CHEMISTRY
INVESITGATORY
PROJECT
Study On Determination
Of Contents Of Cold
Drink
Avni Malhotra Class
12-A
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to CBSE, my school
PHOENIX GREENS SCHOOL OF LEARNING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ,
as well as my principal Ms. Anju Sharma Ma’am , my coordinator Reeta Ma’am and
my chemistry teacher Neelima ma’am who gave me this golden opportunity to do
this wonderful project on the topic :-Study On Determination Of Contents Of Cold
Drink. Secondly I would also like to thank my parents who helped me a lot in
finalizing this project within the limited time frame. Last and not the least I would
also like to thank my friends who gave me their valuable suggestions.
TABLE OF CONETENTS
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE
THEORY
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATIONS
RESULT
CONCLUSIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but theindustrialization in India marked its
beginning withlaunching of Limca and Goldspot by parley group ofcompanies.
Since, the beginning of cold drinks washighly profitable and luring, many
multinationalcompanies launched their brands in India like Pepsiand Coke.
Now days, it is observed in general that majority of people viewed Sprite, Miranda,
and Limca to give feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up toactivate pulse
and brain.
OBJECTIVE
COMPARITIVE
STUDY AND
QUALITATIVE
ANALYSIS OF
DIFFERENT BRANDS
OFCOLD DRINKS
AVAILABLE IN
MARKET
THEORY
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol ,carbohydrates,
carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks give feeling of warmth,
lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide
is responsible for the formation of froth on shaking the bottle.
The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid which is
also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally
occurring organic compounds and are major source of energy to our body.
General formula of carbohydrates is (CH2O)n.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:
Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Glucose is a
monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State int he ripen
grapes, in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present in human
blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful
disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices,
seeds and also in flowers of many plants.
The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar
beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It
is produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas
glucose is reducing. Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured
by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as
citric acid and phosphoric acid.
APPARATAUS
Test Tube
Test Tube Holder Iodine Solution
Test Tube Stand Potassium Iodine
Stop Watch Sodium Hydroxide
Beaker Fehling’s
Burner A & B Solution
pH Paper Lime Water
Tripod Concentrated HNO3
Stand Benedict Solution
China Dish Ammonium Molybdate
Wire Gauge
Water Bath
DETECTION OF PH
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a testtube and put on the
pH paper. The change in the color of pH paper was noticed and was compared with the
standard pH scale.
TEST FOR
As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passed through lime
water. The lime water turned milky.
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
Experiment:=
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following
test:-
[Link]’s Reagent test:
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and a
few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heated for few
seconds. Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence of glucose in cold
drinks
2. Fehling's Solution Test
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and a few
drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added inequal amount.
The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown
precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drink
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
Experiment:-
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and
Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was added to it.
The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate confirmed the presence
of phosphate ions in cold drinks.
TEST FOR ALCHOHOL
Experiment
Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and
Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH) solution was
added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for 30
minutes. Appearance of yellow colored precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol
in cold drink
TEST FOR SUCROSE
Experiment
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate China dishes and were
heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored residue left confirmed the presence
of sucrose in cold drinks.
TEST FOR
Inference
All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon dioxide(
)dissolves in water to form carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste.
Chemical Reaction Involved:
TEST FOR GLUCOSE
1. Benedict’s Reagent test:
Inference
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict‟s reagent.
Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
2. Fehling’s Solution test:
Inference
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A &
B) solutions.
Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose
TEST FOR PHOSPHATE
Inference
All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate ions. Hence all the cold drinks
contain phosphate.
Chemical Reaction Involved
TEST FOR ALCOHOL
Inference
All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.
Chemical Reaction involved:
TEST FOR SUCROSE
Inference
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies in each brand
of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of cold
drinks namely:
1. Coca Cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta
All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide All cold drinks
are acidic in nature. On comparing the pH value of
different brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all
the four brands taken.
CARBON DIOXIDE
Among the four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum amount of
dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved carbon
dioxide.
DISADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS:
1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in
large amount which cause problems in diabetes patients.
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the
body’s
natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
3. Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also harmful for our
bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So it can dissolve a
nail in about 4 days.
5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must usethe
hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly censive material.
6. Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful to our
body.
USES OF COLD DRINKS:
1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners.
2. They can remove rust spots from chrome car bumpers.
3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals.
4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent “detergent‟ to remove grease from clothes.
5. They can loose a rusted bolt.
Some of the precautions which need to be taken care of are
Concentrated solutions should be handled with immense care.
Hands should be washed thoroughly after performing each experiment. 4. If
possible, one should wear hand gloves to prevent from any possible damage.
. If chemicals come into contact with your skin or eyes, flush immediately with
copious amounts of water.
. Never leave burners unattended. Turn them off whenever you leave your
workstation.
Never point a test tube or any vessel that you are heating at yourself or your
neighbour.
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
NCERT TEXTBOOK
Chemistry lab manual 2023- edtion
[Link]
WWW. [Link]
[Link]
