Computer Operator

Computer operators have specialized knowledge of computer systems, networks, mainframes, and hardware. One of their main objectives is to make sure their companys computers are secure and operating properly. These specialists must be prepared for potential problems and resolve issues when they arise. Computer operators responsibilities depend on the amount and type of computer equipment they maintain, as well as the instructions received from their companies. Operators usually control an entire mainframe with a single computer. Relying on programming instructions, operators program a computer to perform a specific task. When necessary, operators load machines with documents, disks, and tapes. Computer operators monitor a computers control center and reply to incoming messages. People detail the specific information for a project or program through these incoming messages. When an error indicator pops up on the screen, computer operators must determine the problem and terminate it or resolve the issue. They also keep records of all computer problems and other important events occurring during their work day. Some operators have simple duties such as backing up files, checking for viruses or other malicious malware, updating software, and performing routine repairs while assisting other computer operators with system tests and debugging. More operators now use personal computers (PCs) or minicomputers often interlinked with other networks in offices known as multi-user systems or local area networks (LANs). Even though some employees supervise the networks, operators usually maintain networks. They specialize in network security and perform comparable functions on PCs as the larger computer systems. Since companies want to save money and improve productivity, they are using more automated software that performs the job of a computer operator. Automated software can run software checks, forward messages, download new software, and mount tapes. More operators now maintain databases and networks or answer user questions. Work environment. Computer operators usually perform their work in comfortable offices. Since many companies leaving their computer systems running 24 hours a day, operators sometimes work nights and weekends. Computer operators with more seniority usually choose the shifts they work. New technology is decreasing the demand for operators to work night and weekend shifts. Operators are increasingly using database and telecommunication technology to maintain computer systems and document problems other operators will monitor when their shifts begin. Since computer operators sit in front of computers all day, they can experience back pain, eye problems, and joint problems such as carpel tunnel syndrome.

Career in Computer Operator

Alternative Titles for Computer Operator: Computer Programmers Computer Support Specialists System Administrators Computer operators are no wonder, the functional life buoys of the whole computer-processing unit. Akin to the role of a life buoy, these genius elves save any PC from crashing. With the help of their expert operative skills, they are literally the lifesaviours of the varied computer programmes resolving the breakdown of any computer part, removing faulty running or error messages, ensuring non-attack by viruses and if so, then devising ways of eradicating them. Thus, possessing an extensive knowledge about the assorted activities of the computer, these professionals are truly the software guardians. Computer operators oversee the operation of computer hardware systems, ensuring that these machines are used as efficiently as possible. Computer operators may work with mainframes, minicomputers, or networks of personal computers. Computer operators must anticipate problems and take preventive action, as well as solve problems that occur during operations. The duties of computer operators vary with the size of the installation, the type of equipment used, and the policies of the employer. Generally, Computer operators control the console of either a mainframe digital computer or a group of minicomputers. Working from operating instructions prepared by programmers, users, or operations managers, computer operators set controls on the computer and on peripheral devices required to run a particular job.

Computer operators load equipment with tapes, disks, and paper, as needed. While the computer is runningwhich may be 24 hours a day for large computerscomputer operators monitor the control console and respond to operating and computer messages. Messages indicate the individual specifications of each job being run. If an error message occurs, operators must locate and solve the problem or terminate the program. Operators also maintain logbooks or operating records, listing each job that is run and events, such as machine malfunctions, that occur during their shift. In addition, computer operators may help programmers and systems analysts test and debug new programs. A computer programmer prepares a computer program for obtaining the required data output. Computer Operators also process the operations of computer hardware systems, including minicomputers, networks of personal computers (PCs) and mainframes, ensuring efficient use. Others may be retrained to perform different job duties, such as supervising an operations center, maintaining automation packages, or analyzing computer operations to recommend ways to increase productivity. Checking system performances and recording of problems are also inclusive within their varied fundamental duties. Tasks and Duties of a Computer Operator: a) Scheduling b) Loading and downloading programs c) Mounting tapes d) Rerouting messages e) Running periodic reports f) Monitoring batch processes Areas of Speciallisation of a Computer Operator: In the future, operators who wish to work in the computer field will need to speciallise in: Programming

