AICTE Activity Point Program Report on “Food Packaging and Preservation”

Abstract

The global food industry is heavily reliant on effective preservation and packaging techniques to
ensure the quality, safety, and longevity of food products. These methods are essential for
minimizing food wastage, meeting consumer expectations, and enabling the transportation of
perishable goods across vast distances. Food preservation involves a range of strategies to
prevent spoilage caused by microbial growth, enzymatic reactions, and environmental factors.
Packaging complements these efforts by acting as a barrier against external contamination,
regulating environmental exposure, and often enhancing product appeal through design and
branding.

With the rise of convenience foods and changing consumer preferences, the demand for
innovative and sustainable packaging solutions has surged. Technologies like Modified
Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), vacuum sealing, and active and intelligent packaging have
revolutionized the industry, offering advanced solutions for extending shelf life while
maintaining food quality. These innovations are particularly relevant in the context of traditional
foods like kakhra, a Gujarati flatbread known for its crisp texture and delicate flavor.

Kakhra presents unique preservation challenges due to its sensitivity to moisture, air, and
physical damage. Traditional packaging methods often fail to protect its texture and flavor over
extended periods, especially in export markets. Modern packaging technologies have addressed
these issues through techniques such as moisture-resistant barriers, oxygen scavengers, and eco-
friendly materials. These solutions not only preserve the quality of kakhra but also align with the
growing demand for sustainable practices in food packaging.

This report explores the principles of food preservation and packaging, with a focus on
traditional snacks like kakhra. It highlights the challenges faced by producers and the
technological innovations that have redefined the industry. Special emphasis is placed on the
intersection of cultural heritage and modern packaging, showcasing how traditional foods can
thrive in contemporary markets while maintaining their authenticity.

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 AICTE Activity Point Program Report on “Food Packaging and Preservation”

Chapter-1

Introduction

1.1 The Importance of Food Preservation

Food preservation has been a cornerstone of human survival and culinary evolution. The primary
goal of preservation techniques is to prolong the shelf life of food, ensuring it remains safe for
consumption while retaining its nutritional value and sensory qualities. From ancient methods
such as drying, salting, and fermenting to modern technologies like refrigeration, freezing, and
chemical treatments, food preservation has evolved significantly to meet the changing needs of
society.

Today, with the global food supply chain becoming increasingly complex, preservation is more
crucial than ever. The challenges of ensuring food safety, reducing waste, and catering to
consumer demand for convenience have driven innovation in preservation techniques. Key
objectives include:

 Preventing microbial growth and spoilage.

 Minimizing oxidation and rancidity.
 Retaining taste, texture, and nutritional value.
 Enabling long-distance transportation and extended storage.

1.2 The Role of Packaging in Food Preservation

Packaging is an integral part of food preservation, acting as a physical and environmental barrier
that protects food from contamination, spoilage, and damage during storage and transportation.
Beyond its protective function, modern packaging serves several critical roles:

 Quality Preservation: Packaging helps maintain the freshness, texture, and flavor of food by
controlling exposure to air, moisture, and light.
 Convenience: Easy-to-use designs, resealable options, and single-serve portions enhance
consumer convenience.
 Marketing and Branding: Packaging serves as a communication tool, providing essential
information about the product while appealing to consumer aesthetics.

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 AICTE Activity Point Program Report on “Food Packaging and Preservation”

 Sustainability: With growing environmental concerns, packaging innovations are increasingly

focused on reducing waste and using eco-friendly materials.

Advances in packaging technologies, such as Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), vacuum

sealing, and intelligent packaging systems, have significantly improved the ability to preserve
perishable foods. These technologies address critical issues like oxygen exposure, moisture
control, and temperature fluctuations.

1.3 Challenges in Packaging Traditional Foods

Traditional foods, despite their cultural and culinary value, often pose unique preservation and
packaging challenges. Their natural ingredients, textures, and preparation methods can make
them more susceptible to spoilage. For instance, kakhra—a thin, crispy, roasted wheat flatbread
popular in Gujarat—is highly sensitive to environmental factors like humidity and air exposure.
Improper storage can lead to loss of crispness, flavor degradation, and microbial growth.

Traditional packaging methods for kakhra, such as simple plastic wraps or paper boxes, have
proven inadequate for long-term preservation, especially for export markets. This has
necessitated the development of specialized packaging solutions tailored to its unique needs.
Advanced materials and technologies, such as desiccants, oxygen scavengers, and airtight seals,
have been critical in addressing these challenges.

1.4 Kakhra: A Case for Specialized Preservation and Packaging

Kakhra holds a special place in Gujarati cuisine, revered for its simplicity, versatility, and
nutritional value. Traditionally consumed as a breakfast item or snack, its appeal has expanded
beyond regional boundaries, gaining popularity across India and internationally. Its thin, crisp
texture and delicate flavor, however, make it particularly challenging to preserve.

Key challenges in kakhra preservation include:

 Moisture Sensitivity: Exposure to humidity can render kakhra soggy and compromise its
texture.
 Flavor Retention: Oils and spices used in its preparation are prone to oxidation, which
can lead to rancidity.

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 AICTE Activity Point Program Report on “Food Packaging and Preservation”

 Physical Fragility: The thin structure of kakhra makes it prone to breakage during
handling and transportation.

To address these issues, manufacturers have adopted advanced packaging techniques such as:

 Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP): Replacing oxygen with nitrogen to prevent

spoilage and maintain crispness.
 Vacuum Sealing: Removing air from the package to reduce oxidation and microbial
activity.
 Moisture-Resistant Packaging: Incorporating materials that prevent moisture ingress,
ensuring the product remains crispy.
 Sustainable Solutions: Using biodegradable materials to meet consumer demands for
eco-friendly packaging.

1.5 Evolution of Packaging for Traditional Foods

The shift from traditional packaging to modern, technology-driven solutions represents a critical
step in the commercialization of traditional foods like kakhra. Innovations in preservation and
packaging not only ensure product quality but also enable wider market reach, catering to the
growing demand for ready-to-eat traditional snacks.

