This test is a part of Rau’s IAS Test series for Preliminary Exam 202 5

Test ID
GENERAL STUDIES (PAPER–I)
Test-10

MODERN INDIA-2

Time Allowed: 1 Hour Maximum Marks: 100

INSTRUCTIONS

1. IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION, YOU SHOULD CHECK

THAT THIS TEST BOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN or MISSING PAGES OR
ITEMS, ETC. IF SO, GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST BOOKLET.

2. This Test Booklet contains 50 items (questions). Each item is printed in English Only. Each item
comprises four responses (answers). You will select the response which you want to mark on the
Answer Sheet. In case you feel that there is more than one correct response, mark the response
which you consider the best. In any case, choose ONLY ONE response for each item.

3. You have to mark all your responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet (OMR sheet) provided.
Read the directions in the Answer Sheet.

4. All items carry equal marks.

5. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet the response to various items in the Test booklet,
you have to fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as per instructions contained therein.

6. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and the examination has
concluded, you should hand over to the Invigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to
take away with you the Test Booklet.

7. Penalty for wrong answers:

THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN THE

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.

(i) There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a
wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third of the marks assigned to that
question will be deducted as penalty.

(ii) If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one of
the given answers happens to be correct and there will be same penalty as above to that
question.

(iii) If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty for
that question.

This test is a part of Rau’s IAS Test series for Preliminary Exam 202 5
 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
1. With reference to the Indigo Revolt (1859- The Movement was:
60), consider the following statements: (a) The Pabna Movement
1. Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas (b) The Eka Movement
were related to the Indigo Revolt.
(c) The Indigo Revolt
2. The Bengali intelligentsia played a
(d) The Champaran Satyagraha
significant role by supporting the
peasants‟ cause through newspaper 4. With reference to the Mappila revolt,
consider the following statements:
campaigns.
1. The Mappilas were the Muslim
Which of the statements given above
tenants inhabiting the Bundelkhand
is/are correct?
region.
(a) 1 only
2. The leaders of the Khilafat-Non-
(b) 2 only Cooperation Movement, like Mahatma
Gandhi and Maulana Azad, addressed
(c) Both 1 and 2
the Mappila meetings.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Which of the statements given above
2. With reference to the Kisan Sabhas, is/are correct?
consider the following statements: (a) 1 only
1. In the United Provinces, the Kisan (b) 2 only
Sabhas were organised mainly due to
(c) Both 1 and 2
the efforts of the Home Rule activists.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. The United Provinces Kisan Sabha
5. With reference to the Bardoli Satyagraha,
was set-up by Dr. Rajendra Prasad
consider the following statements:
and Madan Mohan Malaviya.
1. During the Bardoli Satyagraha, the
Which of the statements given above
women of Bardoli gave Vallabhbhai
is/are correct? Patel the title of “Sardar”.
(a) 1 only 2. K.M. Munshi and Lalji Naranji
(b) 2 only resigned from the Bombay Legislative
Council in support of the Movement.
(c) Both 1 and 2
Which of the statements given above
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 is/are correct?
3. “The meetings of the Movement were (a) 1 only
marked by a religious ritual, in which a
(b) 2 only
hole, that represented the river Ganges,
(c) Both 1 and 2
was dug in the ground and filled with
water. A priest was brought in to preside (d) Neither 1 nor 2
and the assembled peasants vowed that 6. Which of the following persons was/were
they would pay only the recorded rent, related to the All-India Kisan Sabha?
but pay it on time, would not leave when
1. Swami Sahjanand Saraswati
ejected, would refuse to do forced labour,
would give no help to the criminals and 2. N.G. Ranga
abide by the Panchayat‟s decisions.” 3. Indulal Yagnik

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 1

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Select the correct answer using the code 3. Under this Act, a proceeding was
given below: instituted against the Amrita Bazar
Patrika.
(a) 1 only
Which of the statements given above
(b) 2 only
is/are correct?
(c) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 3 only
7. The Tebhaga Movement was related to
(c) 1 and 2 only
which of the following regions of the
British India? (d) 2 and 3 only
(a) The United Provinces 10. Consider the following pairs:
(b) Bengal S.N. Institution Established by
(c) Madras 1. Calcutta Jonathan
(d) The North-Western Provinces Madrasah Duncan
2. Sanskrit Warren
8. Consider the following pairs:
College Hastings
S.N. Newspaper Editor 3. Fort William Wellesley
1. Swadesamitran Surendranath College
Banerjea
How many of the above pairs is/are
2. Indian Mirror N.N. Sen correctly matched?
3. Sudharak Mahatma
(a) Only one
Gandhi
(b) Only two
4. Hindustan G.
Subramaniya (c) All three
Aiyar (d) None
How many of the above pairs is/are 11. With respect to the Charter Act of 1813,
correctly matched? consider the following statements:
(a) Only one 1. The Act directed the East India
(b) Only two Company to allocate ten lakh rupees
annually to promote modern
(c) Only three education in India.
(d) All four 2. The Calcutta College was established
9. With respect to the Vernacular Press Act, by Warren Hastings from the grant
1878, consider the following statements: sanctioned under this Act.

1. The Act allowed the District Which of the statements given above
Magistrate to confiscate the seditious is/are correct?
vernacular newspaper‟s printing (a) 1 only
presses and materials.
(b) 2 only
2. An appeal against the Magistrate's
action could be made in a court of (c) Both 1 and 2
law. (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 2

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12. With respect to Lord Macaulay‟s Minute Which of the statements given above
(1835), consider the following statements: is/are correct?

1. The Minute emphasized the promotion (a) 1 only

of vernacular languages of education (b) 2 only
over English education.
(c) Both 1 and 2
2. Macaulay rejected the „Downward
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Filtration Theory‟.
15. With reference to the Indian Universities
Which of the statements given above
Act, 1904, consider the following
is/are correct?
statements:
(a) 1 only
1. This Act was passed in accordance
(b) 2 only with the recommendations of the
Raleigh Commission.
(c) Both 1 and 2
2. The Act increased the government's
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
control over the universities.
13. With reference to the Wood‟s Despatch,
3. It aimed to improve the quality of
consider the following statements:
education by encouraging the
1. It recommended as vernacular universities to focus solely on
language the medium of instruction teaching.
for higher studies. Which of the statements given above
2. It laid stress on female and vocational is/are correct?
education. (a) 1 only
3. It recommended that education (b) 3 only
imparted in the government
(c) 1 and 2 only
institutions should be secular.
(d) 2 and 3 only
How many of the above statements is/are
correct? 16. With reference to the Saddler University
Commission, consider the following
(a) Only one
statements:
(b) Only two 1. The Commission recommended a
(c) All three Common Board for the secondary and
intermediate education.
(d) None
2. It emphasized that the university
14. With reference to the Hunter Education
should function as a centralized,
Commission, consider the following residential-teaching autonomous
statements: body.
1. The Commission recommended that Which of the statements given above
the primary education should be is/are correct?
imparted through vernacular.
(a) 1 only
2. It recommended the transfer of control
(b) 2 only
of primary education to the newly set-
up District and Municipal Boards. (c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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17. Consider the following information with 20. With reference to the Congress Socialist
reference to the history of India: Party, consider the following statements:

S.N. Leader Publication Place 1. The Party was formed in Bengal to

work inside the Indian National
1. S.A. Dange The Socialist Punjab
Congress.
2. Muzaffar Navayug Bengal
Ahmed 2. The Party was organized by C. R. Das
3. M. Labour- Madras and Motilal Nehru.
Singaravelu Kisan
Which of the statements given above
Gazette
is/are correct?
Which of the rows of information given
(a) 1 only
above is/are correctly matched?
(b) 2 only
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2

(c) 3 only (d) Neither 1 nor 2

(d) 1 and 3 only 21. Consider the following statements with

reference to the Indian National Congress
18. The „Independence for India League‟, in
(INC):
1928, was organized by whom of the
following? 1. The INC formed the Ministries in
Bombay and the Central Provinces
(a) Subhash Chandra Bose and Rash
under the Government of India Act,
Behari Bose
1935.
(b) Jawahar Lal Nehru and Subhash
2. The INC formed a „Parliamentary Sub-
Chandra Bose
Committee‟, with Sardar Patel and
(c) Bhagat Singh and Chandra Shekhar Rajendra Prasad as its members.
Azad
Which of the statements given above
(d) Sachindra Nath Sanyal and Bhagat
is/are correct?
Singh
(a) 1 only
19. Consider the following statements with
reference to the history of India: (b) 2 only

