Instructions: Please fill in the below quiz according to the 5 steps below.
low. You can use the 'Example Sheet' as a referenc
Also format the Correct Answer as Bold and Red Color.
1. Quiz Name: Microbiology
2. Question
Type: 3. Question:
Multiple choice A nurse is working in a hospital setting. Which of the following is the most effect
Multiple choice .A patient is diagnosed with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. What
An immunocompromised patient develops a fungal infection. Which of the following is
an opportunistic fungal infection often seen in such patients?
Multiple choice
A nurse is educating a patient about HIV transmission. Which of the following is the
Multiple choice primary mode of transmission for HIV?
Multiple choice A nurse is concerned about healthcare-associated infections caused by Gram-negative b
Multiple choice A nursing student is studying microorganisms that feed on dead organic material witho
A patient exposed to hepatitis B virus has not yet shown any symptoms. The nurse
Multiple choice explains that the virus is in which stage?
Multiple choice A patient asks, “Will I recover fully from this infection?” The nurse's answer refers to t
Multiple choice Malaria is consistently present in some rural areas of Pakistan. The nurse recognizes this
COVID-19 spread across multiple countries and continents in 2020. This widespread
outbreak is classified as:
Multiple choice
Two patients are infected with the same bacteria, but one develops severe symptoms
while the other has mild illness. This difference is due to the pathogen's:
Multiple choice
A patient develops symptoms after exposure to a chemical substance during
disinfection procedures. This harmful chemical is best described as:
Multiple choice A nursing student is reviewing the differences between human cells and bacterial cells.
She notes that human cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound
Multiple choice [Link] type of cell structure is this describing?
A nurse is studying bacterial infections and notes that bacteria do not have a true
nucleus.
What type of cells are bacteria classified as?
Multiple choice
After caring for a patient with an infectious skin disease, the nurse cleans the
stethoscope and bed [Link] inanimate objects that can transmit infections are
Multiple choice referred
A to as:
nurse administers the hepatitis B vaccine to a newborn. She explains to the mother
that this will help the baby develop immunity against the [Link] term best
Multiple choice describes this process?
A nurse is preparing a patient for a surgical procedure. She ensures all instruments are
sterilized and wears sterile [Link] nursing practice prevents infection by
Multiple choice interrupting which link in the chain of infection?
Multiple choice A nurse in the pediatric ward educates parents about proper handwashing before handling
Multiple choice Who is credited with first observing living microorganisms through a microscope?
Multiple choice Who challenged the theory of spontaneous generation with controlled experiments inv
Multiple choice Which scientist's work supported germ theory and led to pasteurization and vaccine
Multiple choice Which scientist established a set of principles that connect microbes to specific disea?
Multiple choice A nurse reviews a lab report that describes the presence of “rod-shaped bacteria” in a
Multiple choice A nursing student is learning how bacteria multiply rapidly in infected wounds, causin
Multiple choice A microbiology report mentions that the pathogen has flagella, allowing it to move toward
While reviewing a sputum sample, the lab notes spherical-shaped bacteria in
Multiple choice [Link] morphology does this describe?
Multiple choice A nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The or
Multiple choice A nurse is learning about urinary tract infections. The instructor explains that some bac
Multiple choice A nurse working in a microbiology lab notices that E. coli grows rapidly on a medium co
Multiple choice A nursing student observes green cyanobacteria growing in a water sample and is told t
Multiple choice A 12-year-old child presents to the outpatient department with high fever, sore throat
Multiple choice A 40-year-old male presents with a chronic cough, night sweats, and weight loss. A sputu
Multiple choice A female patient presents with burning urination and lower abdominal pain. Her urine c
Multiple choice A farmer presents with muscle stiffness and lockjaw after stepping on a rusty nail. He di
Multiple choice A patient presents with purulent genital discharge and painful urination. Microscopy s
Multiple choice A patient in a flood-affected area presents with severe watery diarrhea described as “ri
Multiple choice A 21-year-old medical student presents with continuous fever, abdominal pain, and constipation af
A nurse observes a painful, red, pus-filled boil on a patient’s arm. Gram stain reveals
Multiple choice Gram-positive cocci in [Link] organism is the likely cause?