This evolution is evident in the success of brands like Induben Khakhrawala, which have
embraced advanced preservation methods to deliver high-quality products to consumers
worldwide. Through the integration of smart packaging technologies, such as freshness
indicators and sustainable materials, the brand has successfully addressed preservation
challenges while maintaining the authenticity of its offerings.

Summary
This chapter introduced the domains of food preservation and packaging, emphasizing their
significance in maintaining food safety, quality, and longevity. It highlighted the challenges
posed by traditional foods like kakhra, which require specialized solutions to preserve their
delicate texture and flavor.

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 AICTE Activity Point Program Report on “Food Packaging and Preservation”

Chapter-2

Ingredients and Preparation of Kakhra

2.1 Key ingredients

Kakhra, a traditional Gujarati snack, is a thin, crispy flatbread made with simple ingredients,
often enriched with spices and flavors. Its preparation is a blend of simplicity and technique,
ensuring a product that is both delicious and long-lasting.

Ingredients
The base recipe for kakhra typically includes:

1. Whole Wheat Flour – The primary ingredient, offering a nutty flavor and rich texture.
2. Oil or Ghee – Used for binding the dough and imparting a smooth texture.
3. Salt – To enhance the flavor.
4. Water – To knead the dough to the right consistency.

Optional ingredients for flavored kakhra:

1. Spices and Herbs – Turmeric, red chili powder, cumin seeds, or ajwain (carom seeds) for
a traditional taste.
2. Seasonings – Garlic, onion powder, or dried fenugreek leaves for enhanced flavors.
3. Additives – Sesame seeds or flaxseeds for added crunch and health benefits.

Fig 2.1.1- Flour Fig 2.1.2 – Oil Fig 2.1.3- Salt Fig 2.1.4- Water

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2.2 Preparation Process

1. Kneading the Dough:

 Combine whole wheat flour, salt, and spices in a bowl.

 Add oil or ghee and mix until the mixture becomes crumbly.
 Gradually add water and knead into a firm but pliable dough. Let the dough rest for 15-20
minutes for better elasticity.

2. Rolling the Dough:

 Divide the dough into small balls.

 Roll each ball into a thin, round sheet, similar to a tortilla or chapati. The thinner the
sheet, the crispier the kakhra.

3. Roasting the Kakhra:

 Heat a flat griddle (tava) on medium heat.

 Place the rolled dough on the griddle and cook one side partially before flipping.
 Use a clean, dry cloth to press down on the kakhra while rotating it on the griddle. This
ensures even cooking and prevents puffing.
 Continue flipping and pressing until both sides are golden brown and crisp.

4. Flavoring (Optional):

 Brush the kakhra with oil or ghee while it’s still warm.
 Sprinkle additional spices or seasonings for flavored variants, such as masala kakhra or
methi kakhra.

5. Cooling and Storage:

 Allow the kakhra to cool completely on a wire rack to prevent condensation.

 Store in an airtight container to retain crispness and prevent moisture absorption.

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 AICTE Activity Point Program Report on “Food Packaging and Preservation”

Variations of Kakhra
Kakhra comes in a variety of flavors to cater to diverse taste preferences, including:

 Plain Kakhra: Traditional and simple, highlighting the natural flavor of wheat.
 Masala Kakhra: Enhanced with spices like chili powder, coriander, and cumin.
 Methi Kakhra: Infused with dried fenugreek leaves for a slightly bitter, aromatic taste.
 Jeera (Cumin) Kakhra: Seasoned with roasted cumin for a warm, earthy flavor.
 Multigrain Kakhra: Made using a mix of flours like oats, millet, and wheat for added
nutrition.

Kakhra preparation is an art that balances precision and creativity, with endless scope for
innovation while staying true to its traditional roots. Its long shelf life, especially when paired
with proper packaging techniques, makes it a popular snack both in India and abroad.

Fig 2.2 Variations in Kakhra

2.3 Innovative methods that impart a signature taste.

The distinct flavor of kakhra is a result of a combination of traditional recipes and innovative
methods. These methods, while rooted in age-old techniques, have been refined and modernized
to enhance the snack’s unique taste and texture.

1.Customize Spice Blends:

Each variety of kakhra has its signature spice mix, crafted through precise blending and roasting
of ingredients. For example, a methi (fenugreek) Kakhra uses dried fenugreek leaves, while a
jeera (cumin) kakhra relies on roasted and ground cumin for its distinctive aroma and taste.

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2.Use Traditional and modern techniques:

The slow-roasting process on a hot griddle is critical to achieving kakhra’s crispy texture and
nutty flavor. Modern automated griddles mimic this technique, ensuring uniform heat
distribution while preserving the traditional taste.

3.Infusion of Flavored Oils ,Ghee:

Lightly brushing flavored oils or ghee on the kakhra during the roasting process enhances its
richness and depth of flavor. This step is particularly significant in premium or specialty
varieties.

4.Natural Additives for Unique Flavors:

Incorporating natural ingredients such as sesame seeds, garlic, dried vegetables, or herbs not only
enhances flavor but also boosts nutritional value. These additives are carefully selected and
processed to retain their freshness.

5. Innovative Preservation of Ingredients:

Advanced techniques like vacuum-sealing spices and dehydrating ingredients ensure that the
flavors remain intact from preparation to packaging. This consistency in taste adds to the
kakhra's distinctiveness.

6. Consistent Dough Preparation and Fermentation:

The precise kneading and optional fermentation of dough allow flavors to develop naturally,
adding a subtle complexity to the taste. For example, slight fermentation can enhance the
tanginess in certain varieties.

Summary

Kakhra, a cherished Gujarati snack, owes its enduring appeal to its simple yet versatile
ingredients and a meticulous preparation process. The key ingredients—whole wheat flour, oil or
ghee, and water—form the base, while spices, herbs, and optional additives like sesame seeds or
fenugreek elevate its flavor profile. The preparation process, from kneading the dough to
roasting on a flat griddle, is an art that demands precision. Ensuring even cooking and a crispy
texture, kakhra is finished with optional flavor enhancements such as brushing with ghee or
sprinkling additional spices.