1. M. N. Roy formed the Communist (c) Both 1 and 2

Party of India in Kanpur.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
2. Muzaffar Ahmed organised the
22. Consider the following statements with
Labour-Swaraj Party outside the
reference to the Congress Ministries
framework of the Indian National
formed in 1937:
Congress.
1. The Congress Ministries in the
Which of the statements given above
Provinces repealed the Public Safety
is/are correct?
Acts.
(a) 1 only
2. The ban imposed by the British
(b) 2 only Government on the Communist Party
(c) Both 1 and 2 of India was lifted by the Congress
Ministries in the Provinces.
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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Which of the statements given above 1. Acceptance of the demand for a full-
is/are correct? fledged Pakistan.
(a) 1 only 2. The Provinces were to have full
autonomy and residual powers.
(b) 2 only
3. The Princely States were no longer to
(c) Both 1 and 2
be under the paramountcy of the
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 British Government.
23. Regarding the Congress Ministries‟ rule in Select the correct answer using the code
the Provinces from 1937-1939, consider given below:
the following statements:
(a) 2 and 3 only
1. The Government in the United
(b) 3 only
Provinces set-up a Labour Enquiry
Committee headed by Rajendra (c) 1 and 3 only
Prasad.
(d) 1, 2 and 3
2. The Labour Enquiry Committee
26. With reference to the recommendations of
recommended the formation of an
the Cripps Mission, consider the following
Arbitration Board and maternity
statements:
benefits to the women workers.
1. An Indian Union, with a „Dominion
Which of the statements given above
Status‟, would be set-up.
is/are correct?
2. After the end of World War-I, a
(a) 1 only
Constituent Assembly would be
(b) 2 only convened to frame a new Constitution.
(c) Both 1 and 2 Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(a) 1 only
24. With reference to the National Planning
Committee of 1938, consider the following (b) 2 only
statements:
(c) Both 1 and 2
1. The Committee was set-up under the
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Presidency of Subhash Chandra Bose.
27. With reference to the Nehru Report,
2. The Committee was chaired by
consider the following statements:
Jawahar Lal Nehru.
1. The Report recommended universal
3. The Committee brought out the
adult suffrage and equal rights for
„Bombay Plan‟.
women.
Which of the statements given above are
2. It accepted the principle of separate
correct?
communal electorates.
(a) 1 and 2 only
Which of the statements given above
(b) 2 and 3 only is/are correct?
(c) 1 and 3 only (a) 1 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 2 only
25. Which of the following was/were included (c) Both 1 and 2
in the Cabinet Mission Plan?
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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28. With reference to the Regulating Act, 31. With reference to the Government of India
1773, consider the following statements: Act, 1919 / Montague-Chelmsford
1. It recognised that the Company‟s role Reforms, consider the following
in India extended beyond trade, to statements:
administrative and political field. 1. Under this Act, the Indian Legislative
2. A Supreme Court of judicature was to Council at the Centre was replaced by
be established in Delhi. a bicameral system.

Which of the statements given above 2. The Act introduced dyarchy in the
is/are correct? Provinces.

(a) 1 only 3. The Act separated, for the first time,

the Provincial and the Central
(b) 2 only
budgets.
(c) Both 1 and 2
How many of the above statements is/are
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 correct?
29. With reference to the Indian Councils Act, (a) Only one
1861, consider the following statements:
(b) Only two
1. The Indian Councils Act,
1861, transformed India's Executive (c) All three
Council to function as a Cabinet on (d) None
the portfolio system.
32. Consider the following statements with
2. The Viceroy was allowed to issue
reference to the National Movement of
ordinances.
India:
Which of the statements given above
1. The All-India States‟ People‟s
is/are correct?
Conference (AISPC) was initiated by
(a) 1 only Balwantrai Mehta and G.R.
(b) 2 only Abhayankar.

(c) Both 1 and 2 2. The Haripura Session of the Indian

National Congress (INC) allowed
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
political activities in the Princely
30. With reference to the Indian Councils Act, States in the name of the INC.
1909/Morley-Minto Reforms, consider the
3. The Tripuri Session of the INC passed
following statements:
a resolution demanding „full
1. By this Act, an Indian member was responsible government‟ from the
taken, for the first time, in the rulers of the Princely States for the
Executive Council of the Governor- first time.
General.
Which of the statements given above are
2. It introduced separate electorates.
incorrect?
Which of the statements given above
(a) 1 and 2 only
is/are correct?
(b) 2 and 3 only
(a) 1 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

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33. Regarding the „Bombay Plan of 1944- 36. Consider the following statements:
1945‟, consider the following statements:
1. M. A. Jinnah became a member of the
1. It was devised by Jawahar Lal Nehru Central Legislative Council from
and Subash Chandra Bose. Bombay, under the system of separate
2. The Plan demanded comprehensive electorates.
land reform and cooperativisation of
2. The Government of India Act, 1935,
production.
rejected the communal demands of
Which of the statements given above separate electorates.
is/are correct?
Which of the statements given above
(a) 1 only
is/are correct?
(b) 2 only
(a) 1 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
34. Consider the following statements with
reference to the history of India during (d) Neither 1 nor 2
the British rule:
37. Consider the following pairs with
1. The Shimla Deputation demanded for reference to the Indian National
increased political representation for Movement:
the Muslims.
2. The Viceroy of India at the time of the S.N. Parallel Leader
Shimla Deputation was Lord Government
Hardinge. 1. Ballia (The Y.B. Chavan
Which of the statements given above United
is/are correct? Provinces)
(a) 1 only 2. Satara Nana Patil
(b) 2 only (Maharashtra)

(c) Both 1 and 2 3. Tamluk (Bengal) Ambika

Charan
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Mazumdar
35. With reference to the history of India
during the colonial period, consider the How many of the above pairs is/are
following statements: correctly matched?

1. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (a) Only one

introduced in India the system of
(b) Only two
separate electorates.
2. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad propagated (c) All three
nationalist ideas in the newspaper „Al (d) None
Hilal‟.
38. Consider the following statements:
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct? 1. The idea of the Indian National Army
(INA) was first conceived in Malaya by
(a) 1 only
Mohan Singh.
(b) 2 only
2. Subhash Chandra Bose set-up the
(c) Both 1 and 2 Provisional Government of Free India
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 in Rangoon.

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3. The INA battalion, commanded by Which of the statements given above
Shah Nawaz, participated in the is/are correct?
Imphal campaign. (a) 1 only
Which of the statements given above (b) 2 only
is/are correct?
(c) Both 1 and 2
(a) 1 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) 2 and 3 only 41. Consider the following statements with
(c) 1 and 3 only reference to the history of India:

(d) 1 and 2 only 1. The Factories Act of 1881 was

supported by most of the nationalist
39. Consider the following pairs with leaders.
reference to the working-class movements
2. G.S. Agarkar, through „Mahratta‟,
during the colonial India:
asked the mill-owners to make
S.N. Association / Leaders concessions to the workers.
Newspapers Which of the statements given above
1. Bharat Sramjeebi Sorabjee is/are correct?
Shapoorji (a) 1 only
Bengalee
(b) 2 only
2. Bombay Mill- Narayan
(c) Both1 and 2
hands Association Meghajee
Lokhanday (d) Neither 1 nor 2

3. Dinbandhu Sasipada 42. Consider the following statements with

reference to the Indian National
Banerjee
Movement:
How many of the above pairs is/are 1. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan led the
correctly matched? formation of the Khudai Khidmatgars.
(a) Only one 2. The Khudai Khidmatgars led a non-
(b) Only two violent movement during the Non-
Cooperation Movement.
(c) All three
Which of the statements given above
(d) None is/are correct?
40. Consider the following statements with (a) 1 only
reference to the All-India Trade Union
(b) 2 only
Congress (AITUC):
(c) Both1 and 2
1. Lokamanya Tilak was the first
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
president of the AITUC.
43. Regarding the „Karachi Session of the
2. The manifesto of the AITUC urged the
Indian National Congress‟, consider the
workers not to intervene in the following statements:
nationalist politics to gain favours
1. The Congress, at this Session,
from the British Government.
endorsed the Delhi Pact.

