist
B. Hedonist
C. Anarchist
D. Aggressor
12. Select the grammatically correct sentence
A. A traffic on the highway was heavy during an evening.
B. The traffic on a highway was heavy during an evening.
C. The traffic on the highway was heavy during the evening.
D. The traffic on the highway was heavy during an evening.
13. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the underlined word in the given sentence.
Even if an unlaced shoe is spotless, it is not neat.
A. agile
B. forged
C. soiled

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D. requisite
14. Select the most appropriate ANTONYM of the underlined word.
Raju is lazy and smart, but he does not attend the classes.
A. genius
B. lax
C. industrious
D. snobbish
15. Select the INCORRECTLY spelt word.
A. Believe
B. Conscious
C. Occurrance
D. Receive
16. Select the option that expresses the given sentence in future perfect tense form.
I hope you wash all the clothes before you come into the house again
A. I hope you shall wash all the clothes before you come into the house again
B. I hope you will have washed all the clothes before you come into the house again.
C. I hope you will have wash all the clothes before you come into the house again.
D. I hope you will be washing all the clothes before you come into the house again.
17. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
I am calling to thank you _________ the present you sent
A. of
B. with
C. in
D. for
18. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
He pressed the _________ just in time to avoid the accident.
A. beak
B. brake
C. bike
D. break
19. Select the most appropriate synonym of the underlined word in the given sentence.
Any declarations or practices of religious antipathy against ethnic minorities in a democratic
country should not be tolerated
A. Enmity
B. Devaluation
C. Conformity
D. Passivity
20. Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blank.
The ancient Greeks and pagans used to worship natural _________ as Gods and Goddesses
A. impulses
B. instincts

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C. mixtures
D. elements
Comprehension:
In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the passage carefully and select
the most appropriate option to fill in each blank.
Newspapers are like mirrors (1) ___________ the diverse facets of society, capturing the voices,
stories, and events that define our shared human experience. They serve as a forum (2)
___________ dialogue, debate, and discussion, amplifying voices from all walks of life and
fostering (3)___________ sense of community. Beyond reporting news, newspapers also
celebrate achievements, highlight cultural (4) ___________, and showcase human resilience in
the face of adversity. They are archives of history, chronicling the triumphs and trials of
generations, and serving as a reminder of how far we have come and how much further we can
go. In an age of digital transformation, newspapers continue to (5) ___________, adapting to
new mediums while upholding the core values of journalism: accuracy, integrity, and
accountability.
21. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 1.
A. reflects
B. reflecting
C. reflected
D. reflect
22. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 2
A. into
B. for
C. by
D. on
23. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 3.
A. No article required
B. the
C. an
D. A
24. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 4.
A. richly
B. richer
C. richest
D. richness
25. Select the most appropriate option to fill in blank number 5
A. evolve
B. revolve
C. involve
D. dissolve