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 AICTE Activity Point Program Report on “Food Packaging and Preservation”

Chapter-3

Current Challenges in Textile Waste Management

3.1 Introduction

Socio-Economic Significance of Kakhra

Kakhra, a humble yet iconic snack from Gujarat, holds profound socio-economic significance,
reflecting its impact on cultural heritage, community livelihood, and broader market dynamics.

1. Cultural Heritage and Tradition

 Preserving Culinary Identity: Kakhra represents the culinary traditions of Gujarat,

embodying the region’s expertise in creating healthy and sustainable snacks. Its
preparation techniques and flavors have been passed down through generations, keeping
cultural practices alive.
 Festive and Daily Consumption: Often enjoyed during festivals and as an everyday
snack, kakhra bridges the gap between celebratory and routine meals, enriching the
cultural tapestry of Indian cuisine.

2. Economic Opportunities

 Employment Generation: Kakhra production provides employment to thousands,

particularly in regions like Gujarat and Rajasthan. Many small-scale industries, self-help
groups, and women-led cooperatives depend on kakhra manufacturing for their
livelihoods.
 Support for Agriculture: Ingredients such as wheat, fenugreek, and cumin are sourced
from local farmers, boosting agricultural economies. The demand for quality raw
materials promotes sustainable farming practices.
 Export Market: With growing international appeal, kakhra contributes to India’s export
sector, opening markets in countries like the USA, UAE, and Canada. This global
demand enhances India’s economic footprint in the food and beverage industry.

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3. Empowerment of Women

 Skill Development and Entrepreneurship: Kakhra-making, often a home-based

industry, empowers women by providing them with an opportunity to contribute
economically. Many women transition from household producers to successful
entrepreneurs in this sector.
 Cooperative Models: Women-centric cooperatives have been instrumental in
standardizing production, improving packaging, and accessing wider markets, promoting
financial independence.

4. Health and Nutrition Sector

 Health-Conscious Consumers: The nutritious profile of kakhra, being low in fat and
high in fiber, appeals to modern consumers prioritizing health and wellness. Its
innovative flavors also cater to dietary preferences such as low-calorie and gluten-free
diets.
 Brand Value and Awareness: Brands like Induben Khakhrawala have elevated kakhra
from a local snack to a health-conscious global product, positioning it as a premium
choice for urban and international markets.

5. Sustainability and Innovation

 Eco-Friendly Practices: Many producers adopt sustainable packaging and eco-friendly

production methods, reflecting the growing consumer preference for environmentally
responsible products.
 Rural-Urban Connect: Kakhra serves as a bridge, bringing rural traditions to urban
markets, fostering a connection between these demographics while offering value to both.

6. Tourism and Global Identity

 Culinary Tourism: Kakhra attracts tourists eager to experience authentic Gujarati

flavors, indirectly supporting the hospitality and tourism industries.

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 Global Recognition: As a representative of Indian snacks, kakhra has found a place in

international food markets, showcasing India’s culinary diversity on the global stage.

3.2 Contribution to Local Livelihoods in Gujarat Through Kakhra

Production

Kakhra production, a hallmark of Gujarat's culinary heritage, has emerged as a critical

contributor to the socio-economic development of the state. By generating employment,
empowering local communities, and promoting traditional skills, this industry significantly
uplifts local livelihoods.

1. Employment Creation

 Direct Employment: The kakhra industry provides jobs to thousands of workers across
Gujarat, especially in cities like Ahmedabad and rural areas where small-scale and
cottage industries thrive. Roles span dough preparation, rolling, roasting, and packaging.
 Indirect Employment: Ancillary sectors such as transportation, logistics, raw material
supply, and machinery maintenance also benefit, creating a broader employment
ecosystem.

2. Empowering Rural Communities

 Skill-Based Opportunities: Rural artisans and workers gain access to skill-based jobs in
kakhra manufacturing. Many of these individuals rely on traditional knowledge, which
has been passed down through generations.
 Alternative Livelihoods: For communities heavily reliant on agriculture, kakhra
production serves as an alternative or supplementary source of income, particularly
during off-seasons.

3. Women’s Empowerment

 Home-Based Work: Many women participate in kakhra-making from their homes,

earning a livelihood while balancing household responsibilities.

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 Economic Independence: Women-led cooperatives and self-help groups involved in

kakhra production have fostered financial independence and improved social status for
women in rural Gujarat.

4. Support for Local Farmers

 Demand for Raw Materials: The kakhra industry relies heavily on agricultural produce,
such as wheat, spices, and herbs, sourced locally. This ensures stable demand for farmers,
particularly small-scale growers.
 Agro-Economic Impact: By creating value-added products from basic crops, the kakhra
industry enhances profitability for the agricultural sector.

5. Promotion of Traditional Skills

 Skill Preservation: Kakhra-making preserves Gujarat's traditional culinary skills,

ensuring that expertise in rolling and roasting techniques continues to be relevant and
economically viable.
 Skill Development Programs: Training initiatives organized by businesses and NGOs help
workers refine their techniques and adapt to modern manufacturing processes.

6. Encouraging Entrepreneurship

 Small Business Growth: The kakhra industry supports numerous family-run businesses and
small enterprises, fostering entrepreneurship at the grassroots level.
 Scaling Opportunities: Many local producers have expanded their businesses to cater to national
and international markets, creating ripple effects in job creation and economic growth.

7. Strengthening Export Markets

 Global Recognition: Gujarat’s kakhra, especially from renowned brands like Induben
Khakhrawala, has gained international fame, increasing export revenues.
 Economic Benefits: The international demand for kakhra brings foreign exchange into Gujarat,
benefiting local producers and enhancing infrastructure development.

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8. Boost to the Rural Economy

 Local Development: The establishment of kakhra production units in rural areas

stimulates regional economic growth and reduces urban migration by providing jobs
locally.
 Community Strengthening: Collaborations among workers, cooperatives, and small
enterprises foster stronger social ties and collective prosperity.