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2. The Congress, for the first time, 46. Consider the following statements with
defined the meaning of Swaraj for the reference to the Indian National Congress:
masses.
1. Jawahar Lal Nehru presided over the
3. The Karachi Resolution supported the Faizpur Session of 1936.
idea of state ownership of the key
2. The Agrarian Programme was adopted
industries.
at its Faizpur Session.
Which of the statements given above are
Which of the statements given above
correct?
is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) 1, 2 and 3
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
44. Consider the following statements with
47. With reference to the Government of India
reference to the history of India:
Act of 1935, consider the following
1. The Poona Pact increased the seats statements:
reserved for the „Depressed Classes‟ in
1. The representatives of the Princely
the Provincial Legislatures and the
States to the Federal Legislature were
Central Legislature.
to be elected by the people of the
2. Madan Mohan Malaviya and M.C. state.
Rajah did not agree with the
2. „Defence‟ and „Foreign Affairs‟
provisions mentioned in the Poona
remained under the control of the
Pact.
Federal Legislature.
Which of the statements given above
3. Under this Act, the elected ministers
is/are correct?
of the Provinces controlled all the
(a) 1 only Provincial Departments.
(b) 2 only Which of the statements given above are
incorrect?
(c) Both 1 and 2
(a) 1 and 2 only
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
(b) 2 and 3 only
45. Consider the following statements:
(c) 1 and 3 only
1. The Communal Award of 1932 allotted
separate electorate for the „Depressed (d) 1, 2 and 3
Classes‟ only.
48. With reference to the Indian National
2. The Indian National Congress Movement, consider the following
launched a protest against the statements:
provisions of the Communal Award.
1. The Quit India Movement was
Which of the statements given above launched by the Congress Working
is/are correct? Committee from its meeting at
Wardha.
(a) 1 only
2. Mahatma Gandhi called for the
(b) 2 only
complete abolition of tax payments to
(c) Both 1 and 2 the Zamindars, as part of the Quit
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 India Movement.

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Which of the statements given above 50. Consider the following statements with
is/are correct? reference to the Quit India Movement:
(a) 1 only 1. N.R. Sarkar and H.P. Mody supported
the government‟s suppression of the
(b) 2 only
Movement.
(c) Both 1 and 2
2. M.S. Aney resigned from the Viceroy‟s
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 Executive Council in response to
49. Regarding the „Quit India Movement‟, Gandhi‟s arrest.
consider the following statements: Which of the statements given above
1. Biju Patnaik and Jayaprakash is/are correct?
Narayan formed underground (a) 1 only
organisation to lead the Movement.
(b) 2 only
2. The Socialists and the Forward Bloc
(c) Both 1 and 2
members did not extent their support
to the Movement. (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Which of the statements given above
is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 10

Answers &
Explanations
of

TEST-10
GENERAL STUDIES (PAPER–I)

Modern India-2 2025

 ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS OF
Modern India-2 2025
GS Paper-I (Test ID : 0839)

1. Answer: (c) Statement 2 is incorrect: The United

Provinces Kisan Sabha was set-up in
Explanation:
1918 by Gauri Shankar Mishra and
In Bengal, the indigo planters, nearly all Indra Narayan Dwivedi. Madan Mohan
Europeans, exploited the local peasants Malaviya supported their efforts.
by forcing them to grow indigo on their
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
lands, instead of the more paying crops
like rice. The planters forced the peasants By mid-1919, the UP Kisan Sabha had
to take advance sums and enter into 450 branches. Other prominent leaders
fraudulent contracts, which were then included Jhinguri Singh, Durgapal Singh
used against the peasants. and Baba Ramchandra.
Statement 1 is correct: The anger of the In 1920, Baba Ramchandra urged Nehru
peasants exploded in 1859 when, led by to visit these villages. During these visits,
Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas of Nehru developed close contacts with the
Nadia district, they decided not to grow villagers.
indigo under duress and resisted the
3. Answer: (b)
physical pressure of the planters and
their Lathiyals (retainers), backed by the Explanation:
police and the courts. Towards the end of the year, peasant
Hence, statement 1 is correct. discontent surfaced again in Avadh, but
this time the centres were the districts of
Statement 2 is also correct: The Bengali
Hardoi, Bahraich and Sitapur, in the
intelligentsia played a significant role by
northern part of the province.
supporting the peasants‟ cause through
newspaper campaigns, organisation of The initial thrust here was provided by
mass meetings, preparing memoranda on Congress and Khilafat leaders, and the
peasants‟ grievances and supporting Movement grew under the name of the
them in legal battles. „Eka‟ or the „Unity Movement‟.

Hence, statement 2 is also correct. The main grievances here related to the
extraction of a rent that was generally
2. Answer: (a)
fifty per cent higher than the recorded
Explanation: rent, the oppression of the Thekedars, to
whom the work of rent-collection was
Statement 1 is correct: The First World
farmed out and the practice of share-
War had hiked the prices of food and
rents.
other necessities. This worsened the
conditions of the peasants of the United The Eka meetings were marked by a
Provinces (UP). religious ritual, in which a hole, that
represented the river Ganges, was dug in
Mainly due to the efforts of the Home Rule
the ground and filled with water. A priest
activists, the Kisan Sabhas were
was brought in to preside and the
organised in UP.
assembled peasants vowed that they
Hence, statement 1 is correct. would pay only the recorded rent, but pay

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it on time, would not leave when ejected, 5. Answer: (c)
would refuse to do forced labour, would
Explanation:
give no help to the criminals and abide by
the Panchayat‟s decisions. The Bardoli Taluqa in Surat district had
witnessed intense politicisation after the
The Eka Movement, however, soon coming of Gandhi on the national political
developed its own grass-roots leadership scene.
in the form of Madari Pasi and other low-
The movement sparked-off in January,
caste leaders, who were not particularly 1926, when the authorities decided to
inclined to accept the discipline of non- increase the land revenue by 30 per cent.
violence that the Congress and the The Congress leaders were quick to
Khilafat leaders urged. As a result, the protest and a Bardoli Inquiry Committee
Movement‟s contact with the nationalists was set-up to go into the issue. The
diminished and it went its own way. Committee found the revenue hike to be
unjustified.
4. Answer: (b)
Statement 1 is correct: In February,
Explanation: 1926, Vallabhbhai Patel was called to
lead the movement. The women of Bardoli
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Mappilas
gave him the title of “Sardar”. Under
were the Muslim tenants inhabiting
Patel, the Bardoli peasants resolved to
the Malabar region, where most of the refuse payments of the revised
landlords were Hindus. assessment until the Government
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. appointed an independent tribunal or
accepted the current amount as full
The Mappilas had expressed their payment. To organise the movement,
resentment against the oppression of the Patel set-up 13 Chhavanis, or the
landlords during the nineteenth century workers‟ camps, in the Taluqa.
also. Their grievances centred around Hence, statement 1 is correct.
lack of security of tenure, high rents,
Statement 2 is also correct: Bardoli
renewal fees and other oppressive
Satyagraha Patrika was brought out to
exactions. mobilise the public opinion. An
The Mappila tenants were particularly intelligence wing was set-up to make sure
encouraged by the demand of the local that all the tenants followed the
movement‟s resolutions. Those who
Congress body for a government
opposed the movement faced a social
legislation regulating tenant-landlord
boycott.
relations. Soon, the Mappila Movement
merged with the ongoing Khilafat Special emphasis was placed on the
mobilisation of women.
agitation.
K.M. Munshi and Lalji Naranji resigned
Statement 2 is correct: The leaders of
from the Bombay Legislative Council in
the Khilafat-Non-Cooperation Movement, support of the movement.
like Gandhi, Shaukat Ali and Maulana
Hence, statement 2 is also correct.
Azad, addressed the Mappila meetings.
After the arrest of the national leaders, 6. Answer: (d)
the leadership passed into the hands of Explanation:
the local Mappila leaders.
The All-India Kisan Congress/Sabha was
Hence, statement 2 is correct. founded in Lucknow in April, 1936, with