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Answers
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9.C 10. C 11.B
12. C 13. C 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.D 21.B 22.B
23. D 24.D 25. A [Practice exercise]
Explanations
1. B) The rise of Ahmed al-Sharaa and the challenges facing Syria under his rule
The passage focuses on Ahmed al-Sharaa’s diplomatic gains, his regime’s international recognition, and the
internal challenges (violence, sectarian tensions, governance issues) that Syria faces under his rule.
A: While mentioned, this is only a part of the discussion, not the main theme.
C: The passage briefly mentions Libya and Afghanistan as possible outcomes but does not focus on
comparison.
D: These countries are mentioned as supporters, but the passage is broader, covering internal and external
challenges.
2. B) stabilise the country internally and adopt an inclusive constitution
The passage states that, “he must first stabilise the country internally, dismantle extremist armed groups
and adopt an inclusive constitution.” Those two linked actions are presented as the non-negotiable
foundation for progress.
A: Oil investment is mentioned, but only after stability and inclusivity; it is not portrayed as the decisive
pre-condition.
C: No such U.S. treaty is discussed; the text focuses on sanctions relief and regional support, not a military
pact.
D: Turkiye’s backing is described as an advantage, not an obstacle that must be severed.
3. A) Parochial
Parochial means narrowly restricted or provincial, the direct opposite of a broad, all-embracing (“inclusive”)
approach. सीममत
B: Comprehensive – A near-synonym of inclusive, not an opposite.
C: Ecumenical – Connotes universality and inter-group harmony, again similar to inclusive.
D: Embracive – Literally “embracing” or encompassing; it reinforces, rather than negates, the original idea.
4. A) Only statement i is correct
i aligns with the chronology: HTS seized Damascus in December 2024 and sanctions were removed the
week of 14 May 2025—≈ five months later.
Statement ii misstates the bounty; Washington offered $10 million, not $15 million.
5. C) Persistent sectarian violence and failure to adopt an inclusive constitution may trigger state collapse.
The passage states that “he must first stabilise the country internally… and adopt an inclusive constitution…
If not, Syria risks following the path of Libya or Afghanistan.” This links the risk directly to unresolved
internal conflict and lack of inclusive governance.
A: Oil-price volatility is not cited as the driver of potential collapse.
B: Türkiye currently supports Sharaa; economic disputes are not identified as the main danger.
6. D: The passage portrays Assad as ousted; a counter-offensive is not discussed as the looming threat.
7. B) Bell the cat – To take a risk or face danger for the sake of others. खतरा मोल लेना

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• Pull a long face – To look sad or disappointed उदास या ननराश टदखना

• Sit on the fence – To remain neutral and not take sides in a dispute. ननष्पक्ष रहना / ककसी पक्ष
का समिथन न करना
• Rule the roost – To be in control or to dominate. प्रभत्ु ि जमाना / ननयंत्रर् में रहना
8. C) The incorrect spelling in the given options is "Inflamous". The correct spelling is "Infamous",
which means "well known for some bad quality or deed" (कुख्यात).
9. C) In the same boat (idiom) – Facing the same problem समान समस्या का सामना करना
• Comparing apples to oranges – Comparing two things that are completely different and
cannot be fairly compared. दो असमान चीजों की तुलना करना
• A drop in the ocean – A very small or insignificant amount compared to what is needed.
बहुत कम या नगण्य योगदान
• Armchair experts – People who give opinions or advice without practical experience. जो
बबना अनभ
ु ि के सलाह दे ते हैं
10. C) 'bitterer' के बदले 'bitter' का प्रयोग होगा क्योंकक 'bitter' का तुलनात्मक रूप (comparative form)
सामान्यतः 'more bitter' होता है, लेककन यटद कोई तुलना व्यक्त नहीं की जा रही है, तो मूल रूप 'bitter' ही
सही रहे गा; जैसे— This mango is bitter, I don't like its taste.
'bitter' will be used instead of 'bitterer' because the word 'bitter' does not commonly take the '-er'
form. If no comparison is made, the simple form 'bitter' is correct; Like— This mango is bitter, I
don't like its taste.
11. B) Hedonist (noun) – One who does something for pleasure or pursues pleasure as the highest
good. आनंदिादी
• Atheist (noun) – A person who does not believe in the existence of God. नास्स्तक
• Anarchist (noun) – A person who believes in or tries to bring about anarchy (a state of disorder
due to absence of authority). अराजकतािादी
• Aggressor (noun) – A person or country that attacks first or initiates hostility. आक्रमर्कारी
12. C) The correct answer is C. The traffic on the highway was heavy during the evening.
13. C) Spotless (adjective) – Clean, free from dirt, immaculate, pure. स्िच्छ
Antonym: Soiled (adjective) – Dirty, stained, unclean. गंदा
• Agile (adjective) – Able to move quickly and easily, nimble, swift. चुस्त
• Forged (adjective) – Fake, counterfeit, fabricated. जाली