3.3 Expansion of small-scale enterprises

The kakhra industry in Gujarat exemplifies the flourishing growth of small-scale industries
(SSIs), driven by the demand for traditional snacks both domestically and internationally. This
growth has been fueled by factors such as government support, innovation, and the
entrepreneurial spirit of small-scale producers. Here's a detailed look at how this sector
contributes to the rise of SSIs:

1. Accessibility of Small-Scale Production

One of the primary drivers behind the growth of small-scale kakhra production is the low entry
barriers for new entrepreneurs. The basic equipment required for production—such as rolling
boards, griddles, and packaging tools—is both affordable and easily accessible. This allows
aspiring entrepreneurs to enter the market with minimal investment. Many kakhra producers start
with home-based units, which fosters family collaboration and allows small operations to
gradually scale up as demand increases. This accessibility empowers individuals to venture into
the kakhra business and grow their enterprises over time.

2. Economic Contribution
The kakhra sector plays a significant role in generating employment, especially in rural and
semi-urban areas of Gujarat. Small-scale kakhra units often provide jobs to unskilled and semi-
skilled workers, thereby contributing to local economic development. Additionally, the growth of
SSIs has a multiplier effect on ancillary industries. The increased demand for raw materials such
as flour, spices, and packaging supplies boosts businesses involved in flour milling, spice
grinding, and packaging materials. This interdependence among small businesses creates a robust
local economy, fostering growth across various sectors.

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3. Government Support
The Government of Gujarat and the Indian government have recognized the importance of small-
scale industries in the kakhra sector and have provided support through various schemes.
Financial assistance programs like MUDRA loans, along with subsidies for food processing
units, have made it easier for entrepreneurs to access capital. Additionally, skill development
initiatives by organizations such as the Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
(MSME) offer training in modern food processing and packaging techniques, ensuring that
small-scale kakhra producers stay competitive in the market.

4. Innovation and Technology Integration

Small-scale kakhra producers have embraced modernization and technological advancements to
enhance production efficiency while preserving quality. The adoption of automated rolling and
roasting machines has allowed these producers to scale operations without compromising the
traditional flavor and texture of kakhra. Digital marketing, including the use of e-commerce
platforms, has also become a powerful tool for small businesses to reach a global audience. By
leveraging online platforms, entrepreneurs can sell their products directly to customers,
expanding their market reach beyond local borders and increasing sales.

5. Contribution to Rural Development

Small-scale kakhra production has had a significant impact on rural development in Gujarat.
Many of these units are based in villages, where they provide local employment and reduce the
migration of rural residents to urban centers in search of jobs. Moreover, small-scale producers
often collaborate and form cooperatives, pooling resources to negotiate better prices for raw
materials and gain better access to markets. These cooperatives not only improve the economic
standing of individual producers but also enhance the collective bargaining power of rural
entrepreneurs.

6. Catering to Diverse Markets

Small-scale kakhra producers are known for their ability to cater to a wide range of market
preferences by offering customized and unique flavors. These producers differentiate themselves
from larger brands by offering diverse kakhra varieties that cater to both local tastes and niche
markets. Additionally, focusing on the authenticity and traditional flavors of kakhra has helped
these small businesses tap into export opportunities, particularly in countries with large Indian

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diasporas, such as the USA, UAE, and the UK. By emphasizing traditional recipes and
handmade products, small-scale producers can carve out a unique space in the competitive global
snack market.

7. Challenges and Overcoming Them

Despite their growth, small-scale kakhra producers face several challenges. One major issue is
limited capital, which often hampers the ability to scale up operations. However, government
schemes and microfinance institutions have provided critical financial support to overcome this
barrier. Ensuring consistent quality can also be a challenge for small-scale producers, but training
programs and affordable technologies have helped producers meet regulatory standards. Another
challenge is competition from large, established brands, but small-scale producers have
overcome this by emphasizing the handcrafted nature of their products, offering personalized
services, and innovating with unique flavors that appeal to consumers.

8. Sustainability and Eco-Friendly Practices

Sustainability is becoming an increasingly important focus for small-scale kakhra producers.
Many of these businesses source their ingredients locally, reducing costs and supporting regional
farmers. This practice not only helps reduce transportation costs but also ensures the freshness of
the ingredients used in kakhra production. Furthermore, a growing number of small-scale kakhra
producers have adopted eco-friendly packaging, including biodegradable and recyclable
materials, in response to consumer demand for sustainable products. This commitment to
sustainability helps these small businesses stand out in an increasingly environmentally
conscious market.

Summary

The socio-economic significance of kakhra extends beyond its role as a snack. It contributes to
cultural preservation, economic empowerment, health and wellness, and global culinary
recognition. Its impact on rural livelihoods, gender equality, and sustainable practices
underscores its role as not just a food product but as a catalyst for economic and social progress.

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 AICTE Activity Point Program Report on “Food Packaging and Preservation”

Chapter-4
Market Expansion and Commercial Strategy of the Kakhra
Industry
The commercialization of kakhra, a traditional Gujarati snack, has experienced considerable
growth, especially with the increased popularity of regional foods on a global scale. In this
context, Induben Khakhrawala stands as a key example of how small-scale industries can scale
production while retaining authenticity, innovation, and quality. This section explores the
commercialization strategies in the kakhra industry, with a specific focus on how Induben
Khakhrawala has capitalized on these factors to expand both domestically and internationally.

4.1 Commercialization of Kakhra

The kakhra industry, historically dominated by small-scale, family-owned units, has evolved in
recent years to cater to a larger audience, thanks to improvements in production methods,
distribution channels, and marketing strategies. The commercialization efforts in the kakhra
sector are evident through the adoption of new technologies, branding initiatives, and expanding
market presence. Induben Khakhrawala, founded in the 1960s, has been at the forefront of this
commercialization process.