A nurse is cleaning a bedpan with a chemical solution to remove most of the harmful
Multiple choice microbes, but not [Link] is this process called?
A surgical instrument that was used in an emergency case is first rinsed and cleaned
Multiple choice with detergent before further [Link] first cleaning step is best referred to as:
A nurse uses a hand sanitizer between patient rounds in the general [Link] primary
Multiple choice purpose of this sanitizer is to:
A post-operative patient develops fever, low blood pressure, and a positive blood
Multiple choice culture showing E. [Link] condition is best described as:
A nurse wears gloves, uses a sterile syringe, and cleans the skin with alcohol before
Multiple choice giving an [Link] is the nurse practicing?
A nurse reads that Drug A kills bacteria while Drug B only inhibits their [Link]
Multiple choice terms correctly classify these two drugs?
Multiple choice In the operating
determine theatre,
the lowest a nurse uses
temperature a high-level
at which chemical tokilled
E. coli is completely cleanwithin
instruments
10 contaminated with
[Link] minimum temperature required to kill all bacteria in 10 minutes is
Multiple choice called:
A nurse is assisting in sterilizing surgical tools at 121°C and wants to know how long
they must be exposed to ensure all microbes are [Link] term describes the
Multiple choice shortest
. A nursetime
readsneeded to kill all organisms
that Clostridium botulinumatspores
a given temperature?
require a certain amount of time at
121°C to reduce their population by 90%.This time required to reduce the microbial
Multiple choice population by 90% at a certain temperature is called:
Multiple choice A nurse is responsible for sterilizing reusable syringes and must follow protocol
Multiple choice Why is peracetic acid an appropriate choice for disinfecting critical care instruments?
. A nursing student learns that the flu virus changes its surface proteins every season,
Multiple choice requiring yearly [Link] are these surface proteins on the virus called?
A patient previously exposed to Salmonella develops immunity and now has
Multiple choice detectable IgG in their [Link] is the role of the antibody IgG in this scenario?
A post-surgical patient develops fever and chills. Blood cultures grow Staphylococcus
Multiple choice [Link] condition is the patient most likely experiencing?
Multiple choice A 21-year-old medical student presents with continuous fever, abdominal pain, and constipation af
A 20-year-old woman develops wheezing, itching, and shortness of breath minutes
Multiple choice after eating [Link] type of hypersensitivity reaction is this?
A patient with seasonal allergies has elevated IgE [Link] antibody is responsible
Multiple choice for Type I hypersensitivity?
A patient develops fever and chills shortly after receiving a mismatched blood
Multiple choice [Link] type of hypersensitivity reaction is this?
Multiple choice A nurse observes that a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia has antibodies at
A patient receives horse antiserum for a snake bite and develops fever, rash, and joint
Multiple choice pain a week later. This is an example of which hypersensitivity?
A patient develops nephritis after chronic hepatitis B due to deposition of immune
Multiple choice complexes
A in [Link]
nursing student administershypersensitivity
a Mantoux testmechanism is involved?
(PPD) to check for tuberculosis
exposure. Redness and induration appear after 48 hours. Which hypersensitivity is
Multiple choice this?
Multiple choice During an IV infusion of antibiotics, a patient suddenly collapses with low blood p
A patient with asthma experiences bronchoconstriction due to mast cell
Multiple choice [Link] mediator is primarily responsible for this reaction?
A young adult complains of sneezing, watery eyes, and nasal congestion every
Multiple choice [Link] hypersensitivity mechanism is responsible?
A patient with severe dust allergy is undergoing desensitization [Link] treatment
Multiple choice targets which hypersensitivity mechanism?
Multiple choice A child with atopic dermatitis has elevated levels of a specific immunoglobulin in
A patient demands antibiotics for a viral sore throat and is given amoxicillin
Multiple choice [Link]
A long-term
hospitalized patient riskwith
is infected does this pose?
Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to all beta-
lactams, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides. How would this organism be
Multiple choice classified?
A nurse is administering antibiotics to a patient with pneumonia. Culture reports arrive
showing the pathogen is resistant to the current [Link] should the nurse
Multiple choice expect the physician to do?
A child recovers from chickenpox and develops lifelong [Link] type of
Multiple choice immunity is this?