Automation software Graphics interface Client/server environments Open system

Job Description - Computer Programmer: A computer programmer writes the programs computers use to perform their functions. The programmer follows the specifications given to him or her by a computer software engineer Employment Facts - Computer Programmer: There were 426,000 computer programmers employed in 2008. Educational Requirements - Computer Programmer: To work as a computer programmer one must usually have a bachelor's degree, generally in computer science, mathematics, or information systems. Some computer programmers take coursework in computer science while earning their

degrees in accounting, finance and business. Some of those working as computer programmers earn an associate's degree or certificate. Other Requirements - Computer Programmer: Programming skills and experience are highly valued in this field, particularly knowledge of object-oriented languages and tools such as C++ and Java. In addition, working computer programmers must constantly update their skills to keep up with changing technology. Advancement Opportunities - Computer Programmer: After gaining experience, a computer programmer may be promoted to a managerial position. One with business experience may become a programmeranalyst or systems analyst. Specialized knowledge and experience with a language or operating system can lead to a computer programmer becoming a computer software engineer. Job Outlook - Computer Programmer: Employment of computer programmers, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts, is expected to decline slowly through 2018. Earnings - Computer Programmer: Median annual earnings of computer programmers were $70,940 in 2009. Use the Salary Wizard at Salary.com to find out how much a Computer Programmer currently earns in your city. A Day in a Computer Programmer's Life: On a typical day a computer programmer's tasks might include:

Correcting errors by making appropriate changes and rechecking the program to ensure that the desired results are produced. Conducting trial runs of programs and software applications to ensure that they will produce the desired information and that the instructions are correct.

Compiling and writing documentation of program development and subsequent revisions, inserting comments in the coded instructions so others can understand the program. Writing, updating, and maintaining computer programs or software packages to handle specific jobs such as tracking inventory, storing or retrieving data, or controlling other equipment. Consulting with managerial, engineering, and technical personnel to clarify program intent, identify problems, and suggest changes. Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, Computer Software Engineers and Computer Programmers, on the Internet athttp://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos110.htm (visited November 1, 2010). Employment and Training Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, O*NET Online, Computer Programmer, on the Internet at http://online.onetcenter.org/link/details/15-1021.00 (visited November 9, 2010). Should You Become a Computer Programmer? Take a Quiz to Find Out. Career Choice for Beginners How to Choose a Career More Career Profiles Free Career Planning Class Computer Programmer and Other Computer Careers Comparing Computer Careers Computer Programmer Jobs Computer Jobs from About.com Computer Programmer Jobs from Indeed.com Related Articles

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CAREER GUIDE FOR COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST

SOC Code: 15-1051 Pay Band(s): 4, 5 and 6 (Salary Structure) Standard Occupational Description: Analyze science, engineering, business, and all other data processing problems for application to electronic data processing systems. Analyze user requirements, procedures, and problems to automate or improve existing systems and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and scheduling limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially available software. May supervise computer programmers. Computer Systems Analyst positions in the Commonwealth are assigned to the following Roles in the Information Technology Specialist Career Group: Information Technology Specialist I Information Technology Specialist II Information Technology Specialist III While Computer Systems Analysts within the Commonwealth are all located within the Information Technology Specialist Career Group, individuals may want to pursue other opportunities within the Commonwealth depending upon individual training, education, knowledge, skills, abilities, and interests. Other Career Group(s) that may be of interest are: Architecture and Engineering Services Audit and Management Services Computer Operations Electronics Policy Analysis and Planning

SKILLS, KNOWLEDGE, ABILITIES AND TASKS

(Technical and Functional Expertise) Skills Note: The technical and functional skills listed below are based on general occupational
qualifications for Computer Systems Analysts commonly recognized by most employers. Typically, you will not be required to have all of the skills listed to be a successful performer. Recruitment and selection standards for an individual state job must be based on the specific knowledge, skills, and abilities for that job as indicated in the job announcement and job description in the Employee Work Profile.

1. Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. 2. Writing computer programs for various purposes. 3. Determining causes of operating errors and deciding what to do about it. 4. Analyzing needs and product requirements to create a design. 5. Communicating effectively in writing as appropriate for the needs of the audience. 6. Conducting tests and inspections of products, services, or processes to evaluate quality or performance. 7. Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. 8. Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. 9. Talking to others to convey information effectively. 10. Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. Knowledge Note:The technical and functional knowledge statements listed below are based on general
occupational qualifications for Computer Systems Analysts commonly recognized by most employers. Typically, you will not be required to have all of the knowledge listed to be a successful performer. Recruitment and selection standards for an individual state job must be based on the specific knowledge, skills, and abilities for that job as indicated in the job announcement and job description in the Employee Work Profile.

The Knowledge of: 1. Circuit boards, processors, chips, electronic equipment, and computer hardware and software, including applications and programming. 2. Structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. 3. Principles and methods for curriculum and training design, teaching and instruction for individuals and groups, and the measurement of training effects. 4. Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications.

5. Principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Abilities Note: The technical and functional abilities listed below are based on general occupational
qualifications for Computer Systems Analysts commonly recognized by most employers. Typically, you will not be required to have all of the abilities listed to be a successful performer. Recruitment and selection standards for an individual state job must be based on the specific knowledge, skills, and abilities for that job as indicated in the job announcement and job description in the Employee Work Profile.

The Ability to: 1. 2. 3. 4. Read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Communicate information and ideas in writing so others will understand. Choose the right mathematical methods or formulas to solve a problem. Listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. 5. Apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. 6. See details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). 7. Communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. 8. Come up with a number of ideas about a topic (the number of ideas is important, not their quality, correctness, or creativity). 9. Tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. 10. Combine pieces of information to form general rules or conclusions (includes finding a relationship among seemingly unrelated events). Tasks Note: The following is a list of sample tasks typically performed by Computer Systems Analysts.
Employees in this occupation will not necessarily perform all of the tasks listed.

Tasks 1. Analyze information processing or computation needs and plan and design computer systems, using techniques such as structured analysis, data modeling and information engineering. 2. Assess the usefulness of pre-developed application packages and adapt them to a user environment. 3. Confer with clients regarding the nature of the information processing or computation needs a computer program is to address. 4. Define the goals of the system and devise flow charts and diagrams describing logical operational steps of programs.

5. Determine computer software or hardware needed to set up or alter system. 6. Develop, document and revise system design procedures, test procedures, and quality standards. 7. Expand or modify system to serve new purposes or improve work flow. 8. Interview or survey workers, observe job performance and/or perform the job in order to determine what information is processed and how it is processed. 9. Provide staff and users with assistance solving computer related problems, such as malfunctions and program problems. 10. Recommend new equipment or software packages.

INTERESTED?
Like people, occupations have traits or characteristics. These characteristics give important clues about the nature of the work and work environment, and give you an opportunity to match your own personal interests to a specific occupation. When you choose a job in an occupation that matches your own interests you have taken an important step in planning a successful and rewarding career. The Computer Systems Analysts occupation has Investigative, Conventional and Realistic characteristics as described below: Investigative Investigative occupations frequently involve working with ideas, and require an extensive amount of thinking. These occupations can involve searching for facts and figuring out problems mentally. Conventional Conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow. Realistic Realistic occupations frequently involve work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They often deal with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the occupations require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.