1. Scaling Up Production
Initially, kakhra production was mainly confined to small, home-based units. However, as
demand for the snack grew, producers like Induben Khakhrawala adopted modern
manufacturing processes. The company integrated automated machinery, such as
automated rolling and roasting machines, which allowed them to scale production while
maintaining the traditional qualities that define the kakhra’s flavor and texture. This
scaling up has enabled Induben Khakhrawala to meet both local and global demand,
reaching markets in countries like the USA and UAE.
2. Branding and Packaging Innovation
Induben Khakhrawala has successfully utilized branding and packaging to stand out in
the competitive snack market. The company’s distinctive logo and branding strategies
emphasize the traditional yet innovative nature of their products, appealing to both the

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nostalgia of older generations and the curiosity of newer, younger consumers.

Additionally, packaging innovations, including Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP),
have enabled the company to preserve the kakhra’s freshness and crispness for a longer
shelf life, addressing one of the main challenges of maintaining product quality during
long-distance transport. The use of eco-friendly, biodegradable packaging also aligns
with consumer preferences for sustainable practices, further enhancing the brand’s
reputation.
3. Product Diversification
Induben Khakhrawala has expanded its product line beyond traditional kakhra to include
flavored variations such as masala kakhra, methi kakhra, and multigrain kakhra. By
incorporating a variety of spices and ingredients, the company has catered to diverse
consumer tastes, which has been crucial for maintaining competitiveness in both local
and international markets. These product variants are marketed to different segments,
ranging from health-conscious consumers who prefer multigrain kakhra to those who
enjoy spicier options like masala kakhra.
4. Digital Marketing and E-Commerce
The rise of online shopping platforms has played a significant role in expanding the reach
of kakhra, especially for small-scale producers like Induben Khakhrawala. The company
has embraced digital marketing and e-commerce to directly reach consumers across India
and in international markets. With an increasing demand for traditional Indian snacks
worldwide, the online presence of Induben Khakhrawala allows customers in the USA,
UK, UAE, and other countries with large Indian communities to access authentic kakhra
products. Digital marketing strategies, including social media campaigns and targeted
advertisements, have allowed the company to engage with younger, tech-savvy
consumers and create a global brand presence.

Fig 4.1 Induben Khakhrawala

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4.2 Market Analysis

The market for kakhra is diverse, with growing demand from both local consumers in India and
international buyers, particularly within regions with significant Indian diasporas. The increasing
awareness of traditional Indian foods, coupled with the growing global demand for healthy
snacks, has created a favorable environment for kakhra commercialization.

1. Domestic Market
The domestic market for kakhra has been steadily expanding, especially as the middle
class in India grows and the demand for ready-to-eat, nutritious snacks increases. The
convenience of packaged kakhra, combined with its long shelf life, makes it a popular
snack choice for busy consumers. In India, Induben Khakhrawala’s products are widely
available in supermarkets, retail chains, and through online platforms, contributing to the
brand’s growth.
2. International Market
One of the key areas of growth for Induben Khakhrawala has been its expansion into
international markets. With a strong presence in countries like the USA, UAE, Canada,
and the UK, the company has tapped into the large Indian diaspora seeking authentic
Indian snacks. The growing interest in healthy and ethnic foods has also opened up
opportunities for the kakhra industry to reach broader, non-Indian consumers who are
seeking unique and crunchy snacks with minimal preservatives. To cater to international
preferences, Induben Khakhrawala has focused on maintaining the traditional taste while
introducing convenient packaging solutions.
3. Competition and Market Differentiation
While kakhra is gaining popularity, it also faces competition from larger snack brands
that produce similar products. To differentiate itself, Induben Khakhrawala has
emphasized its commitment to quality, traditional recipes, and innovative packaging
solutions. By positioning itself as a premium product with authentic flavors, the company
has created a niche market. The company’s focus on customizations, such as flavored
variants, also helps it stand out in a crowded market.
4. Consumer Trends
The growing consumer preference for healthy and traditional snacks, combined with an

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increased interest in sustainability, is shaping the kakhra market. Induben Khakhrawala

has tapped into these trends by using natural ingredients, eco-friendly packaging, and
focusing on the health-conscious variants of kakhra. The adoption of smart packaging,
such as Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and the use of biodegradable materials,
has resonated with environmentally aware consumers, further boosting the brand’s
appeal.
5. Challenges and Future Prospects
Despite the positive growth, the kakhra industry faces challenges such as fluctuating raw
material prices and maintaining consistent quality across large-scale production.
However, Induben Khakhrawala has responded to these challenges by investing in
technology, employee training, and quality control processes to maintain high standards.
In the future, as the global demand for healthy, traditional snacks continues to rise, there
are opportunities for further market expansion and innovation in product offerings.

4.3 Pricing and Customer Reach in the Kakhra Industry

Pricing and customer reach are crucial to the commercial success of any product, and in the case
of Induben Khakhrawala, these factors have been essential to expanding their market presence
both locally and internationally.

Induben Khakhrawala has strategically adopted a competitive pricing model to ensure its
products remain accessible to a wide range of consumers while still reflecting the premium
quality of ingredients used in production. The pricing structure is designed to offer excellent
value for money, with slight variations based on the type of kakhra, such as the traditional plain
variety versus premium versions like multigrain or masala kakhra. This pricing approach ensures
that the products cater to different consumer needs, with affordable options for the domestic
market and premium offerings targeting the export market. The company has also been able to
keep its prices aligned with market trends, balancing affordability and quality.

The target market for Induben Khakhrawala is diverse. Domestically, the brand appeals to
middle-class families who appreciate traditional snacks, health-conscious individuals looking for
high-fiber and low-fat options, and younger customers drawn to innovative flavors and varieties.
Internationally, the brand focuses on the Indian diaspora and global consumers who are curious

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about authentic, traditional Indian snacks. Countries like the USA, UAE, and Canada, where
there is a significant population of Indian-origin people, have been key markets for Induben
Khakhrawala. By offering different packaging sizes and price points, the company has been able
to cater to both budget-conscious consumers and those willing to pay a premium for unique,
high-quality flavors.