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• Requisite (adjective) – Necessary, essential, required. आिश्यक

14. C) Lazy (adjective) – Unwilling to work or use energy; idle, sluggish, lethargic. आलसी
Antonym: Industrious (adjective) – Diligent, hardworking, productive, conscientious. पररश्रमी
• Genius (noun) – Exceptional intellectual or creative power or ability; brilliant, prodigy.
प्रनतभाशाली
• Lax (adjective) – Not strict, severe, or careful; negligent, careless. ढीला
• Snobbish (adjective) – Behaving in a way that shows one thinks they are better than others;
arrogant, elitist. घमंडी
15. C) The correct answer is C. Occurrance. The correct spelling is Occurrence, which means “an event
or something that happens” (घिना, घिना का होना).
16. B) I hope you will have washed all the clothes before you come into the house again
Future Perfect Tense में structure है: Subject + will/shall + have + past participle (V3) + object
यहााँ, िाक्य का मतलब है कक 'कपडे धोने की कक्रया' भविष्य में एक समय से पहले परू ी हो चुकी
होगी। सही विकल्प में 'will have washed' का प्रयोग ककया गया है, जो Future Perfect Tense के
ननयमों के अनस
ु ार है।
The structure of Future Perfect Tense is: Subject + will/shall + have + past participle (V3) + object
Here, the sentence indicates that the action of washing the clothes will have been completed
before another action (coming into the house). Option B correctly uses "will have washed," which
follows the rules of Future Perfect Tense.
17. D) 'for' का use होगा क्योंकक 'thank' के बाद स्जस कारर् से आभार व्यक्त ककया जा रहा है, उसे दशाथने के
मलए 'for' का use ककया जाता है; जैस—
े I am thankful for your help.
'for' will be used because after 'thank,' the reason for gratitude is introduced using 'for'; Like— I
am thankful for your help.
18. B) ‘Brake' का use होगा क्योंकक "brake" का अिथ होता है गाडी रोकने के मलए use ककया जाने िाला
यंत्र। sentence में यह बताया गया है कक उसने समय पर "brake" दबाया ताकक दघ
ु ि
थ ना से बचा जा
सके। इस स्स्िनत में 'brake' का प्रयोग सही है क्योंकक यह संदभथ में किि बैठता है। Beak' का अिथ है
पक्षी की चोंच। यह िाक्य के संदभथ में गलत है क्योंकक यहााँ ककसी िाहन को रोकने की बात हो रही
है। Bike' का अिथ है मोिरसाइककल। इसे दबाने की बात नहीं होती, इसमलए यह यहााँ सही विकल्प
नहीं है।‘Break' का अिथ है िूिना या विराम।
'Brake' will be used because it refers to a device used to stop a vehicle. The sentence indicates that
the person pressed something just in time to avoid the accident, making 'brake' the appropriate