A patient receives anti-rabies immunoglobulin after being bitten by a dog. Which type
of immunity is this?
An infant is protected from infections by maternal antibodies passed through breast
milk. What kind of immunity does the infant receive?
A patient produces specific antibodies after hepatitis B [Link] component
of the immune system is activated?
A nurse explains that HIV targets CD4+ cells. Which immune cells are most affected?
A patient is infected with a virus. The immune system activates cytotoxic T cells to kill
infected host [Link] branch of the immune system is primarily responsible?
A cancer patient is being studied for how their immune system targets tumor
[Link] immune cells are most responsible for killing cancer cells?
A patient presents with symptoms of fever, fatigue, and pus formation at a wound
[Link]
A of the
patient with following best
a respiratory describes
infection the patient’s
experiences condition?
increased body temperature,
swelling in the throat, and pain during [Link] sign of inflammation is the
patient
A most
patient likely experiencing?
develops pneumonia after being exposed to Streptococcus pneumoniae. The
bacteria secrete toxins that damage lung [Link] term best describes the ability
ofnewly
A the bacteria to cause
identified disease?
contagious disease is spreading rapidly. Health authorities isolate
infected individuals and limit their contact with healthy [Link] is the
purpose of quarantine in this scenario?
A patient with sepsis experiences systemic vasodilation, leading to a drop in blood
[Link] aspect of the inflammatory response is causing this symptom?
A nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis [Link] link in
During a coughing fit, a patient with influenza expels respiratory droplets into the
A 70-year-old patient undergoing chemotherapy develops a fungal [Link] link
in the chain of infection does the patient represent?
A nurse practices proper hand hygiene before and after patient [Link] part of the
chain of infection is being interrupted?
Several patients develop food poisoning after eating contaminated chicken at a
hospital [Link] is the most likely mode of transmission?
A patient touches a contaminated bedrail and later touches their mouth, resulting in
[Link] is the term for this method of transmission?
A nursing student avoids getting sick during a flu outbreak by washing hands frequently
and not sharing [Link] part of the chain is being interrupted?
A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and admitted to the [Link]
type of isolation is required?
A patient presents with confirmed influenza and is admitted to the medical [Link]
type of isolation precautions should be used?
A nurse is assigned to care for a patient with a wound infected with [Link] type
of isolation is appropriate for this patient?
You are asked to assist in the care of a patient with confirmed COVID [Link]
personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential?
A patient tests positive for COVID-19 with symptoms of cough and [Link]
combination of precautions is appropriate?
A patient has Clostridioides difficile-associated [Link] type of isolation is indicated?
You enter a room of a patient in contact isolation. After care, you remove gloves and
exit the [Link] should you do immediately after removing gloves?
You are caring for a patient under contact precautions due to a wound [Link]
should gloves and gowns be removed?
Two patients with different infections are in the same room. One has C. difficile, the
other has [Link]’s the risk in this scenario?
Visitors want to see a patient in airborne [Link] advice should be given?
A healthy individual’s gastrointestinal tract contains large populations of Lactobacillus
and Bacteroides [Link] is the primary role of these bacteria?
A nurse is assigned to care for a patient diagnosed with Clostridioides difficile infection
(C. diff).What isolation precaution is required?
While caring for a patient under contact precautions, the nurse wears gloves and a
[Link] should the nurse do immediately after removing gloves and gown?
A nurse enters a room under contact precautions and helps reposition a [Link] is the nurse's most
A nurse finishes care for a patient with MRSA in a contact isolation [Link] is the
nurse’s role in environmental infection control?
A patient's family wants to visit while the patient is under contact [Link]
The nurse uses a blood pressure cuff in a contact isolation [Link] should be done
next?
A nurse notices a colleague enters a contact precaution room without [Link] is
the nurse’s responsibility?
A patient on contact precautions needs to go to [Link] is the nurse’s primary
role before transport?
A patient recovering from VRE is considered for removal from contact
[Link] is the nurse’s role?
A nurse is caring for a patient who asks, “Why are you wearing a gown and glove
A nurse enters a patient's room without wearing gloves and [Link] is the most
appropriate action for the nurse to take?