In terms of market penetration, Induben Khakhrawala has successfully established its products in
various domestic and international distribution channels. Within India, the company has
partnered with local retailers, supermarkets, and grocery stores to make its products widely
accessible to consumers. The brand has also expanded its reach through e-commerce platforms,
enabling it to connect with customers from around the world. These online channels have
allowed Induben Khakhrawala to access global markets and cater to international customers,
especially those in regions with a significant Indian community. Furthermore, by focusing on
strategic partnerships with international retail chains, the brand has made substantial inroads into
markets beyond India, ensuring its products reach a broader audience.

Customer engagement is another area where Induben Khakhrawala excels. The company
interacts with its customers through various platforms, including social media, online
promotions, and personalized services. The brand's focus on building customer loyalty is evident
in its consistent interaction with consumers, taking feedback to refine product offerings and
pricing strategies. Additionally, the brand's packaging plays a significant role in engaging
customers, often invoking a sense of nostalgia while highlighting the high quality and
authenticity of the product. By maintaining strong customer relationships and adapting to their
preferences, Induben Khakhrawala ensures high levels of customer satisfaction, encouraging
repeat business and fostering brand loyalty.

In summary, through strategic pricing, targeting a broad range of consumer segments, and
employing effective distribution channels, Induben Khakhrawala has successfully expanded its
customer reach. These efforts have allowed the brand to maintain a strong presence in both
domestic and international markets, contributing to its ongoing success in the competitive kakhra
industry.

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Chapter-5

Health and Nutritional Aspects of Kakhra

Kakhra—a traditional thin and crispy flatbread or snack from Gujarat—is not only a convenient
food item but also a nutritionally beneficial addition to meals. Kakhra is typically made from
whole wheat flour and can include a variety of additional ingredients such as spices, sesame
seeds, methi (fenugreek leaves), and jaggery, depending on regional and individual variations.

5.1 Nutritional Composition

1. Whole Wheat Flour:

o High Fiber Content: Whole wheat flour is rich in dietary fiber, which aids in
digestion, promotes satiety, and helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels.
o Complex Carbohydrates: These provide sustained energy without causing rapid
spikes in blood sugar levels, making it an excellent option for weight and blood
sugar management.
o B Vitamins and Minerals: Wheat flour contains vitamins like B1, B3, and B6,
along with minerals such as magnesium, zinc, and iron, supporting overall health.
2. Sesame Seeds (Optional Ingredient):
o Rich in Healthy Fats: Sesame seeds provide polyunsaturated and
monounsaturated fats, essential for heart health.
o Calcium and Magnesium: These minerals contribute to bone health and support
muscle function.
o Antioxidants: Sesamin and sesamol compounds help combat oxidative stress and
inflammation.
3. Methi (Fenugreek Leaves):
o Anti-Inflammatory Properties: Rich in antioxidants and compounds that reduce
inflammation.
o Fiber and Iron: Fenugreek enhances digestion and improves hemoglobin levels
due to its iron content.
4. Jaggery (Optional Sweetener):

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o Natural Energy Source: Like in Umadi chutney, jaggery provides sustained

energy and is a healthier alternative to refined sugars.
o Detoxification Properties: Aids in liver function and promotes toxin removal.
5. Spices (Cumin, Coriander, and Red Chili Powder):
o Digestive Benefits: Spices stimulate digestive enzymes, aiding in nutrient
absorption.
o Anti-Inflammatory Effects: Red chili powder's capsaicin boosts metabolism,
while cumin and coriander reduce bloating and inflammation.

5.2 Health Benefits of Kakhra

1. Promotes Digestive Health:

o The high fiber content in whole wheat and methi aids in digestion and prevents
constipation. Spices further enhance digestive enzyme production.
2. Supports Weight Management:
o Kakhra, being a low-calorie and nutrient-dense food, can be included in weight
management diets. Fiber ensures a feeling of fullness, reducing unnecessary
snacking.
3. Provides Sustained Energy:
o The complex carbohydrates in whole wheat and jaggery’s slow energy release
make it a suitable snack for sustained energy throughout the day.
4. Boosts Bone Health:
o Ingredients like sesame seeds and methi add a dose of calcium and magnesium,
essential for strong bones and teeth.
5. Heart Health:
o The fiber, healthy fats, and spices work in tandem to regulate cholesterol levels
and improve circulation.

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5.3 Eco-Friendly and Versatile

Kakhra is a sustainable and plant-based food product that often uses locally sourced ingredients.
Its shelf-stable nature makes it eco-friendly and reduces food waste. The absence of
preservatives or artificial additives in homemade or traditionally prepared Kakhra ensures a
clean-label product, appealing to health-conscious consumers.

Summary

Kakhra is more than just a snack; it is a nutritionally balanced food that supports digestive
health, energy levels, and overall well-being. Its ingredients mirror the wholesome ethos of
Umadi chutney, providing both taste and health benefits. Whether consumed as a standalone
snack or paired with chutneys like Umadi, Kakhra stands out as a culturally rich and health-
promoting option in Indian cuisine.

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Chapter 6:

Challenges and Opportunities of Kakhra

Kakhra, a traditional crispy flatbread, has the potential to be a successful commercial product,
especially with increasing consumer interest in regional and healthy snacks. However, its journey
toward commercial scalability comes with challenges, including maintaining authenticity,
ensuring quality, and meeting market demands. This chapter explores these challenges and
highlights the opportunities for Kakhra in both domestic and international markets.

6.1 Challenges in Maintaining Authenticity with Commercialization

As Kakhra transitions from a handcrafted, locally consumed snack to a widely available product,
several challenges emerge:

 Balancing Traditional Preparation and Mass Production:

o Traditional Kakhra-making involves slow roasting and careful handling to
achieve its signature crispiness and flavor. Scaling this process for mass
production may compromise its authenticity. Automation can result in
inconsistencies in texture and taste, which could affect consumer trust.
Manufacturers must adopt innovative techniques that replicate traditional methods
while ensuring efficiency.
 Quality of Ingredients:
o The quality of whole wheat, spices, and additional ingredients like sesame seeds
or fenugreek leaves plays a crucial role in the taste and health benefits of Kakhra.
Sourcing premium, locally grown ingredients while managing production costs is
a key challenge, especially during periods of high demand.
 Cultural Identity:
o Kakhra’s strong association with Gujarati cuisine is one of its unique selling
points. As the product enters larger and more diverse markets, there is a risk of

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losing its cultural identity. Ensuring that Kakhra remains tied to its roots while
appealing to a broader audience requires careful branding and marketing
strategies.
 Packaging and Shelf Life:
o Ensuring the crispiness of Kakhra during long storage periods and transportation
is a challenge. Proper packaging innovations are necessary to maintain freshness,
especially for international markets where transit times can be longer.