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choice. Beak' means the beak of a bird, which is irrelevant to the context of avoiding an accident.
Bike' refers to a motorcycle, and one cannot press a "bike" to avoid an accident. Break' means to
break something or a pause, which doesn't fit the context of stopping a vehicle to avoid an
accident.
19. A) Antipathy (noun) – A deep-seated feeling of dislike; aversion, hostility, hatred, opposition. विरोध
या गहरी निरत
Synonym: Enmity (noun) – The state or feeling of being actively opposed or hostile to someone or
something; animosity, hatred. शत्रुता, दश्ु मनी
• Devaluation (noun): The reduction of something's worth or value; depreciation, deprecation.
मूल्यह्रास
• Conformity (noun): Compliance with standards, rules, or laws; agreement, obedience.
अनप
ु ालन, समानता
• Passivity (noun): Acceptance of what happens without resistance or active response; inactivity,
submissiveness. ननस्ष्क्रयता
20. D) Elements' का use होगा क्योंकक "elements" का अिथ है प्राकृनतक तत्ि जैसे पथ्
ृ िी, िायु, अस्नन,
जल। sentence में प्राचीन ग्रीक और पगानों की बात की गई है, जो प्राकृनतक तत्िों की पूजा
दे िताओं के रूप में करते िे। यह संदभथ 'elements' को उपयुक्त बनाता है। 'Impulses' का अिथ होता
है आिेग या तात्कामलक इच्छा, जो प्राकृनतक चीजों की पज
ू ा से मेल नहीं खाता। 'Instincts' का अिथ
है सहज ज्ञान या प्रिवृ त्त, जो भी इस संदभथ में किि नहीं बैठता। 'Mixtures' का अिथ है ममश्रर्, लेककन
प्राकृनतक तत्िों की पूजा की बात करते समय यह उपयुक्त नहीं है।
Elements' will be used because it means natural components like earth, air, fire, and water. The
sentence refers to the ancient Greeks and pagans worshiping natural phenomena as Gods and
Goddesses, making 'elements' the most appropriate choice. 'Impulses' refers to sudden desires or
urges, which doesn’t align with worshipping natural things. 'Instincts' means natural tendencies or
inclinations, which also doesn’t fit the context. 'Mixtures' refers to combinations, which is
irrelevant in the context of worshipping natural phenomena.
21. B) Reflecting' का use होगा क्योंकक यह participle है, जो "mirrors" की विशेषता को व्यक्त करता
है। Sentence एक descriptive structure में है, जहााँ participle "reflecting" का use "mirrors" के कायथ
को बताने के मलए ककया गया है। Newspapers को mirrors के रूप में िर्र्थत ककया गया है, जो
society के diverse facets को ननरं तर reflect कर रहे हैं। इसमलए 'reflecting' उपयुक्त है। 'Reflects':
यह verb है, लेककन यहााँ participle की आिश्यकता है जो "mirrors" को modify कर सके। 'Reflected':

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यह past tense participle है, जो इस context में ongoing action को व्यक्त नहीं करता। 'Reflect': यह
base form है, जो grammatical structure के अनुसार सही नहीं है।
Reflecting' will be used because it is a participle that modifies the noun "mirrors." The sentence
uses a descriptive structure, where "reflecting" aptly describes the ongoing action of "mirrors"
reflecting the diverse facets of society. Hence, 'reflecting' is the most appropriate choice. 'Reflects':
This is a verb, but the structure requires a participle to modify "mirrors." 'Reflected': This is a past
participle and does not indicate the ongoing nature of the action. 'Reflect': This is the base form
and does not fit the grammatical structure.
22. B) For' का use सही है क्योंकक यह अखबारों की भूममका को एक मंच के रूप में व्यक्त करता है।
sentence में mentionहै कक अखबार संिाद, बहस और चचाथ के मलए मंच का कायथ करते हैं, और
"for" यहां उस उद्देश्य को सही ढं ग से दशाथता है। 'Into' गलत है क्योंकक यह रूपांतरर् या गनत को
दशाथता है, जो यहां मंच की अिधारर्ा के मलए उपयुक्त नहीं है। 'By' गलत है क्योंकक यह साधन या
एजेंसी को इंथगत करता है, जो यहां संदमभथत नहीं है। 'On' गलत है क्योंकक यह स्िान या सतह को
दशाथता है, जो इस िाक्य के मलए अप्रासंथगक है।
For' is the correct option because it indicates the purpose or role of newspapers as a forum. The
sentence mentions newspapers serving as a platform for dialogue, debate, and discussion, and
"for" aligns grammatically to convey this purpose. 'Into' is incorrect because it implies
transformation or movement, which doesn't suit the idea of newspapers being a platform. 'By' is
incorrect as it indicates agency or means, which doesn’t fit the context here. 'On' is incorrect
because it suggests location or a surface, which is irrelevant to the intended meaning.
23. D) A' का use होगा क्योंकक "sense of community" एक सामान्य और अननस्श्चत विचार को संदमभथत
करता है। "A" का use तब ककया जाता है जब ककसी विशेष चीज की बात नहीं की जा रही हो। यहां
अखबारों द्िारा समद
ु ाय की भािना को बढ़ािा देने की बात हो रही है, जो ककसी विमशष्ि समुदाय के
मलए नहीं बस्ल्क सामान्य रूप से है। 'The' का use गलत होगा क्योंकक यह एक definite article है
और ककसी विशेष या पहले से ज्ञात चीज के मलए use होता है। यहां "sense of community" कोई
विशेष चीज नहीं है। 'An' wrong है क्योंकक यह केिल vowel sound िाले शब्दों से पहले use होता है,
और "sense" स्िर से शुरू नहीं होता।
A' will be used because "sense of community" refers to a general and indefinite idea. "A" is used
when the reference is non-specific. Here, newspapers are promoting a general sense of
community, not a specific one. 'The' is incorrect because it is a definite article and is used for
something specific or previously mentioned, which is not the case here. 'An' is incorrect because it
is used only before words starting with a vowel sound, and "sense" does not start with a vowel
sound.

