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Classification 2

The document outlines the classification of the Kingdom Monera, introduced by Copeland in 1956, which includes unicellular and prokaryotic organisms divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Archaebacteria are ancient bacteria that thrive in extreme environments, while Eubacteria have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan. The document also describes the classification of bacteria based on shape and nutrition.

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28 views2 pages

Classification 2

The document outlines the classification of the Kingdom Monera, introduced by Copeland in 1956, which includes unicellular and prokaryotic organisms divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. Archaebacteria are ancient bacteria that thrive in extreme environments, while Eubacteria have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan. The document also describes the classification of bacteria based on shape and nutrition.

Uploaded by

inosukeisnotagirl
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CLASSIFICATION

 Kingdom Monera:
 This kingdom was introduced by Copeland in 1956

Fundamental characters of the kingdom:

 They are unicellular and prokaryotic.


 The kingdom is broadly divided into two groups : Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

 Archaebacteria:

Fundamental characters:

 Most ancient group of bacteria, living in extreme environmental conditions where others kinds
of bacteria cannot survive.
 Lack peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
 Lipids in their plasma membrane are branched.
 The phototrophic forms use the pigment bacteriorhodopsin instead of bacteriocholorophyll as in
eubacteria:
Methanogens Halophiles Thermoacidophils
Present in anaerobic conditions like Present in regions of high Present in hot sulphur springs.
bogs, swamplands, guts of salinity. In conditions of about 80◦C,
ruminant animals. They use this high salt high heat and low pH.
They produce methane gas and concentration to generate They oxidize sulphur to
hence find application in biogas ATP. sulphuric acid (when aerobic)
plants. Halobacterum, Reduce sulphur to hydrogen
Methanobacterium, Halococcus. sulphide(when anaerobic)
Methanococcus. Thermoplasma,
Sulfobolus.

 Eubacteria:
 Unicellular prokaryotes.
 In the cell wall of bacteria there are two important sugar
derivatives are found i.e., NAG and NAM (N-acetyl
glucosamine and N-acetyl muramic acid) and besides L
or D - alanine, D-glutamic acid and diaminopimelic acid
are also found.
 One of the unique components of cell wall of bacteria is
peptidoglycan or mucopeptide or murien (made of
mucopolysaccharide + polypeptide).
 In peptidoglycan, NAG and NAM are joined by short
peptide chains or cross bridges of amino acids.
 Classification of bacteria on the basis of
shape:
 Coccus (spherical) : – Monococcus (single sphere)
Dicoccus/diplococcus (in groups of
two)
Streptococcus (in chains)
Staphylococcus (in cluster)
 Bacillus (rod shaped) : - Diplobacillus (groups of
two)
Streptobacillus (in chain)
 Spiral
 Vibrio (comma shaped)
 Classification of bacteria on the basis of nutrition:

Photoautotrophs Chemoautotrophs Hetertrophs

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