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 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
Swami Sahjanand Saraswati as the (iv) Amrita Bazar Patrika under Sisir
President and N.G. Ranga as the General Kumar Ghosh and Moti Lal Ghosh;
Secretary.
(v) Indian Mirror under N.N. Sen;
A Kisan manifesto was issued and a
(vi) Kesari (in Marathi) and Maharatta
periodical under Indulal Yagnik started.
(in English) under Bal Gangadhar
The All-India Kisan Congress/Sabha and Tilak;
the Congress held their sessions in
(vii) Sudharak under Gopal Ganesh
Faizpur in 1936. The Congress manifesto
Agarkar; and
(especially the agrarian policy) for the
1937 provincial elections was strongly (viii) Hindustan and Advocate under G.P.
influenced by the agenda of the All-India Verma.
Kisan Congress/Sabha. 9. Answer: (a)
7. Answer: (b) Explanation:
Explanation: Statement 1 is correct: The Vernacular
In September, 1946, the Bengal Press Act (VPA), 1878, was designed to
Provincial Kisan Sabha gave a call to „better control‟ the vernacular press, and
implement, through mass struggle, the effectively punish and repress seditious
Flood Commission‟s recommendations of writing. The Act came to be nicknamed
Tebhaga (two-thirds share) to the “The Gagging Act” due to various reasons.
Bargardars, the share-croppers, also According to the Act, the District
known as the Bagchasi or the Adhyar, Magistrate was empowered to call upon
instead of the one-half share. the printer and the publisher of any
The Bargardars worked on lands rented vernacular newspaper to enter into a
from the Jotedars. The communist bond with the government, undertaking
cadres, including many urban student not to cause disaffection against the
militias went to the countryside to government or antipathy between the
organise the Bargardars. persons of different religions, caste, race
through published material. The printer
The central slogan was “nij khamare
and the publisher could also be required
dhan tolo”, i.e., the sharecroppers taking
to deposit security, which could be
the paddy to their own threshing floor,
forfeited if the regulations were
and not to the Jotedar‟s house, as before,
contravened, and the press equipment
so as to enforce Tebhaga.
could be seized if the offence re-occurred.
8. Answer: (a) Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Explanation: Statement 2 is incorrect: The
Only pair 2 is correctly matched: Magistrate‟s action was final and no
appeal could be made in a court of law.
Many newspapers emerged during the
early nineteenth century, such as: Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

(i) The Hindu and Swadesamitran Statement 3 is also incorrect: Under

under G. Subramaniya Aiyar; the Vernacular Press Act (VPA), 1878,
proceedings were instituted against Som
(ii) The Bengalee under Surendranath Prakash, Bharat Mihir, Dacca Prakash
Banerjea; and Samachar.
(iii) The Voice of India under Dadabhai Incidentally, the Amrita Bazar Patrika
Naoroji;

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 3

 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
turned overnight into an English 12. Answer: (d)
newspaper to escape the VPA.
Explanation:
Hence, statement 3 is also incorrect.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The famous
10. Answer: (a) Lord Macaulay‟s Minute settled the row in
the favour of the Anglicists. Limited
Explanation:
government resources were to be devoted
Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: The to the teaching of Western sciences and
Calcutta Madrasah was established by literature through the medium of English
Warren Hastings in 1781, for the study
language alone. Lord Macaulay held the
of Muslim law and related subjects.
view that “Indian learning was inferior
Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched. to European learning”. The
Pair 2 is also incorrectly matched: The government soon made English as the
Sanskrit College was established by medium of instruction in its schools
Jonathan Duncan, the „Resident‟, at and colleges, and opened a few English
Benaras in 1791, for the study of Hindu schools and colleges instead of a large
law and philosophy. number of elementary schools, thus
neglecting mass education.
Hence, pair 2 is also incorrectly
matched. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

Pair 3 is correctly matched: Fort Statement 2 is also incorrect: The

William College was set-up by Wellesley British planned to educate a small
in 1800, for the training of the civil section of the upper and the middle
servants of the Company in the languages classes, thus creating a class “Indian in
and customs of the Indians. However, it blood and colour, but English in tastes,
was closed in 1802. in opinions, in morals and in intellect”,
Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched. who would act as the interpreters
between the government and the masses,
11. Answer: (d)
and would enrich the vernaculars by
Explanation: which the knowledge of Western sciences
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Charter and literature would reach the masses.
Act of 1813 incorporated the principle of This was called the „Downward
encouraging learned Indians and Filtration Theory‟.
promoting knowledge of modern sciences
Hence, statement 2 is also incorrect.
in the country. The Act directed the
East India Company to sanction one 13. Answer: (b)
lakh rupees annually for this purpose.
Explanation:
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
Statement 2 is also incorrect: Statement 1 is incorrect: In 1854,
Meanwhile, the efforts of Raja Charles Wood prepared a despatch on an
Rammohan Roy bore fruit, and a grant educational system for India. Considered
was sanctioned for the Calcutta the “Magna Carta of English Education in
College, set-up in 1817, by the India”, this document was the first
educated Bengalis, imparting English comprehensive plan for the spread of
education in Western humanities and education in India. It recommended
sciences. The government also set-up English as the medium of instruction
three Sanskrit colleges, at Calcutta, Delhi for higher studies and vernaculars at
and Agra.
the school level.
Hence, statement 2 is also incorrect.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.

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 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
Statement 2 is correct: It asked the  It also drew attention towards
Government of India to assume inadequate facilities for female
responsibility for the education of the education, especially outside the
masses, thus repudiating the „Downward Presidency Towns, and made
Filtration Theory‟, at least on paper. It recommendations for its spread.
laid stress on female and vocational
15. Answer: (c)
education, and on teachers‟ training.
Explanation:
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Statement 1 is correct: The Raleigh
Statement 3 is also correct: It
Commission (1902) was set-up to go into
recommended a system of grants-in-aid
the conditions and prospects of the
to encourage private enterprise. Also, it
universities in India, and to suggest
laid down that the education imparted in
measures for improvement in their
the government institutions should be
constitution and working. The
secular.
Commission precluded from reporting on
Hence, statement 3 is also correct. the primary or secondary education.
Based on its recommendations, the
14. Answer: (c)
Indian Universities Act was passed in
Explanation: 1904.
Statement 1 is correct: In 1882, the Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Government appointed a Commission
Statement 2 is also correct: The Act
under the Chairmanship of W.W. Hunter
increased the government's control over
to review the progress of education in the
the universities such as the number of
country since the Despatch of 1854. The
fellows of a university and their period in
Hunter Commission mostly confined its
office were reduced and most fellows were
recommendations to the primary and
to be nominated by the government and
secondary education.
government was to have powers to veto
The Commission emphasised that state‟s the universities‟ senate regulations, and
special care is required for extension and could amend these regulations or pass
improvement of the primary education, regulations on its own.
and that the primary education should be
Hence, statement 2 is also correct.
imparted through vernacular.
Statement 3 is incorrect: As per this
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Act, the universities were to give more
Statement 2 is also correct: The attention to study and research.
Commission recommended transfer of
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
control of the primary education to the
newly set-up District and Municipal 16. Answer: (b)
Boards.
Explanation:
Hence, statement 2 is also correct.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Saddler
Other recommendations: University Commission (1917-19) was
set-up to study and report on the
 The Commission recommended that
problems of the Calcutta University, but
the secondary (High School) education
its recommendations were applicable
should have two divisions, that is
more or less to other universities also. It
literary leading upto university and
reviewed the entire field, from school
vocational for commercial careers.
education to university education. It

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 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
recommended that a separate Board of 1938 and 1939. In 1928, Jawahar Lal
the secondary and intermediate joined hands with Subhash to organize
education should be set-up for the „Independence for India League‟, to
administration and control of the fight for complete independence and „a
secondary and intermediate education. socialist revision of the economic
structure of the society.‟
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
Hence, option (b) is the correct answer.
Statement 2 is correct: It emphasized
that the university should function as a 19. Answer: (a)
centralized, unitary residential-teaching
Explanation:
autonomous body, rather than as
scattered, affiliated colleges. Statement 1 is correct: The Communist
Party of India was formed in December,
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
1925, at the first Party Conference in
17. Answer: (c) Kanpur. Its founders included M. N. Roy,
Abani Mukherji and M. P. T. Acharya. The
Explanation:
most well-known and the tallest of them
Row number 1 is incorrectly matched: was M.N. Roy, who along with Lenin,
Several socialist and communist groups helped evolve the Communist
came into existence all over the country. International‟s policy towards the
In Bombay, S.A. Dange published a colonies.
pamphlet, „Gandhi and Lenin‟, and
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
started the first socialist weekly, „The
Socialist‟, in Bengal. Statement 2 is incorrect: The
Communist Party of India (CPI) called
Hence, row number 1 is incorrectly
upon all its members to enroll themselves
matched.
as the members of the Congress, form a
Row number 2 is also incorrectly strong left-wing in all its organs,
matched: Muzaffar Ahmed brought out cooperate with all other radical
„Navayug‟ and later founded the „Langal‟ nationalists, and make an effort to
in cooperation with the poet Nazrul Islam, transform the Congress into a more
in Punjab. radical mass-based organisation. The
Hence, row number 2 is also main form of political work by the early
incorrectly matched. Communists was to organize the
peasants‟ and the workers‟ parties, and
Row number 3 is correctly matched:
work through them.
Ghulam Hussain and others published
Inquilab; and in Madras, M. Singaravelu The first such organisation was the
founded the Labour-Kisan Gazette. Labour-Swaraj Party of the Indian
National Congress, organised by Muzaffar
Hence, row number 3 is correctly
Ahmed, Qazi Nazrul Islam, Hemanta
matched.
Kumar Sarkar, and others in Bengal in
18. Answer: (b) November, 1925.