A patient with MRSA requires a dressing [Link] personal protective equip
A nurse is about to enter a room of a patient with C. [Link] is the most critical
step before entering?
A nurse is caring for a patient with [Link] is the recommended duration for co
A nurse is transporting a patient on contact precautions to [Link] should
A nurse notices a colleague entering a contact precaution room without wearing [Link] is
the nurse's responsibility?
A nurse is preparing to leave a contact precaution [Link] is the correct order for
removing PPE?
A nurse is caring for a patient with [Link] additional precaution should the
nurse implement?
A nurse is about to enter a room of a patient with [Link] should the nurse do
first?
A nurse is caring for a patient with a wound [Link] is the most important
infection control measure?
A nursing student accidentally rubs her eye with unwashed hands but doesn’t develop
an infection. What helped prevent infection?
Which is the most common normal flora found in the conjunctiva?
A patient uses antibiotic eye drops regularly without prescription. What is a likely
consequence?
A newborn delivered vaginally is less likely to develop conjunctivitis due to:
Which bacteria is commonly found in normal eye flora and is coagulase-negative?
Why do most healthy people not develop eye infections despite environmental
exposure?
Which of the following is NOT typically part of the normal flora of the eye?
How do tears help maintain healthy eye flora?
Which of the following conditions may lead to an imbalance of normal flora in the eye?
Which anatomical structure of the eye commonly harbors normal flora?
What happens when there is an overuse of antiseptic eye solutions?
Which of the following is a true statement?
What is the primary role of lysozyme in tears?
A nursing student is caring for a TB patient in an isolation ward. What is the main route
of transmission for this disease?
A community reports a sudden outbreak of diarrhea after drinking water from a
common well. What is the likely mode of transmission?
A patient diagnosed with cholera is admitted with profuse watery diarrhea. The most
appropriate preventive strategy is:
A healthcare worker is exposed to a patient with measles. What is the most likely
method of transmission?
A child develops severe diarrhea after swimming in a contaminated pool. Which
microorganism is most likely responsible?
A nursing student contracts hepatitis A after drinking unclean water. What type of
disease is this?
Typhoid fever is most commonly transmitted through:
An outbreak of Legionnaires' disease occurs in a hospital due to contaminated air
conditioning. This is an example of:
A nurse develops flu-like symptoms after caring for a patient with influenza. Which
control measure could have prevented this?
Which of the following diseases is transmitted both by air and water?
Which organism causes a waterborne disease leading to rice-water stools?
A family returns from a picnic and multiple members develop gastroenteritis. They
drank untreated river water. The likely cause is:
A nurse giving care to a TB patient must wear which type of mask?
Boiling water is recommended in rural areas because it:
A patient develops pneumonia after inhaling contaminated water mist. The most likely
causative agent is:
Which disease requires airborne precautions and patient isolation?
'Example Sheet' as a reference.
NOTE: Please do not add or remove Column or Rows
Semester: 1st BSN
4. If you selected multiple choice question, enter answers below each column:
Answer A: Answer B: Answer C: Answer D:
Poor waste
management
Hand hygiene Avoiding vaccinations Overuse of antibiotic
Standard precautions Contact precautions Droplet precautions Airborne precautions
Candidiasis Tuberculosis Malaria Gonorrhea
Airborne Fecal-oral Bloodborne Foodborne
Escherichia coli Clostridium difficile
Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pneumo
Parasites Commensals Saprophytes Pathogens
Recovery period Incubation period Prodromal stage Acute phase
Diagnosis Prognosis Pathogenesis
Etiology
Epidemic Pandemic Endemic Sporadic
Epidemic
Endemic Sporadic Pandemic
Incubation Toxigenicity Virulence Immunogenicity
Toxin Pathogen Allergen Toxicant
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Viral Archaeal
Prokaryotic Multicellular
Eukaryotic Mycotic
Vectors Hosts Fomites Pathogens
Antibody therapy Passive immunity Vaccination Natural infection