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24. D) 'Richness' का use होगा क्योंकक "richness" का अिथ है "समद्

ृ थध" या "विविधता की प्रचरु ता," जो
सांस्कृनतक संदभथ में सही बैठता है। िाक्य में बताया गया है कक अखबार सांस्कृनतक उपलस्ब्धयों को
उजागर करते हैं। यहााँ noun "richness" का प्रयोग ककया गया है क्योंकक यह "highlight" का object है
और contextually सही है। Richly: यह adverb है, स्जसका अिथ है "समद्
ृ ध तरीके से," लेककन यह यहां
इस्तेमाल नहीं हो सकता क्योंकक िाक्य को noun की आिश्यकता है। Richer: यह comparative
adjective है, लेककन इसे sentence में use करने का कोई आधार नहीं है। Richest: यह superlative
adjective है, जो grammatical structure और context के अनुसार सही नहीं है।
Richness' will be used because it means "abundance of diversity or prosperity," which fits the
cultural context. The sentence states that newspapers highlight cultural achievements. Here, the
noun "richness" is required as it serves as the object of "highlight," making it contextually and
grammatically appropriate. Richly: It is an adverb, meaning "in a rich manner," but it cannot be
used here as the sentence requires a noun.
Richer: It is a comparative adjective, but there is no basis to use it in the sentence.
Richest: It is a superlative adjective, which does not fit the grammatical structure and context.
25. A) ‘Evolve' का use होगा क्योंकक "evolve" का अिथ है धीरे-धीरे विकमसत होना या अनक
ु ू लन करना।
sentence में mention है कक अखबार डडस्जिल युग में भी नए माध्यमों के साि अनक
ु ू लन कर रहे
हैं और पत्रकाररता के मूल मूल्यों को बनाए रखते हैं। इसमलए 'evolve' यहााँ सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प
है। जबकक: 'Revolve' का अिथ है घूमना या चक्कर लगाना, जो इस संदभथ में उपयुक्त नहीं है।
'Involve' का अिथ है सस्मममलत करना, जो िाक्य के अिथ के साि मेल नहीं खाता। 'Dissolve' का अिथ
है घल
ु ना या समाप्त होना, जो यहााँ गलत होगा क्योंकक िाक्य में अखबारों के जारी रहने की बात
हो रही है।
'Evolve' will be used because it means to gradually develop or adapt. The sentence mentions that
newspapers continue to adapt to new mediums while maintaining the core values of journalism,
making 'evolve' the most fitting choice. Whereas: 'Revolve' means to rotate or spin, which doesn't
fit the context. 'Involve' means to include, which does not align with the intended meaning.
'Dissolve' means to disintegrate or vanish, which contradicts the idea of newspapers continuing to
adapt.

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