LICENSURE, REGISTRATION, OR CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

Generally this is not required for Computer Systems Analysts positions in state government. Certification is a way to demonstrate a level of competence in a particular field. Some product vendors or software firms offer certification and require professionals who work with their products to be certified. Many employers regard these certifications as the industry standard. One certifying organization for Certified Systems Professional (CSP) is the Institute

for Certification of Computing Professionals: http://www.iccp.org/ Certification may enhance professional growth and career progression.

EDUCATIONAL, TRAINING, AND LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES

The Department of Labor provides the following information: Systems analysts solve computer problems and apply computer technology to meet the individual needs of an organization. They help an organization to realize the maximum benefit from its investment in equipment, personnel, and business processes. Systems analysts may plan and develop new computer systems or devise ways to apply existing systems' resources to additional operations. They may design new systems, including both hardware and software, or add a new software application to harness more of the computer's power. Most systems analysts work with specific types of systemsfor example, business, accounting, or financial systems, or scientific and engineering systemsthat vary with the kind of organization. Some systems analysts also are known as systems developers orsystems architects. For systems analyst, programmer-analyst, and database administrator positions, many employers seek applicants who have a bachelor's degree in computer science, information science, or management information systems (MIS). MIS programs usually are part of the business school or college and differ considerably from computer science programs, emphasizing business and management-oriented course work and business computing courses. The level of education and type of training that employers require depend on their needs. One factor affecting these needs is changes in technology. Employers often scramble to find workers capable of implementing hot new technologies. Those workers with formal education or experience in information security, for example, are in demand because of the growing need for their skills and services. As technology becomes more sophisticated and complex, employers demand a higher level of skill and expertise from their employees. Individuals with an advanced degree in computer science or computer engineering or with an MBA with a concentration in information systems should enjoy highly favorable employment prospects. College graduates with a bachelor's degree in computer science, computer engineering, information science, or MIS also should enjoy favorable prospects for employment, particularly if they have supplemented their formal education with practical experience. Because employers continue to seek computer specialists who can combine strong technical skills with good interpersonal and business skills, graduates with non-computer-science degrees, but who have had courses in computer programming, systems analysis, and other information technology areas, also should continue to find jobs in these computer fields. In fact, individuals with the right experience and training can work in these

computer occupations regardless of their college major or level of formal education. The State Council of Higher Education lists many Virginia educational institutions offering programs in computer science on their web site: http://research.schev.edu/degreeinventory/inventory_

COMMONWEALTH COMPETENCIES
Competencies are a set of identified behaviors, knowledge, skills, and abilities that directly and positively impact the success of employees and the organization. Competencies can be observed and measured. When consistently demonstrated, competencies make employees particularly effective in their work. Competencies help lay out a road map to career success. You can use the Commonwealth Competencies to help improve your individual performance by adopting behaviors that make high performing employees successful in their jobs. In this way, you can use the Commonwealth Competencies for your further professional development. The Commonwealth Competencies are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Technical and Functional Expertise Understanding the Business Achieving Results Serving the Customer Teamwork Interpersonal and Communication Skills Leadership and Personal Effectiveness

The above competencies may be applied to employees throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia. They can be rank-ordered by agencies and hiring managers to represent the needs of a specific job. The rank ordering will change depending upon the occupation, an organization's priorities, the actual job requirements, and the supervisor's preferences. Career success is both about what you do (applying your technical knowledge, skills, and ability) and how you do it (the consistent behaviors you demonstrate and choose to use) while interacting and communicating with others. Hopefully, by studying the Commonwealth competencies, identifying your developmental opportunities, and working to refine your own competence, you can take charge of your career! For additional information about the Commonwealth Competencies go to: http://jobs.state.va.us/cc_planningctr.htm For the competencies, we first list the competencies and then define each. Finally, we list competency indicators; to describe what successful performance looks like.