Susceptible host Portal of exit
Reservoir Mode of transmission
Reduce dehydration Promote bonding Prevent transmission oEncourage self-care
Louis Pasteur Robert Koch Francesco Redi Antonie van Leeuwenh
Robert Koch Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Francesco Redi Edward Jenner
Robert Koch Edward Jenner Louis Pasteur Joseph Lister
Louis Pasteurses Robert Koch Alexander Fleming Ignaz Semmelweis
Cocci Bacilli Spirilla Vibrios
Budding Mitosis Binary fission Conjugation
Reproduction Protein synthesis Movement Toxin production
Bacilli in chains Diplococci Cocci in clusters Spirilla
It forms spores It has a capsule It is anaerobic It produces flagella
Pili Capsule Flagella Endotoxins
Enzymes Nutrients Vitamins Hormones
Chemoheterotrophs Photoautotrophs Saprophytes Parasites
Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Haemophilus influenzaCorynebacterium diphth
Streptococcus pneumoniae Mycobacterium tuberculosiKlebsiella pneumoniae Legionella pneumophila
Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella pneumoniae Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aerugino
Clostridium perfringens Clostridium tetani Bacillus cereus Staphylococcus aureus
Treponema pallidum Neisseria gonorrhoeae Chlamydia trachomatisGardnerella vaginalis
Shigella dysenteriae Salmonella typhi Vibrio cholerae Campylobacter jejuni
E. coli Salmonella typhi Shigella flexneri Vibrio cholerae
Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus aureus Clostridium perfringen Mycobacterium leprae
Sterilization Disinfection Antisepsis Decontamination
Sterilization Decontamination Antisepsis Sanitization
Kill spores Clean visible dirt Reduce microbial load Sterilize the hands
Asepsis Sepsis Disinfection Sterilization
Disinfection Aseptic technique Passive immunity Sanitation
A = antiseptic; B = sanitizer A = bactericidal; B = bacteriA = fungistatic; B = fungA = disinfectant; B = a
Antiseptic Disinfectant Sanitizer Sporicide
Thermal Death Time Decimal Reduction Time Thermal Death Point Minimum Inhibitory Te
Thermal Death Time Thermal Death Point Pasteurization Time Holding Time
TDP TDT DRT Critical Control Time
It helps maintain cooling rates It determines drug dosage It ensures microbes aIt detects contaminati
It is only effective against bacte It requires a very long contIt is effective against b It leaves toxic residue
Antibodies Antigens Macrophages Complement proteins
Produces antigens Enhances bacterial growth Neutralizes pathogens Destroys red blood cells
Bacteriuria Septic arthritis Bacteremia Viral infection
Narrow-spectrum antibiotic targAntiviral medication Broad-spectrum antibioAntifungal therapy
Type I (Immediate) Type II (Cytotoxic) Type III (Immune compType IV (Delayed)
IgA IgG IgE IgM
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
IgE-mediated T-cell mediated Immune complex deposComplement inhibition
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
A. Localized infection Type II hypersensitivity Septic shock Anaphylactic shock
Interleukin-2 Histamine Tumor necrosis factor Interferon-gamma
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
. T-cell cytotoxicity Immune complex formationIgE production IgM neutralization
IgG IgA IgE IgM
The patient will become immune
It increases the chance of anIt prevents other viral It will strengthen their
Gram-negative commensal Susceptible pathogen Multidrug-resistant (MEnvironmental contami
Continue the current treatmentAdd more antibiotics blindl Switch to an antibiotic Stop all treatment
Natural active Natural passive Artificial active Artificial passive
Natural active Natural passive Artificial active Artificial passive
Artificial passive Natural active Natural passive Artificial active
Macrophages B lymphocytes T lymphocytes Neutrophils
. B cells Helper T cells Cytotoxic T cells Natural killer cells
Humoral immunity Passive immunity Cell-mediated immunitInnate immunity
B lymphocytes Macrophages Cytotoxic T cells Mast cells
Infection Inflammation Pathogenesis Contamination
Redness Heat Pain Loss of function
Pathogenesis Infection Incubation Immunity
To prevent the spread of the di To treat the infected indivi To increase the severitTo reduce inflammation
Cytokine release Pathogen adherence Neutrophil infiltration Antibody production
A. Reservoir Mode of transmission Infectious agent Portal of entry
Portal of exit Portal of entry Susceptible host Mode of transmission
