CSEC Integrated Science Paper 2 –
May/June 2021
Question 1: Energy and Electricity
1. (a) State TWO forms of energy.
1. Kinetic Energy – The energy possessed by a moving object.
2. Potential Energy – The stored energy of an object due to its position or state.
2. (b) Explain what happens to the energy in a spring when it is stretched.
It stores energy in the form of elastic potential energy, which is released when it returns to
its original shape.
3. (c) Calculate the momentum of a 35,000 kg vehicle moving at 25 km/h.
Convert velocity: 25 km/h = 6.94 m/s
Momentum = 35,000 × 6.94 = 242,900 kg·m/s.
4. (d) Name the parts I, II, and III on a circuit diagram.
I – Battery
II – Switch
III – Resistor
5. (e) Calculate resistance using R = V/I.
All values result in 2.0 Ω.
6. (f) Plot a graph of current vs. potential difference.
Plot: (1.5,0.75), (3.0,1.5), (4.5,2.25), (6.0,3.0), (7.5,3.75). Draw a straight line.
7. (g) Label the axes on the graph.
X-axis: Potential Difference (V)
Y-axis: Current (A)
8. (h) Describe the trend observed.
Current increases proportionally with voltage (linear relationship).
9. (i) Determine the current at 8.5 V.
I = V/R = 8.5 / 2 = 4.25 A.
Question 2: Food Preservation and Safety
10. (a) Name TWO types of food additives and their function.
Preservatives – prevent spoilage. Coloring agents – improve appearance.
11. (b) Define ‘food preservation’.
The process of treating food to prevent spoilage by microorganisms or enzymes.
12. (c) Name the method of preservation used to make raisins.
Drying or dehydration.
13. (d) Explain the preservation method for jam.
Adding sugar and heating: sugar draws out water, heat kills microbes.
14. (e) How does refrigeration preserve jam after opening?
Slows microbial growth by lowering temperature.
15. (f) Why wash hands before handling food?
To remove harmful bacteria and prevent contamination.
Question 3: Acids, Bases, and Environmental Chemistry
16. (a) Name a chemical to remove a wine stain.
Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).
17. (b) Complete the equation: Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide → ___ + ___
Sodium chloride + Water.
18. (c) Color change of blue litmus paper in:
i. Acid
ii. Base
i. Red
ii. Stays blue
19. (d) TWO dangers of using muriatic acid.
1. Skin burns 2. Harmful fumes
20. (e) TWO protective equipment for handling HCl.
1. Gloves 2. Safety goggles
21. (f) Why does a metal gate near the beach rust quickly?
Salt accelerates corrosion.
22. (g) Why children near factories have respiratory problems?
Pollutants from factories irritate the lungs.
Question 4: Soil and Plant Growth
23. (a) One method of physical soil formation.
Freeze-thaw: water expands in cracks and breaks rock.
24. (b) One component of fertile soil.
Humus.
25. (c) Classify soil samples X, Y, Z.
X – Sandy, Y – Clay, Z – Loam.
26. (d) Describe plant growth trend in Y and Z.
Z had steady growth, Y was slow and stunted.
27. (e) Reason for differences in plant growth.
Loam has better air, water, and nutrients.
28. (f) Which is likely volcanic soil?
Sample Z – high fertility and mineral content.
Question 5: Air Pollution and Energy Consumption
29. (a) Outline how acid rain forms.
SO₂ and NOₓ combine with water vapor to form acids that fall as rain.
30. (b) ONE effect of acid rain.
Damages plants and aquatic life.
31. (c) THREE ways to reduce fossil fuel use.
1. Use public transport
2. Energy-efficient devices
3. Renewable energy
32. (d) ONE suitable alternative energy for cities and reason.
Solar – clean and can be installed on rooftops.
33. (e) Why commuters experience discomfort in traffic.
Build-up of pollutants like CO causes breathing issues.
Question 6: Plastics and Water Pollution
34. (a) THREE negative effects of plastic use.
1. Land/water pollution
2. Slow decomposition
3. Releases toxic fumes
35. (b) TWO uses of recycled plastics.
1. Plastic containers
2. Construction materials
36. (c) TWO physical properties of water.
1. Universal solvent
2. High heat capacity
37. (d) Define eutrophication.
Excess nutrients cause algae overgrowth in water bodies.
38. (e) TWO effects of eutrophication on aquatic life.
1. Sunlight blocked
2. Oxygen depletion kills fish.