COMMONWEALTH CAREER PATH

Career opportunities in the Commonwealth are not limited to moving up to the next highest role and pay band, changing positions, or to becoming a supervisor. That's because most roles describe a broad group of occupationally related positions that perform a range of work that requires increased knowledge and skills. For that reason, Commonwealth roles describe the career paths within the same or higher-level role for the same or different Career Group. The broad salary range and the Commonwealth's pay practices provide flexibility in recognizing career development and advancement. (Salary Structure) For example: Computer Systems Analysts PAY PRACTITIONER ROLES BAND 4 Information Technology Specialist I Information Technology Specialist II 6 Information Technology Specialist III 6 7 8 Information Technology Manager I Information Technology Manger II Information Technology Manager III PAY MANAGER ROLES BAND

Sample Career Path Information Technology Specialist I This role provides a career track for entry-level computer systems analysts applying basic skills in the areas of Applications/Programming, Systems Engineering, Network Analysis, IT Analysis and Equipment and Applications Specialty. Requires knowledge or equivalent experience in the field. Information Technology Specialist II This role provides a career track for computer systems analysts applying journey to advanced skills in the areas of Applications Programming/Analysis, Network Analysis, and IT Analysis and specialist level positions in Systems Analysis. Information Technology Specialist III

This role provides career tracks for computer systems analysts performing as expert in the areas of Applications Programming/Analysis, Network Analysis, IT Analysis. The first track is as a technical consultant. The second track has lead level responsibilities for instructing, directing, and monitoring the work of staff. These tracks can lead to supervisory responsibilities. Requires knowledge and extensive experience in computer systems analysis. Supervisory levels also require leadership experience in the function. Information Technology Manager I This role provides a career track for managers in the equipment and applications specialty. They require knowledge and considerable leadership experience in computer systems analysis. Information Technology Manager II This role provides a career track for managers in the field of Information Technology who has program direction with several units or sections. Directs, through subordinate supervisors, all program, operations, and staff in assigned area. Requires knowledge and substantial leadership experience in computer system analysis. Information Technology Manager III This role provides a career track for executive director level positions in the field of Information Technology providing services to multiple state agencies in a multitechnology environment. Requires knowledge and extensive leadership experience in the functional area.

Computer and Information Systems Managers

Nature of the Work Training, Other Qualifications, and Advancement Employment Job Outlook Projections Earnings Wages Related Occupations Sources of Additional Information

Significant Points

Employment is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations. A bachelor's degree in a computer-related field usually is required for management positions, although employers often prefer a graduate degree, especially an MBA with technology as a core component. Many managers possess advanced technical knowledge gained from working in a computer occupation. Job prospects should be excellent.

Nature of the WorkAbout this section

In the modern workplace, it is imperative that Information Technology (IT) works both effectively and reliably. Computer and information systems managers play a vital role in the implementation and administration of technology within their organizations. They plan, coordinate, and direct research on the computer-related activities of firms. In consultation with other managers, they help determine the goals of an organization and then implement technology to meet those goals. They oversee all technical aspect of an organization, such as software development, network security, and Internet operations. Computer and information systems managers direct the work of other IT professionals, such as computer software engineers and computer programmers, computer systems analysts, and computer support specialists (information on these occupations can be found elsewhere in the Handbook). They plan and coordinate activities such as installing and upgrading hardware and software, programming and systems design, the implementation of computer networks, and the development of Internet and intranet sites. They are increasingly involved with the upkeep, maintenance, and security of networks. They analyze the computer and information needs of their organizations from an operational and strategic perspective and determine immediate and long-range personnel and equipment requirements. They assign and review the work of their subordinates and stay abreast of the latest technology to ensure that the organization remains competitive. Computer and information systems managers can have additional duties, depending on their role within an organization. Chief technology officers (CTOs),for example, evaluate the newest and most innovative technologies and determine how these can help their organizations. They develop technical standards, deploy technology, and supervise workers who deal with the daily information technology issues of the firm. When a useful new tool has been identified, the CTO determines one or more possible implementation strategies, including cost-benefit and return on investment analyses, and presents those strategies to top management, such as the chief information

officer (CIO). (Chief information officers are covered in a separate Handbook section on top executives.) Management information systems (MIS) directors or information technology (IT) directors manage computing
resources for their organizations. They often work under the chief information officer and plan and direct the work of

subordinate information technology employees. These managers ensure the availability, continuity, and security of data and information technology services in their organizations. In this capacity, they oversee a variety of technical departments, develop and monitor performance standards, and implement new projects.