Reservoir Portal of entry Susceptible host Mode of transmission
Infectious agent Portal of exit Mode of transmission Susceptible host
Direct contact Airborne Vehicle-borne Vector-borne
Direct transmission Airborne transmission Vector transmission Fomite-based transmiss
Reservoir Portal of exit Mode of transmission Portal of entry
Contact isolation Droplet isolation Airborne isolation Standard isolation
Contact precautions Airborne precautions Droplet precautions Neutropenic precaution
Airborne Droplet Contact Protective
Surgical mask only Gloves and gown N95 respirator Face shield only
Contact and Airborne only Droplet and Contact Contact, Droplet, and Standard precautions o
A. Droplet Contact Airborne Reverse
Remove your gown Wash your hands Dispose of PPE Close the door
Before leaving the room After washing hands At the nurse's station After doffing face shield
Improved airflow Faster recovery Cross-contamination Decreased infection risk
Visitors may enter freely No PPE is needed for brief viVisitors must wear an No need for hand hygien
Cause infection Assist in digestion and pre Trigger inflammation Produce toxins
Airborne Contact Droplet Protective
Apply hand sanitizer Exit the room Wash hands with soap Put on a mask
Change gloves only Disinfect stethoscope Change PPE and perforWear shoe covers
Ensure surfaces are cleaned oncLeave equipment inside for Notify housekeeping foDiscard linens in standa
Wear gloves and gown when enRemove shoes before enterAvoid touching any surNo need for precaution
Disinfect cuff before reuse Store cuff in a clean supply Use it immediately in Leave it on the floor
Ignore it Report to infection control Educate the colleague Notify the patient
Remove PPE and allow free mo Cover infected areas and i Have the patient wear Delay transport until pa
Decide based on symptom imp Request infectious disease cRemove signage Discharge the patient
It’s hospital policy." "To keep me from getting si"To protect both of us Because your condition i
Continue with the assessment Immediately exit the room Proceed without PPE if Ask
t the patient to wear
Gloves and gown Gloves and surgical mask Gloves only Gloves, gown, and face
Wear gloves and gown Perform hand hygiene withWear a surgical mask Disinfect the stethosco
24 hours Until the patient is asympFor the duration of theUntil laboratory resul
Allow the patient to wear a sur Ensure the patient is cover Discontinue contact prdon’t move patient for t
Ignore the incident Report the colleague to m Educate the colleague Wait for infection contr
Gloves, gown, mask Gown, gloves, mask Mask, gown, gloves Gloves, mask, gown
Airborne precautions Contact precautions Droplet precautions No additional precautio
Put on gloves Perform hand hygiene Don a gown Put on a surgical mask
Administering antibiotics Keeping the wound coveredPerforming hand hygienUsing antiseptic solutio
Macrophages in retina Corneal nerves Lysozyme and normal fEyelashes
Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidisPseudomonas aeruginoNeisseria gonorrhoeae
Strengthened eye immunity Development of fungal infeEradication of normal fIncreased tear producti
Sterile delivery environment Presence of maternal IgG Acquisition of normal fUse of silver nitrate dro
Streptococcus pyogenes Staphylococcus epidermidisStaphylococcus aureusNeisseria meningitides
The cornea regenerates quickly The retina filters pathogensPresence of normal flo Eyelashes block microb
Corynebacterium species Staphylococcus epidermidisPseudomonas aeruginoNon-pathogenic Neisser
They provide nutrients for bacteThey kill all bacteria They remove pathogens
They eliminate all microb
Watching bright screens Regular eye blinking Use of broad-spectrumWearing sunglasses
Retina iris Conjunctiva Cornea
Improved vision Decreased eye pressure Disruption of normal fl More tear production
The normal flora never causes eEye flora always causes dis Normal flora can becomEye flora includes virus
Stimulates pupil movement Inhibits fungal growth Breaks down bacterial cEnhances vision clarity
. Fecal-oral Vector-borne Airborne droplets Contaminated food
Airborne Waterborne Vector-borne Contact
Covering mouth while coughingUsing mosquito nets Treating and boiling dr Wearing gloves during s
Touching surfaces Blood transfusion Airborne via respiratorInsect bite
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Salmonella typhi Giardia lamblia Bordetella pertussis