6.2 Opportunities for Growth and Expansion

Despite the challenges, Kakhra holds significant potential for growth. Key opportunities include:

a. Expansion to National and International Markets

 Risk:
With increasing health consciousness, consumers are seeking low-calorie, preservative-
free snacks. Kakhra, being plant-based and baked rather than fried, fits well into this
trend.
 Export:
Kakhra can cater to the Indian diaspora in countries like the United States, the United
Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, where there is a growing appreciation for Indian
snacks. Additionally, its low-fat, high-fiber composition makes it appealing to health-
conscious consumers in global markets.

b. Digital Transformation and Online Sales

 E-Commerce:
Platforms like Amazon, Flipkart, and health food-specific websites provide access to a
global customer base. Selling Kakhra online allows smaller brands to bypass traditional
retail challenges and reach customers directly.
 SocialMedia:
Digital campaigns focusing on Kakhra’s health benefits, cultural significance, and
versatile uses (as a snack, with chutneys, or with dips) can enhance its visibility.

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Collaborations with influencers and recipe creators can introduce Kakhra to younger
audiences.

c. Product Diversification

 Flavors:
Introducing diverse flavors like masala, methi, garlic, or even fusion flavors (e.g., peri-
peri or cheese) can cater to varying consumer tastes.
 PortionSizes:
Offering Kakhra in smaller, single-serving packs appeals to on-the-go consumers and
encourages trial purchases. Family packs can target bulk buyers.

d. Collaborations and Partnerships

 Foodservice:
Collaborating with cafes, restaurants, and airlines to include Kakhra in their menu
offerings or as an accompaniment can boost brand visibility.
 Retailships:
Placement in premium grocery stores and health food chains can position Kakhra as a
premium, healthy snack.

e. Sustainability and Ethical Sourcing

 Eco-Friendly:
Highlighting sustainability through biodegradable or recyclable packaging aligns with
global trends in environmental consciousness.
 Farmers:
Partnering with local wheat and spice producers not only ensures ingredient quality but
also promotes fair trade and community development.

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6.3 Case Studies and Lessons for Kakhra

1. Masala Powders (Everest Spices):

o Overview: Everest spices expanded successfully by balancing authenticity and
scalability.
o Lesson for Kakhra: Standardizing production processes without compromising
taste can help Kakhra appeal to wider markets.
2. Indian Pickles (Mother’s Recipe):
o Overview: Mother’s Recipe retained traditional flavors while adapting packaging
and ingredients for export markets.
o Lesson for Kakhra: Highlighting health benefits and offering diverse flavor
options can enhance Kakhra’s appeal internationally.
3. Dairy Products (Amul):
o Overview: Amul leveraged local cooperatives to ensure sustainable sourcing and
quality.
o Lesson for Kakhra: Partnering with local farmers for ingredients ensures
authenticity and supports rural communities.
4. Small-Scale Industry Support (KVIC):
o Overview: KVIC promotes traditional products through financial and marketing
assistance.
o Lesson for Kakhra: Leveraging government schemes for funding and training
can support Kakhra’s scaling efforts while preserving traditional methods.

Summary

Scaling Kakhra for commercial success requires careful navigation of challenges like
maintaining quality and cultural identity during mass production. However, its health benefits,
versatility, and association with regional cuisine present immense opportunities for growth. By
targeting health-conscious consumers, leveraging e-commerce platforms, diversifying product
offerings, and forming strategic partnerships, Kakhra can establish itself as a popular, globally
recognized snack.

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Chapter 7

Sustainability and Cultural Preservation in the Production

of Kakhra

Sustainability and cultural preservation are integral to the continued success and growth of
traditional food products like Kakhra. This chapter examines how the production of Kakhra—a
delicacy deeply rooted in the culinary heritage of North Karnataka—can adapt to meet modern
sustainability and market demands while maintaining its cultural authenticity.

7.1 Sustaining Traditional Practices in the Making of Kakhra

Kakhra, traditionally prepared using locally sourced ingredients such as jowar (sorghum),
sesame seeds, and jaggery, holds a distinct place in Karnataka’s cuisine. These ingredients are
combined using techniques honed over generations, often involving slow cooking and manual
blending to achieve the unique texture and flavor that defines the dish.

Preserving these practices is essential for maintaining the authenticity of Kakhra. However,
challenges arise when scaling production to meet rising demand. Modern technology, such as
semi-automated mixing and energy-efficient cooking methods, can provide an opportunity to
strike a balance between maintaining traditional techniques and ensuring efficiency in larger-
scale production.

Challenges and Opportunities:

 Consistency in Flavor and Texture: Scaling up production might compromise the

quality of Kakhra, particularly its characteristic flavor. Careful calibration of processes is
essential to preserve its authenticity.
 Cultural Value: Retaining the identity of Kakhra as a symbol of regional pride while
introducing it to larger markets is critical to its success.

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7.2 Supporting Local Farmers and Producers

The production of Kakhra depends heavily on the availability of high-quality, locally grown
ingredients such as jowar, sesame, and jaggery. Sourcing these ingredients directly from farmers
not only ensures the use of authentic materials but also supports the regional economy.

Sustainable Farming Practices:

Producers can work with farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural methods, such as organic
farming, crop rotation, and water conservation techniques. Encouraging the use of native crop
varieties also helps preserve biodiversity while reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and
pesticides.