IT project managers develop requirements, budgets, and schedules for their firms information technology projects.
They coordinate such projects from development through implementation, working with their organizations IT workers, as well as clients, vendors, and consultants. These managers are increasingly involved in projects that upgrade the information security of an organization.

Work environment. Computer and information systems managers generally work in clean, comfortable offices.
Long hours are common, and some may have to work evenings and weekends to meet deadlines or solve unexpected problems; in 2008, about 25 percent worked more than 50 hours per week. Some computer and information systems managers may experience considerable pressure in meeting technical goals with short deadlines or tight budgets. As networks continue to expand and more work is done remotely, computer and information systems managers have to communicate with and oversee offsite employees using laptops, e-mail, and the Internet. Injuries in this occupation are uncommon, but like other workers who spend considerable time using computers, computer and information systems managers are susceptible to eyestrain, back discomfort, and hand and wrist problems such as carpal tunnel syndrome.

Computer and information systems managers oversee a variety of workers, including systems analysts, support specialists, and software engineers.

Training, Other Qualifications, and AdvancementAbout this section

Computer and information systems managers generally have technical expertise from working in a computer occupation, as well as an understanding of business and management principles. A strong educational background and experience in a variety of technical fields is needed.

Education and training. A bachelor's degree in a computer-related field usually is required for management
positions, although employers often prefer a graduate degree, especially an MBA with technology as a core component. Common majors for undergraduate degrees are computer science, information science, or management information systems (MIS).

A bachelors degree in a computer-related field generally takes 4 years to complete, and includes courses in computer science, computer programming, computer engineering, mathematics, and statistics. Most also include general education courses such as English and communications. MIS programs usually are part of the business school or college, and contain courses such as finance, marketing, accounting, and management, as well as systems design, networking, database management, and systems security. MBA programs usually require 2 years of study beyond the undergraduate degree, and, like undergraduate business programs, include courses on finance, marketing, accounting, and management, as well as database management, electronic business, and systems management and design. A few computer and information systems managers attain their positions with only an associate or trade school degree, but they must have sufficient experience and must have acquired additional skills on the job. To aid their professional advancement, many managers with an associate degree eventually earn a bachelor's or master's degree while working.

Certification and other qualifications. Computer and information systems managers need a broad range of
skills. Employers look for individuals who can demonstrate an understanding of the specific software or technology used on the job. Generally, this knowledge is gained through years of experience working with that particular product. Another way to demonstrate this trait is with professional certification. Although not required for most computer and information system management positions, certification demonstrates an area of expertise, and can increase an applicants chances of employment. These high-level certifications are often product-specific, and are generally administered by software or hardware companies rather than independent organizations. Computer and information systems managers also need a thorough understanding of business practices. Because information technology is a central component of many organizations, these workers often must make important business decisions. Consequently, many firms seek managers with a background in business management, consulting, or sales. These workers also must possess good leadership and communication skills, as one of their main duties is to assign work and monitor employee performance. They also must be able to explain technical subjects to people without technical expertise, such as clients or managers of other departments.

Advancement. Computer and information systems managers may advance to progressively higher leadership
positions in an information technology department. A project manager, for instance, might be promoted to the chief technology officer position and then to chief information officer. On occasion, some may become managers in nontechnical areas such as marketing, human resources, or sales because in high technology firms an understanding of technical issues is helpful in those areas.