Waterborne viral Airborne viral Zoonotic bacterial Vector-borne protozoal
Sneezing and coughing Contaminated water or fooMosquito bites Direct skin contact
Direct contact transmission Zoonotic infection Waterborne via aerosoFoodborne illness
Insect repellent Surgical mask and hand hygUsing gloves for injecti Boiling water before dri
Typhoid TB Influenza COVID-19 (potentially vi
Vibrio cholerae . E. coli Mycobacterium tubercu
Streptococcus pneumon
Airborne dust Polluted drinking water Breathing cold air Contact with infected p
Cloth mask Surgical mask N95 respirator No mask needed
Prevents air pollution Increases oxygen in water Kills most pathogens Improves taste
E. coli Bordetella Legionella pneumophilSalmonella
Typhoid Giardiasis Tuberculosis Cholera
5. Write the correct answers
Only
Hand hygiene
Contact precautions
Candidiasis
Bloodborne
Escherichia coli
Saprophytes
Incubation period
Prognosis
Endemic
Pandemic
Virulence
Toxicant
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Fomites
Vaccination
Mode of transmission
Prevent transmission of microbes
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Francesco Redi
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Bacilli
Binary fission
Movement
Cocci in clusters
It has a capsule
Flagella
Nutrients
Photoautotrophs
Streptococcus pyogenes
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Escherichia coli
Clostridium tetani
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Vibrio cholerae
Salmonella typhi
Staphylococcus aureus
Disinfection
Decontamination
Reduce microbial load
Sepsis
Aseptic technique
A = bactericidal; B = bacteriostatic
Sporicide
Thermal Death Point
Thermal Death Time
DRT
It ensures microbes are killed without damaging instruments
It is effective against bacteria, viruses, spores, and fungi
Antigens
Neutralizes pathogens and provides long-term protection
Bacteremia
Broad-spectrum antibiotic
Type I (Immediate)
IgE
Type II
Type II
Type III
Immune complex deposition
Type IV
Anaphylactic shock
Histamine
Type I
IgE production
IgE
It increases the chance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organism
Switch to an antibiotic the organism is susceptible to
Natural active
Artificial passive
Natural passive
B lymphocytes
Helper T cells
Cell-mediated immunity
Cytotoxic T cells
Infection
Pain
Pathogenesis
To prevent the spread of the disease
Cytokine release
Infectious agent
Portal of exit
Susceptible host
Mode of transmission
Vehicle-borne
Fomite-based transmission
Mode of transmission
Airborne isolation
Droplet precautions
Contact
N95 respirator
Contact, Droplet, and Airborne
Contact
Wash your hands
Before leaving the room
Cross-contamination
Visitors must wear an N95 mask
Assist in digestion and prevent pathogen colonization
Contact
Wash hands with soap and water
Change PPE and perform hand hygiene
Notify housekeeping for thorough cleaning
Wear gloves and gown when entering the room
Disinfect cuff before reuse
Educate the colleague immediately
Cover infected areas and inform receiving department
Request infectious disease consult or lab clearance
"To protect both of us and prevent the spread of infection."
Immediately exit the room and don appropriate PPE
Gloves and gown
Perform hand hygiene with soap and water
Until laboratory results confirm clearance
Ensure the patient is covered and inform radiology staff
Educate the colleague on proper PPE use
Gloves, gown, mask
Contact precautions
Perform hand hygiene
Performing hand hygiene before and after care
Lysozyme and normal flora
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Eradication of normal flora
Acquisition of normal flora
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Presence of normal flora and tear defense
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
They remove pathogens and support normal flora with lysozyme
Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics
Conjunctiva
Disruption of normal flora
Normal flora can become opportunistic
Breaks down bacterial cell walls
Airborne droplets
Waterborne
Treating and boiling drinking water
Airborne via respiratory droplets
Giardia lamblia
Waterborne viral
Contaminated water or food
Waterborne via aerosols
Surgical mask and hand hygiene
COVID-19 (potentially via aerosols and surfaces)
Vibrio cholerae
Polluted drinking water
N95 respirator
Kills most pathogens
Legionella pneumophila
Tuberculosis
Open-
A
ended
Multiple
B
choice
C