Explanation: Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Option (b) is the correct answer: Within 20. Answer: (d)

the Congress, the left-wing tendency
Explanation:
found reflection in the election of
Jawahar Lal Nehru as the President for Statement 1 is incorrect: The move
1936 and 1937, and of Subhash Bose for towards the formation of a Socialist Party

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 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
was made in the jails during 1930-31 and Frontier Province and Assam.
1932-34, by a group of young
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Congressmen, who were disenchanted
with the Gandhian strategy and Statement 2 is also correct: To guide
leadership, and were attracted by the and coordinate their activities, and to
socialist ideology. Ultimately, they came ensure that the British hopes of the
together and formed the Congress provincialization of the Congress did not
Socialist Party (CSP) at Bombay in 1934. materialize, a Central Control Board,
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. known as the Parliamentary Sub-
Committee, was formed, with Sardar
Statement 2 is also incorrect: The
Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and
Congress Socialist Party was organised
Rajendra Prasad as its members. Thus
under the leadership of Jayaprakash
began a novel experiment, a party, which
Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev and
was committed to liquidate the British
Minoo Masani.
rule, took charge of the administration
Hence, statement 2 is also incorrect. under a Constitution which was framed
by the British and which yielded only
From the beginning, all the Congress
partial state power to the Indians. This
socialists were agreed upon certain basic
power could, moreover, be taken away
propositions:
from the Indians whenever the imperial
 That the primary struggle in India was power so desired.
the national struggle for freedom and
Hence, statement 2 is also correct.
that nationalism was a necessary
stage on the way to socialism. 22. Answer: (a)

 That the socialists must work inside Explanation:

the National Congress, because it was Statement 1 is correct: The
the primary body leading the national commitment of the Congress to the
struggle and, as Acharya Narendra defence and extension of civil liberties
Dev put it in 1934, „it would be a was as old as the Congress itself, and it is
suicidal policy for us to cut ourselves hardly surprising, therefore, that the
off from the national movement that Congress Ministries registered major
the Congress undoubtedly represents‟. achievements in this sphere. All
21. Answer: (c) emergency powers acquired by the
Provincial Governments during 1932,
Explanation:
through the Public Safety Acts and the
Statement 1 is correct: The Congress like, were repealed, bans on illegal
went all out to win the elections to the political organizations, such as the
Provincial Assemblies held in February, Hindustan Seva Dal and the Youth
1937. Its election manifesto reaffirmed its Leagues, and on political books and
total rejection of the 1935 Act. After a few journals were lifted.
months‟ tussle with the Government, the
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
Congress Working Committee decided to
accept office under the Act of 1935. Statement 2 is incorrect: Though the
During July, it formed Ministries in six ban on the Communist Party remained,
provinces, viz., Madras, Bombay, Central since it was imposed by the Central
Provinces, Orissa, Bihar and United Government and could only be lifted on
Provinces. Later, Congress Ministries its orders, the Communists could, in
were also formed in the North-West effect, now function freely and openly in

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 7

 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
the Congress Provinces. All restrictions wing also argued for the public sector,
on the press were removed. The securities especially in large-scale and key
taken from the newspapers and the industries, as a means of preventing the
presses were refunded, and the pending concentration of wealth in a few hands. In
prosecutions were withdrawn. The the late 1930s, the objective of economic
blacklisting of the newspapers for the planning was also widely accepted.
purposes of government advertising was
In 1938, the Congress, then under the
given up. Confiscated arms were returned
Presidentship of Subhash Chandra Bose,
and forfeited arms licenses were restored.
set-up the National Planning Committee.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
23. Answer: (c)
Statement 2 is also correct: The
Explanation: National Planning Committee, was set-up
under the Chairmanship of Jawahar Lal
Statement 1 is correct: In the United
Nehru, to draw up a development plan for
Provinces, Kanpur was the seat of serious
„Free India‟.
labour unrest, as the workers expected
active support from the popularly elected Hence, statement 2 is also correct.
Government. A major strike occurred in
Statement 3 is incorrect: During World
May, 1938. The Government set-up a
War II, several other plans were devised,
Labour Enquiry Committee, headed by
the most important being the Bombay
Rajendra Prasad.
Plan, drawn-up by the big three of the
Hence, statement 1 is correct. Indian capitalist world, viz., J.R.D. Tata,
G.D. Birla and Sri Ram. This plan too
Statement 2 is also correct: The
visualized far-reaching land reforms, a
Committee‟s recommendations included
large public sector and massive public
an increase in the workers‟ wages with a
and private investment.
minimum wage of Rs. 15 per month,
formation of an Arbitration Board, Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
recruitment of labour for all mills by an
25. Answer: (a)
independent board, maternity benefits to
the women workers and recognition of the Explanation:
Left-dominated Mazdur Sabha by the Statement 1 is incorrect, because there
employers. was no acceptance of the demand for a
Hence, statement 2 is also correct. full-fledged Pakistan in the Cabinet
Mission Plan.
A similar Bihar Labour Enquiry
Committee, headed by Rajendra Prasad, Statements 2 and 3 are correct.
was set-up in 1938. It too recommended The Cabinet Mission Plan:
the strengthening of the trade union
rights, an improvement in labour  Rejection of the demand for a full-
conditions, and compulsory conciliation fledged Pakistan.
and arbitration to be tried before a strike  Grouping of the existing Provincial
was declared. Assemblies into three sections.
24. Answer: (a)  Three-tier executive and legislature at
Explanation: the Provincial; Section; and Union
levels.
Statement 1 is correct: In the 1930s,
Jawahar Lal Nehru, Gandhiji and the left

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 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
 A Constituent Assembly was to be 3. The British Government would accept
elected by the Provincial Assemblies the new Constitution, subject to two
by proportional representation (voting conditions:
in three groups, viz., General;
(i) Any Province, not willing to join
Muslims; and Sikhs).
the Union, could have a separate
 A common Centre would control Constitution and form a separate
defence, communication and external Union; and
affairs.
(ii) The new Constitution-making
 A federal structure was envisaged for body and the British Government
India. would negotiate a treaty to effect
the transfer of power, and to
● Communal questions in the Central
Legislature were to be decided by a safeguard racial and religious
simple majority of both communities, minorities.
present and voting. 4. In the meantime, the defence of India
● The Provinces were to have full would remain in British hands and
autonomy and residual powers. the Governor-General‟s powers would
remain intact.
● The Princely States were no longer to
be under the paramountcy of the 27. Answer: (a)
British Government. They would be Explanation:
free to enter into an arrangement with
In response to Lord Birkenhead (The
the successor governments or the
Secretary of State for India)‟s challenge,
British Government.
the Nehru Report (Motilal Nehru was its
 Meanwhile, an interim government principal author), submitted in August,
was to be formed from the Constituent 1928, was an outline of a „Draft
Assembly. Constitution‟ for India. Most of its
26. Answer: (c) features were later incorporated in the
Constitution of independent India.
Explanation:
This Report defined „Dominion Status‟ as
Statements 1 and 2, both are correct.
the form of government desired by India.
The main proposals of the Cripps
Statement 1 is correct: The Report also
mission were as follows:
recommended universal adult suffrage,
1. An Indian Union, with a „Dominion equal rights for women, freedom to form
Status‟, would be set-up. It would be unions and dissociation of the state from
free to decide its relations with the religion in any form.
Commonwealth, and free to
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
participate in the United Nations and
other international bodies. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Report
rejected the principle of separate
2. After the end of World War-I, a
Constituent Assembly would be communal electorates, on which the
convened to frame a new Constitution. previous constitutional reforms had been
The members of this Assembly would based.
be partly elected by the Provincial Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
Assemblies through proportional
The seats would be reserved for the
representation and partly nominated
Muslims at the Centre and in the
by the princes.

