Introduction to Network Science
1. What is Network Science?
Network Science is an interdisciplinary field that studies complex systems using the language and
framework of graph theory. It is concerned with understanding the structure, behavior, and evolution
of systems that can be represented as a network. Examples of such systems include social
networks (e.g., Facebook), biological systems (e.g., neural networks), technological systems (e.g.,
the Internet), and ecological systems (e.g., food webs). Each of these can be abstracted into nodes
(entities) and edges (relationships), making them ideal for analysis using network science.
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Mapping of Real-World Situations into Networks
1. Introduction
Mapping real-world situations into networks is the foundational step in applying network science to
practical problems. This process involves identifying the entities involved (nodes) and the
relationships between them (edges) so that they can be represented and analyzed using graph
theory. Almost any system involving relationships, interactions, or flows can be abstracted into a
network, whether its social, technological, biological, economic, or ecological in nature.
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