EmploymentAbout this section

Computer and information systems managers held about 293,000 jobs in 2008. About 16 percent worked in the computer systems design and related services industry. This industry provides IT services on a contract basis, including custom computer programming services; computer systems design and integration services; and computer facilities management services. Other large employers include insurance and financial firms, government agencies, business management organizations, and manufacturers.

Job OutlookAbout this section

Faster than average employment growth is expected, and job prospects should be excellent.

Employment change. Employment of computer and information systems managers is expected to grow 17 percent
over the 2008-18 decade, which is faster than the average for all occupations. New applications of technology in the workplace will continue to drive demand for workers, fueling the need for more managers. To remain competitive, firms will continue to install sophisticated computer networks and set up more complex intranets and websites. They

will need to adopt the most efficient software and systems and troubleshoot problems when they occur. Computer and information systems managers will be needed to oversee these functions. Because so much business is carried out over computer networks, security will continue to be an important issue for businesses and other organizations, and will lead to strong growth for computer managers. Firms will increasingly hire security experts to fill key leadership roles in their information technology departments because the integrity of their computing environments is of utmost importance. The growth of computer and information systems managers should be closely related to the growth of the occupations they supervise. For information on these occupations, see the Handbook sections on computer software engineers and computer programmers; computer systems analysts; computer network, systems, and database administrators; computer scientists; and computer support specialists. Among computer and information systems managers, job growth is expected to be the fastest in computer systems design establishments; software publishing firms; data processing and hosting companies; management, scientific, and technical consulting services; and healthcare organizations. Increased consolidation of IT services may reduce growth to some extent in other industries.

Job prospects. Prospects for qualified computer and information systems managers should be excellent. Workers
with specialized technical knowledge and strong communications and business skills, as well as those with an MBA with a concentration in information systems, will have the best prospects. Job openings will be the result of employment growth and the need to replace workers who transfer to other occupations or leave the labor force.

Projections DataAbout this section

Projections data from the National Employment Matrix

Occupational Title Computer and information systems managers

SOC Code 11-3021

Employment, 2008 293,000

Projected Employment, 2018 342,500

Change, 2008-18 Number 49,500 Percent 17

NOTE: Data in this table are rounded. See the discussion of the employment projections table in the Handbook introductory chapter onOccupational Information Included in the Handbook.

EarningsAbout this section

Wages of computer and information systems managers vary by specialty and level of responsibility. Median annual wages of these managers in May 2008 were $112,210. The middle 50 percent earned between $88,240 and $141,890. Median annual wages in the industries employing the largest numbers of computer and information systems managers in May 2008 were as follows:

Software publishers Computer systems design and related services Management of companies and enterprises Depository credit intermediation Insurance carriers

$126,840 118,120 115,150 113,380 109,810

In addition to salaries, computer and information systems managers, especially those at higher levels, often receive employment-related benefits, such as expense accounts, stock option plans, and bonuses.

Project manager consultant

Consult with users, management, vendors, and technicians to assess computing needs and system requirements. Stay abreast of advances in technology. Meet with department heads, managers, supervisors, vendors, and others, to solicit cooperation and resolve problems. Review project plans to plan and coordinate project activity. Develop and interpret organizational goals, policies, and procedures. Provide users with technical support for computer problems. Evaluate the organization's technology use and needs and recommend improvements, such as hardware and software upgrades. Evaluate data processing proposals to assess project feasibility and requirements. Develop computer information resources, providing for data security and control, strategic computing, and disaster recovery. Prepare and review operational reports or project progress reports. Direct daily operations of department, analyzing workflow, establishing priorities, developing standards and setting deadlines. Review and approve all systems charts and programs prior to their implementation. Assign and review the work of systems analysts, programmers, and other computer-related workers. Recruit, hire, train and supervise staff, or participate in staffing decisions. Purchase necessary equipment. Control operational budget and expenditures. Manage backup, security and user help systems