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Ot Ganic

Organic chemistry focuses on carbon compounds, excluding carbon oxides and carbonates, due to carbon's ability to form diverse compounds through various bonding. Compounds are categorized into homologous series based on shared functional groups and general formulas, with examples including alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols. Hydrocarbons, composed solely of carbon and hydrogen, can be saturated (single bonds) or unsaturated (double or triple bonds).

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38 views1 page

Ot Ganic

Organic chemistry focuses on carbon compounds, excluding carbon oxides and carbonates, due to carbon's ability to form diverse compounds through various bonding. Compounds are categorized into homologous series based on shared functional groups and general formulas, with examples including alkanes, alkenes, and alcohols. Hydrocarbons, composed solely of carbon and hydrogen, can be saturated (single bonds) or unsaturated (double or triple bonds).

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nakatuddecathy18
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

This is a branch of chemistry concerned with study of carbon compounds except


oxides of carbon, carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Carbon forms a wide range of compounds and it is for this reason that its
compounds form a full branch of chemistry called organic chemistry.
Carbon’ s ability to form a large number of compounds is due to the fact that:
I. Carbon forms four covalent bonds hence can bond to different
atoms/groups of atoms.
II. Carbon can form single or double or tripple bonds to itself.

Organic compounds are divided into different groups called homologous series
Dfn:A homologous series is a group of organic compounds with the same
functional group and are related to each other by the same general formula.
The members of each homologous series:
I. differ from the next by methylene(-CH2) group.
II. Have similar chemical properties
III. Show a particular pattern of change in physical properties

Dfn: A functional group is an atom or group of atoms or bonds which determines


the chemical properties of compounds in homologous series.
The table below shows examples of homologous series, their functional groups
and their general formula

Homologous series Functional group General formula


Alkanes C – C (single bond) Cn H2n+2
Alkenes C=C (double bond) Cn H2n
Alkynes C≡C (triple bond) CnH2n-2
Alcohols -OH (hydroxyl group) CnH2n+1 OH
Carboxylic acids -COOH (carboxyl group) CnH2n+1 COOH

- A large number of organic compounds is made up of carbon and hydrogen


only. These are called hydrocarbons.
Hydrocarbons
A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains carbon and hydrogen only.
Hydrocarbons have a molecular formula, C xHy, where x and y are whole numbers.
There are three main types of hydrocarbons. These include:
1. Alkanes
2. Alkene
3. Alkynes
In hydrocarbons, carbon atoms may be bonded to each other by single or double or triple
bonds.
Saturated and unsaturated organic compounds
 A saturated compound is one in which all carbon atoms are bonded to
each other by single bonds. Each carbon is bonded to four other atoms and

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