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 9

 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
Provinces in which they were in a Hence, statement 2 is also correct.
minority, but not in those where they had
The 1861 Act restored the legislative
a numerical majority.
powers of the Bombay and the Madras
It provided for a federal system with Presidencies, taken away by the Charter
maximum autonomy granted to the units, Act of 1833.
but the residuary powers vesting in the
However, the Legislative Councils,
Central Government.
established by the Act of 1861, possessed
28. Answer: (a) no real powers and had many
weaknesses.
Explanation:
The Councils could not discuss important
Statement 1 is correct: The Regulating
matters and no financial matters at all
Act, 1773, brought about the British
without the previous approval of the
Government‟s involvement in the Indian
government. They had no control over
affairs in an effort to control and regulate
budget.
the functioning of the East India
Company. They could not discuss the executive
action. The final passing of the Bill
It recognised that the Company’s role in
needed the Viceroy‟s approval.
India extended beyond mere trade, to
administrative and political fields, and 30. Answer: (c)
introduced the element of centralised
Explanation:
administration.
• The Indian Councils Act, 1909,
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
popularly known as the „Morley-Minto
Statement 2 is incorrect: A Supreme Reforms‟, made the first attempt to
Court of judicature was to be bring in a representative and popular
established in Bengal, with original and element in the governance of the
appellate jurisdictions, where all subjects country.
could seek redressal.
• The strength of the Imperial
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. Legislative Council was increased.
In practice, however, the Supreme Court • Statement 1 is correct: With regard
had a debatable jurisdiction vis-a-vis the to the Central Government, an Indian
Council, which created various problems. member was taken, for the first time,
29. Answer: (c) in the Executive Council of the
Governor-General (Satyendra Prasad
Explanation: Sinha was the first Indian to join the
Statement 1 is correct: The Indian Governor-General’s—or the Viceroy’s—
Councils Act, 1861, was an Act of the Executive Council, as law member).
Parliament of the United Kingdom, that Hence, statement 1 is correct.
transformed India's Executive Council to
• The members of the Provincial
function as a Cabinet run on the portfolio
Executive Council were increased. The
system.
powers of the Legislative Councils,
Hence, statement 1 is correct. both Central and Provincial, were
increased.
Statement 2 is also correct: The Viceroy
was allowed to issue ordinances lasting • Under this Act, the real power
six months, if the Legislative Council is remained with the government, and
not in session in an emergency.

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 10

 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
the Councils were left with no in London for six years and whose
function, but criticism. duty was to look after the Indian trade
in Europe. Some of the functions,
• Statement 2 is also correct: The
hitherto performed by the Secretary of
introduction of separate electorates for
State for India, were transferred to the
the Muslims created new problems.
High Commissioner.
Besides separate electorates for the
Muslims, representation in excess of • The Secretary of State for India, who
their population strength was used to get his pay from the Indian
accorded to the Muslims. Hence, revenue, was now to be paid by the
statement 2 is also correct. British Exchequer, thus undoing an
injustice of the Charter Act of 1793.
31. Answer: (c)
32. Answer: (b)
Explanation:
Explanation:
• Statement 1 is correct: The
Government of India Act, Statement 1 is correct: A much more
1919/Montague-Chelmsford Reforms powerful influence was exercised by the
replaced the Indian Legislative Council Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movement
at the Centre by a bicameral system, launched in 1920. Around this time and
consisting of a Council of State (Upper under its impact, numerous local
House) and a Legislative Assembly organizations of the States‟ people came
(Lower House). into existence. Some of the States in
which the „Praja Mandals‟ or the States‟
• Hence, statement 1 is correct.
People‟s Conferences were organized were
• The principle of communal Mysore, Hyderabad, Baroda, the
representation was extended with Kathiawad States, the Deccan States,
separate electorates for the Sikhs, the Jamnagar, Indore and Nawanagar. This
Christians and the Anglo-Indians, process came to a head in December,
besides the Muslims. 1927, with the convening of the All-India
States‟ People‟s Conference (AISPC),
• Statement 2 is also correct: The Act
which was attended by around 700
introduced dyarchy in the Provinces,
political workers from the States. The
which indeed was a substantial step
men chiefly responsible for this
towards the transfer of power to the
initiative were Balwantrai Mehta,
Indian people.
Maniklal Kothari and G.R. Abhayankar.
• Hence, statement 2 is also correct.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The Provincial Legislature was to
Statement 2 is incorrect: The policy of
consist of one House only (The
the Indian National Congress towards the
Legislative Council).
Indian States had been first enunciated
• Statement 3 is also correct: The Act in 1920 at Nagpur, when a resolution,
separated, for the first time, the calling upon the Princes to grant „full
Provincial and the Central budgets, responsible government‟ in their States
with the Provincial Legislatures being had been passed. Simultaneously,
authorised to make their budgets. however, the Congress, while allowing
the residents of the States to become
• Hence, statement 3 is also correct.
the members of the Congress, made it
• A High Commissioner for India was clear that they could not initiate
appointed, who was to hold his office political activities in the States in the

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 11

 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
name of the Congress, but only in their fact, a wide cross section of the leaders
individual capacity, or as the members of the capitalist class devised in 1944-
of the local political organizations. 45, in their famous Bombay Plan (the
signatories to which were
Even in the Haripura Session in 1938,
Purshottamdas Thakurdas, J.R.D. Tata,
the Congress had reiterated its policy
G.D. Birla, Ardeshir Dalal, Sri Ram,
that the movements in the States
Kasturbhai Lalbhai, A.D. Shroff and
should not be launched in the name of
John Mathai).
the Congress, but should rely on their
own independent strength and fight Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
through local organizations. A few
Statement 2 is correct: The Bombay
months later, however, on seeing the new
Plan demanded for comprehensive land
spirit that was abroad among the people
reform, including cooperativization of
and their capacity to struggle, Gandhiji
production, finance and marketing.
and the Congress changed their attitude
on this question. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. 34. Answer: (a)

Statement 3 is also incorrect: In 1920, Explanation:

at Nagpur, a resolution, calling upon Statement 1 is correct: The Shimla
the Princes to grant „full responsible Deputation was a gathering of 35
government‟ in their States, had been prominent Indian Muslim leaders, led by
passed. The Congress at Tripuri, in the Aga Khan III, at the Viceregal Lodge in
March, 1939, passed a resolution Shimla, in October, 1906. The Deputation
enunciating its new policy: „The great demanded that the Muslims be granted
awakening that is taking place among the greater representation in politics.
people of the States may lead to a
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
relaxation, or to a complete removal of the
restraint which the Congress imposed Statement 2 is incorrect: The
upon itself, thus resulting in an ever- Deputation aimed to convince Lord
increasing identification of the Congress Minto, the then Viceroy of India, to
with the States‟ peoples‟. grant the Muslims greater representation
in politics.
Also, in 1939, the AISPC elected Jawahar
Lal Nehru as its President for the Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
Ludhiana Session, thus setting the seal
35. Answer: (b)
on the fusion of the movements in
Princely India and British India. Hence, Explanation:
statement 3 is also incorrect. Statement 1 is incorrect: The colonial
33. Answer: (b) authorities and the communalists
together evolved another powerful
Explanation:
instrument for the spread and
Statement 1 is incorrect: At the outset, consolidation of communalism in
it must be said that the economic separate electorates, which were
development of the Indian capitalist class introduced in the Morley-Minto
in the colonial period was substantial Reforms of 1907. Under this system, the
and, in many ways, the nature of its Muslim voters (and later the Sikhs and
growth was quite different from the usual others) were put in separate
experience in other colonial countries. In constituencies, from which only the