Economic Benefits for Farmers:

Through fair trade agreements and partnerships, farmers can benefit from a stable income,
fostering stronger rural economies. These collaborations can also empower small-scale producers
and create a supply chain rooted in ethical and sustainable practices.

7.3 Eco-Friendly Packaging and Waste Management

With increasing awareness of environmental concerns, eco-friendly packaging has become a

priority for food producers. Kakhra, often sold in traditional wrappers or plastic packaging, can
adopt sustainable alternatives to appeal to environmentally conscious consumers.

Packaging Innovations:

 Use of biodegradable or compostable materials, such as paper or plant-based plastics, for

wrapping Kakhra.
 Reusable containers or eco-friendly boxes that align with consumer preferences for
sustainable products.

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Waste Reduction:

Repurposing byproducts from Kakhra production, such as leftover jowar husks or sesame
residue, into animal feed or organic compost can further minimize waste and promote a circular
economy.

7.4 Promoting Fair-Trade Practices

Fair-trade certification ensures ethical treatment and equitable profit-sharing among farmers and
workers involved in Kakhra production. By adopting fair-trade practices, producers can enhance
the social and economic well-being of local communities while ensuring ethical transparency in
their supply chains.

Impact on Local Communities:

Adopting fair-trade practices provides economic stability and fosters trust between producers and
consumers. This approach aligns with global trends, where consumers increasingly favor
ethically produced food products.

7.5 Balancing Tradition with Modern Sustainability

Integrating traditional preparation methods with sustainable technology is essential for Kakhra's
growth. By utilizing renewable energy sources, such as solar-powered equipment for roasting
and grinding, producers can reduce their carbon footprint while preserving the artisanal quality
of Kakhra.

Research and Development:

Investing in research to optimize production techniques can enhance efficiency while retaining
the traditional essence of Kakhra. For instance, exploring solar drying or low-energy cooking
methods can contribute to sustainability without altering the taste or texture.

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7.6 Engaging with the Community for Cultural Preservation

To preserve the cultural significance of Kakhra, community engagement is essential. Producers

can collaborate with local organizations to organize food festivals, workshops, and exhibitions
showcasing the culinary heritage of North Karnataka.

Educational Programs:

Workshops and awareness campaigns can educate younger generations about the history,
preparation, and cultural value of Kakhra, ensuring its legacy endures. Partnering with schools
and non-profits can further promote sustainable practices in agriculture and food production.

Reducing the carbon footprint of Kakhra’s distribution is crucial for sustainability. By localizing
supply chains and partnering with regional distributors, producers can minimize transportation-
related emissions.

Direct-to-Consumer Sales:

Online sales and local market distribution allow Kakhra producers to connect directly with
consumers, bypassing intermediaries and reducing logistics costs. This approach also provides
greater control over product quality and authenticity.

7.7 Exploring Long-Term Sustainability Goals

Ethical Sourcing and Certifications:

Producers can collaborate with certification bodies to validate their sustainable practices, such as
organic or fair-trade labels, enhancing consumer trust and marketability.

Circular Economy:

Innovative solutions, such as repurposing waste materials into new products, can reduce
environmental impact and create additional revenue streams. For instance, sesame seed shells or
jowar residues could be used in biofuel or compost production.

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SUMMARY

The future of Kakhra lies in the balance between honoring its cultural roots and embracing
modern sustainability practices. By supporting local farmers, adopting eco-friendly packaging,
and promoting fair trade, Kakhra can achieve both economic growth and environmental
responsibility.

Through education, innovation, and community engagement, Kakhra producers can ensure the
preservation of this cherished North Karnataka delicacy while adapting to the evolving demands
of global markets. Sustainable practices, combined with a strong commitment to cultural
preservation, can position Kakhra as a symbol of tradition and innovation in the global culinary

landscape.

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Chapter 8

Conclusion

The journey of Kakhra production embodies a powerful story of how traditional foods can thrive
in modern markets while staying true to their cultural roots. This narrative highlights the
importance of preserving heritage in a rapidly changing food industry. Kakhra, a delicacy deeply
rooted in North Karnataka's culinary traditions, represents more than just a food product—it is a
cultural emblem. Its traditional preparation methods, passed down through generations, preserve
its authenticity and distinctive appeal.

As consumer preferences evolve toward natural, preservative-free, and health-conscious

products, the potential for Kakhra continues to grow. However, this growth must be carefully
managed to ensure that the essence of Kakhra—its handcrafted nature and connection to
Karnataka’s heritage—is never compromised.

The future of Kakhra lies in the delicate balance between honoring traditional practices and
embracing modern sustainability and market demands. Producers must invest in innovative
techniques to expand production without sacrificing the product’s artisanal quality. Research and
development into new variations and flavors can cater to diverse consumer preferences,
broadening Kakhra's appeal while retaining its core identity.

In an era where consumers prioritize environmentally and socially responsible choices, Kakhra
stands out as a product that embodies sustainability and cultural preservation. From ethical
sourcing of ingredients to eco-friendly packaging and waste management, the production of
Kakhra aligns with global efforts toward sustainability. These practices not only enhance the
product’s appeal to environmentally conscious consumers but also contribute to the economic
empowerment of local farmers and producers.

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References

1. R. Desai and A. Patil, “Traditional Food Products and Their Role in Cultural Identity: A Study
of North Karnataka,” Indian Journal of Cultural Studies, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 45-56, 2020.

2. M. Hiremath, “Sustainable Farming Practices for Traditional Ingredients in Karnataka,”

Agriculture and Rural Development Journal, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 23-30, 2019.

3. N. Bhat and K. Iyer, “The Role of Packaging Innovations in Promoting Regional Food
Products,” Food Marketing and Innovation Review, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 15-28, 2021.

4. S. Kulkarni, “Preservation and Commercialization of Indigenous Foods: Case Studies from

South India,” Journal of Food Heritage and Sustainability, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 60-70, 2020.

5. Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Government of India, Traditional Indian Foods:

Opportunities in the Global Market, 2021. Available: https://mofpi.gov.in.

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