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 12

 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
Muslims could stand as candidates, and  In August, 1935, the Government of
for which only the Muslims could vote. India passed the longest Act, viz., the
Separate electorates turned the elections Government of India Act, 1935, under
and the legislative councils into the the British Act of Parliament.
arenas for communal conflicts.
 The Act further extended the principle
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. of communal representation by
Statement 2 is correct: Maulana Abul providing separate electorates for the
Kalam Azad was educated at the famous depressed classes (the scheduled
Al Azhar University at Cairo, and castes), women and labourers
propagated his rationalist and nationalist (workers). Further, under the Act, the
ideas in his newspaper „Al Hilal‟, which he Muslims got 33 percent (1/3 of the
brought out in 1912. seats) in the Federal Legislature.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
37. Answer: (a)
36. Answer: (a)
Explanation:
Explanation:
Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: The
Statement 1 is correct: M.A. Jinnah significant feature of the Quit India
came back to India after becoming a Movement was the emergence of what
Barrister in 1906 as a secular, liberal came to be known as the „parallel
nationalist and a follower of Dadabhai governments‟ in some parts of the
Naoroji. On his return, he immediately country. The first one was proclaimed
joined the Congress and acted as in Ballia, in East United Provinces, in
Dadabhai‟s secretary at the Calcutta August, 1942, under the leadership of
Session of the Congress in 1906. The Chittu Pande, who called himself a
first step towards communalism was Gandhian.
taken without any desire of his own
and perhaps against his own wishes Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched.
when he entered the Central Pair 2 is correctly matched: Satara, in
Legislative Council from Bombay as a Maharashtra, emerged as the base of the
Muslim member under the system of longest-lasting and effective parallel
separate electorates. The real slide government. Dubbed “Prati Sarkar,” it
down began when from a nationalist pure was organised by leaders like Y.B.
and simple he became a communal Chavan, Nana Patil and others. Village
nationalist in 1913 when he joined the libraries and Nyayadan Mandals were
Muslim Legue. established, prohibition campaigns were
Hence, statement 1 is correct. launched, and „Gandhi weddings‟ were
held.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The logic of
communalism also inexorably led to Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched.
extreme communalism. The Congress had Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: In
gone quite far in the late 1920s in Tamluk, in the Midnapur district of
accepting the Muslim communal Bengal, the Jatiya Sarkar came into
demands. In 1932, the Communal existence in December, 1942, and
Award and then the Government of lasted till September, 1944. Formed
India Act of 1935, accepted nearly all by Ambika Chakrabarty, a local leader
the liberal communal demands. and a freedom fighter, to provide
essential services and governance to the

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 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
people of Tamluk during the Quit India quashed any hopes of the INA liberating
Movement, the Jatiya Sarkar undertook the nation.
cyclone relief work, gave grants to the
Hence, statement 3 is correct.
schools and organized an armed Vidyut
Vahini. 39. Answer: (a)

Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly matched. Explanation:

38. Answer: (c) Pair 1 is incorrectly matched: There

were some early attempts at organized
Explanation:
effort to improve the conditions of the
Statement 1 is correct: The idea of the workers. These efforts were made as early
Indian National Army (INA) was first as the 1870s by the philanthropists. In
conceived in Malaya by Mohan Singh, an 1878, Sorabjee Shapoorji Bengalee tried
Indian officer of the British Indian Army, unsuccessfully to introduce a Bill in the
when he decided not to join the retreating Bombay Legislative Council to limit the
British army and instead went to the working hours for the labourers. In
Japanese for help. Hence, statement 1 Bengal, Sasipada Banerjee, a Brahmo
is correct. Social reformer, set-up a Workingmen‟s
Club in 1870 and brought out a
Statement 2 is incorrect: The second
monthly journal, called Bharat
phase of the INA began when Subhash
Sramjeebi (The Indian Labour), with
Chandra Bose was brought to Singapore
the primary idea of educating the
in July, 1943, by means of the German
workers.
and the Japanese submarines. He went
to Tokyo and Prime Minister Tojo Hence, pair 1 is incorrectly matched.
declared that Japan had no territorial
Pair 2 is correctly matched: Narayan
designs on India. Bose returned to
Meghajee Lokhanday started the Bombay
Singapore and set-up the Provisional
Mill-hands Association in 1890.
Government of Free India in October,
Lokhanday held meetings of the workers
1943. The Provisional Government then
and, in one instance, he sent a memorial
declared war on Britain and the United
signed by 5,500 mill workers, to the
States, and was recognised by the Axis
Bombay Factory Commission, putting
powers and their satellites. Subhash Bose
forward some minimum workers‟
set-up two INA headquarters, in Rangoon
demands.
and in Singapore, and began to
reorganize the INA. Hence, statement 2 Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched.
is incorrect. Pair 3 is incorrectly matched: In
Statement 3 is correct: One INA Bombay, Narayan Meghajee Lokhanday
battalion, commanded by Shah Nawaz, brought out an Anglo-Marathi weekly,
was allowed to accompany the called Dinbandhu (The Friend of the Poor)
Japanese army to the Indo-Burma in 1880. Hence, pair 3 is incorrectly
front and participate in the Imphal matched.
campaign. But the discriminatory All these efforts were admittedly of a
treatment, which included being denied philanthropic nature and did not
rations, arms and being made to do represent the beginnings of an organized
menial work for the Japanese units, working-class movement. Moreover, these
completely demoralized the INA men. The philanthropists did not belong to the
failure of the Imphal campaign, and the mainstream of the contemporary national
steady Japanese retreat thereafter, movement.

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 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
40. Answer: (d) At this stage, the nationalists were
unwilling to take up the question of the
Explanation:
labour versus the indigenous employer.
From 1919 to 1922, the working class Most of the nationalist newspapers, in
created its own national-level fact, denied the need for any
organization to defend its class rights. It Government legislation to regulate the
was in this period that the working class working conditions and actively
also got involved in the mainstream of opposed the Factories Acts of 1881
nationalist politics to a significant extent. and 1891.
Statement 1 is incorrect: The most Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
important development was the
Statement 2 is correct: The „labour
formation of the All-India Trade Union legislation‟, which would adversely affect
Congress (AITUC) in 1920. Lokamanya the infant industry in India, they said,
Tilak, who had developed a close was like killing the goose that laid the
association with the Bombay workers, golden eggs. But there was also the
was one of the moving spirits in the nationalist newspaper, Mahratta, then
formation of the AITUC, which had Lala under the influence of a radical thinker,
Lajpat Rai, the famous Extremist G.S. Agarkar, which, even at this stage,
leader from Punjab, as its first supported the workers‟ cause and asked
President and Dewan Chaman Lal, who the mill-owners to make concessions to
was to become a major name in the them. This trend was, however, still a
Indian labour movement, as its General very minor one.
Secretary.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
42. Answer: (a)
Statement 2 is also incorrect: The
Explanation:
manifesto issued to the workers by the
AITUC urged them not only to organize Statement 1 is correct: During the Civil
themselves, but also to intervene in Disobedience Movement, the arrest of the
the nationalist politics. Congress leaders in the North West
Frontier Province led to a mass
Hence, statement 2 is also incorrect. demonstration of unprecedented
41. Answer: (b) magnitude in Peshawar.

Explanation: Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan had been active

for several years in the area, and it was
Statement 1 is incorrect: One major
his mass work which lay behind the
reason for the relatively lukewarm
formation of the band of non-violent
attitude of the early nationalists towards
revolutionaries, the Khudai Khidmatgars.
the question of workers was that, at this
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
time, when the anti-imperialist movement
was in its very infancy, the nationalists Statement 2 is incorrect: The Khudai
did not wish to, in any way, weaken the Khidmatgars (leader - Abdul Ghaffar
common struggle against the British rule Khan), played an extremely active role
in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
— the primary task to be achieved in a
colonial situation — by creating any The atmosphere created by their political
divisions within the ranks of the Indian work contributed to the mass upsurge in
people. Peshawar during which the city was
virtually in the hands of the crowd for

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 15

 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
more than a week. The Peshawar uneconomic holdings, and relief of
demonstrations are significant because it agricultural-indebtedness and control of
was here that the soldiers of the Garhwali usury; better conditions for the workers,
regiments refused to fire on the unarmed including a living wage, limited hours of
crowd. work and protection of the women
workers; the right to organize and form
In the North West Frontier Province, the
unions to the workers and the peasants;
Government continued its severe
and state ownership or control of the key
repression against the non-violent Khudai
industries, mines and means of
Khidmatgars. Hence, statement 2 is
transport.
incorrect.
It also maintained that „the culture,
43. Answer: (d)
language and script of the minorities and
Explanation: of the different linguistic areas shall be
Statement 1 is correct: The Congress protected.‟ Hence, statement 3 is also
met at Karachi on 29th March, 1931, to correct.
endorse the Gandhi-Irwin, or the Delhi The Karachi Resolution was to remain in
Pact. The Congress endorsed the Delhi essence the basic political and economic
Pact and reiterated the goal of Purna programme of the Congress in the later
Swaraj. years.
Hence, statement 1 is correct. 44. Answer: (a)
Statement 2 is also correct: The Explanation:
Karachi Session became memorable for
„The Communal Award‟ was announced
its Resolution on Fundamental Rights
in August, 1932. Gandhiji reacted very
and the National Economic Programme.
strongly against the Communal Award.
Even though the Congress had, since its
He saw the Award as an attack on Indian
inception, fought for the economic
unity and nationalism. Mass meetings
interests, civil liberties and political rights
took place almost everywhere.
of the people, this was the first time that
the Congress defined what Swaraj would The 20th of September, 1932, was
mean for the masses. It also declared observed as a day of fasting and prayer.
that, „in order to end the exploitation of Temples, wells, etc., were thrown open to
the masses, political freedom must the Depressed Classes all over the
include real economic freedom of the country.
starving millions.‟
Statement 1 is correct: The Poona Pact
Hence, statement 2 is also correct. was signed between Gandhi and
Ambedkar. The Pact increased the seats
The Resolution guaranteed the basic civil
reserved for the Depressed Classes in the
rights of free speech, free press, free
Provincial Legislatures from seventy-one
assembly and freedom of association;
in the Communal Award to 147 and in
equality before the law, irrespective of
the Central Legislature to eighteen per
caste, creed or sex; neutrality of the state
cent of the total.
in regard to all religions; elections on the
basis of universal adult franchise; and Hence, statement 1 is correct.
free and compulsory primary education.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The political
Statement 3 is also correct: It promised leaders of different political
substantial reduction in rent and persuasions, including Madan Mohan
revenue, exemption from rent in case of Malaviya, M.C. Rajah and B.R.

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 16

 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
Ambedkar, played an active role in separate electorates, it was not in favour
signing of the Poona Pact. They of changing the Award without the
succeeded in hammering out an consent of the minorities.
agreement, known as the Poona Pact,
Consequently, though strongly
according to which the idea of separate
disagreeing with the Communal Award,
electorates for the Depressed Classes was
it decided neither to accept it nor to
abandoned.
reject it.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
Hence, statement 2 is also incorrect.
45. Answer: (d)
46. Answer: (c)
Explanation:
Explanation:
Statement 1 is incorrect: The British
Statement 1 is correct: It was Jawahar
policy of „Divide and Rule‟ found another
Lal Nehru who represented at this time at
expression in the announcement of the
its most cogent and coherent this new
Communal Award in August, 1932.
leftist alternative to the Gandhian anti-
The Award allotted to each minority a imperialist programme and strategy.
number of seats in the legislatures to
Accepting the basic analytical framework
be elected on the basis of a separate
of Marxism, Nehru put forward the Left
electorate, that is, the Muslims would
paradigm in a series of speeches, letters,
be elected only by the Muslims, and
articles and books, and his Presidential
the Sikhs only by the Sikhs, and so on.
addresses to the Lucknow and Faizpur
The Muslims, Sikhs and Christians had
Sessions of the Congress in 1936.
already been treated as minorities.
The basic goal before the Indian people,
The Award declared the Depressed
as also before the people of the world, he
Classes (The Scheduled Castes of today)
said, had to be the abolition of capitalism
also to be a minority community, entitled
and the establishment of socialism.
to separate electorate and thus, separated
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
them from the rest of the Hindus. Hence,
statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is also correct: A Kisan
Manifesto was finalized at the All-India
Statement 2 is also incorrect: The
Kisan Committee Session in Bombay, and
Congress was opposed to a separate
formally presented to the Congress
electorate for the Muslims, Sikhs and
Working Committee to be incorporated
Christians, as it encouraged the
into its forthcoming manifesto for the
communal notion that they formed
1937 elections.
separate groups or communities, having
interests different from the general body The Kisan Manifesto considerably
of the Indians. The inevitable result was influenced the agrarian programme
to divide the Indian people and prevent adopted by the Congress at its Faizpur
the growth of a common national Session, which included demands for fifty
consciousness. per cent reduction in land revenue and
rent, a moratorium on debts, the
But the idea of a separate electorate for
abolition of feudal levies, security of
the Muslims had been accepted by the
tenure for the tenants, a living wage for
Congress, as far back as 1916, as a part
the agricultural labourers, and the
of the compromise with the Muslim
recognition of the peasants‟ unions.
League. Hence, the Congress took the
position that though it was opposed to Hence, statement 2 is also correct.

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 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
47. Answer: (a) first accepted the idea of a struggle. The
All-India Congress Committee was then to
Explanation:
meet in Bombay in August to ratify this
In August, 1935, the British Parliament decision. The historic August meeting
passed the Government of India Act of at Gowalia Tank in Bombay was
1935. unprecedented in the popular
Statement 1 is incorrect: The Act enthusiasm it generated. From here
provided for the establishment of an All- the Quit India Movement was
India Federation, to be based on the launched.
union of the British Indian Provinces and Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
the Princely States. The representatives
Statement 2 is also incorrect:
of the States to the Federal Legislature
Gandhiji‟s speech, delivered in his usual
were to be appointed directly by the
quiet and unrhetorical style, recount
Princes, who were to be used to check
many who were in the audience, had the
and counter the nationalists. The
most electrifying impact. He first made it
franchise was limited to about one-sixth
clear that „the actual struggle does not
of the adults.
commence this moment.‟ He followed this
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. up with the now famous exhortation: „Do
Statement 2 is also incorrect: or Die.‟ Gandhiji‟s speech also contained
„Defence‟ and „Foreign Affairs‟ would specific instructions for different sections
remain outside the control of the of the people.
Federal Legislature, while the Viceroy On 7th August, Gandhiji had placed the
would retain special control over other instructions he had drafted before the
subjects. Hence, statement 2 is also Working Committee, and in these he had
incorrect. proposed that the peasants, „who have
Statement 3 is correct: The Provinces the courage, and are prepared to risk
were to be governed under a new system, their all‟, should refuse to pay the land
based on provincial autonomy, under revenue. Where the Zamindari system
which the elected ministers controlled all prevails . . . if the Zamindar makes
the Provincial Departments. Once again, common cause with the Ryot, his
the Governors, appointed by the British portion of the revenue, which may be
Government, retained special powers. settled by mutual agreement, should
They could veto legislative and be given to him. But if a Zamindar
administrative measures, especially those wants to side with the Government, no
concerning the minorities, the rights of tax should be paid to him.‟
the civil servants, law and order, and Hence, statement 2 is also incorrect.
British business interests.
49. Answer: (a)
Hence, statement 3 is correct.
Explanation:
48. Answer: (d)
Statement 1 is correct: The brutal and
Explanation: all-out repression succeeded within a
Statement 1 is incorrect: Though period of six or seven weeks in bringing
Gandhiji himself had begun to talk of the about a cessation of the mass phase of
coming struggle for some time now, it was the struggle. But in the meantime,
at the Working Committee meeting at underground networks were being
Wardha in July, 1942, that the Congress consolidated in various parts of the

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 [RAU’S IAS STUDY CIRCLE]
country. An all-India underground 50. Answer: (c)
leadership, with prominent members,
Explanation:
such as Achyut Patwardhan, Aruna
Asaf Ali, Ram Manohar Lohia, Sucheta Statement 1 is correct: Groups of
Kripalani, Chhotubhai Puranik, Biju people secretly reached Poona to offer
Patnaik, R.P. Goenka and later, after Satyagraha outside the Aga Khan Palace,
his escape from the jail, Jayaprakash where Gandhiji was being held in
Narayan had also begun to emerge. detention. Public meetings demanded his
This leadership saw the role of the release, and the Government was
underground movement as being that of bombarded with thousands of letters and
keeping up the popular morale by telegrams from the people from all walks
continuing to provide a line of command, of life — students and youth, men of
and a source of guidance and leadership trade and commerce, lawyers, ordinary
to the activists all over the country. citizens and labour organizations. A
Leaders‟ Conference was held in Delhi in
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
February, and was attended by
Statement 2 is incorrect: They also prominent men, politicians and public
collected and distributed money, as well figures. They all demanded Gandhiji‟s
as material like bombs, arms and release. Many of those, otherwise
dynamite to the underground groups all unsympathetic to the Congress, felt that
over the country. They, however, did not the Government was going too far in its
see their role as that of directing the exact obduracy. M.S. Aney, N.R. Sarkar and
pattern of activities at the local level. H.P. Mody had supported the
Here, the local groups retained the government in its suppression of the
initiative. Among the places in which local 1942 Movement.
underground organizations were active
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
were Bombay, Poona, Satara, Baroda and
other parts of Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Statement 2 is also correct: The
Andhra, the United Provinces, Bihar and severest blow to the prestige of the
Delhi. The Congress Socialists were government was the resignation of the
generally in the lead, but also active three Indian members of the Viceroy‟s
were the Gandhian Ashramites, Executive Council, M.S. Aney, N.R.
Forward Bloc members and Sarkar and H.P. Mody, in response to
revolutionary terrorists, as well as Gandhi‟s arrest. They were in no mood to
other Congressmen. be a party to Gandhiji‟s death.

Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. Hence, statement 2 is also correct.

Modern India-2 2025 (Test ID: 0839) 19