PERSONAL AND CIVIC RESPONSIBILITIES
Readings in the Philippines History and Society
1. On what date were Andres and Procorpio Bonifacio executed?
A. May 8, 1897
B. May 10, 1897
C. May 12, 1897
D. May 14, 1897
2. Who exposed the Katipunan as a secret society aimed to oust Spanish authorities in the Philippines?
A. Emilio Aguinaldo
B. Teodoro Patiño
C. Zues Salazar
D. Juan Sebastian Elcano
3. Where was the first ever Easter Mass in the Philippines - a landmark in the history of Philippine
Christianity held?
A. Masao, Butuan
B. Limasawa, Southern Leyte
C. Cebu City
D. Metro Manila
4. They were pure breed Spaniards born in Spain and sent to Spanish colonies to govern.
A. Insulares
B. Peninsulares
C. Illustrados
D. Indios
5. This was given by the man to the wet nurse of the girl he wishes to marry..
A. Dowry – Prior to marriage, the man requires to give it
B. Panghihimuyat- a gift for the bride’s parents
C. Bigay-kaya -a piece of land or gold
D. Bigay-suso
6. Pio Valenzuela's controversial 'Cry of Pugad Lawin' was a later version of the first rally of the Katipunan,
conflicting with his initial account of the 'Cry of Balintawak.' Anent to this, we also have the version of
General Santiago Alvarez. What do you call his version?
A. First Cry - Gregoria de Jesus
B. The Cry Cry of Katipunan- none existing
C. The Cry of Bahay Toro
D. El Grito de Rebellion- cry of rebellion
7. What was the password of the "kawals (soldiers)" of the Katipunan?
A. Rizal
B. Gomburza
C. Anak ng Bayan
D. bibiko
8. The leader of an unpacified areas in the Philippines during Spanish era.
A. Alcalde Mayor
B. Cabeza de Barangay
C. Gobernadorcillo
D. Corregidor
9. Arrange the following groups of missionaries in the order they arrived in the Philippines:
1.Society of Jesus (SJ)
2.Order of St. Augustine (OSA)
3.Order of Augustinian Recollects (OAR)
4. Order of Preachers (OP)
5.Order of Friars Minor (OFM)
A.1, 2, 4, 5, 3
B. 2, 5, 1, 4, 3
C. 5, 3, 2, 1, 4
D. 2,4,5,1,3
10. Who was the 9th president of the Philippines?
A. Roxas
B. Macapagal
C. Marcos Sr.
D. Magsaysay
Readings in the Philippines History and Society
On May 10, 1897, Andres Bonifacio, the Father of the Philippine Revolution and founder of the Katipunan,
and his brother Procopio were executed in the mountains of Maragondon, Cavite by General Emilio
Aguinaldo's men for being guilty of treason and sedition. This occurred after the death sentence was
commuted to indefinite exile by Aguinaldo.
Emilio Aguinaldo- He became a leader of the Katipunan
Teodoro Patiño- the one who exposed the Katipunan as a secret society aimed at overthrowing Spanish
authorities in the Philippines
Zues Salazar-advocated the use of Filipino in historical discourse.
Juan Sebastian Elcano- sailed as master of the Concepción (was a Basque navigator who completed the
first circumnavigation of the Earth.)
Kinds of Membership
Katipon (Member)
Outfit:
black hood, with a triangle of white ribbons, inside of which were the letters Z, Li, B
Password:
Anak ng Bayan
Monthly Dues:
one real fuerte (old money), or 125 centimos, or 20 cuartos
Kawal (Soldier)
Outfit:
green hood, with triangle of white lines, at the three angles were the letters Z, Li, B
suspended from the neck was a green ribbon with a medal, with the letter K in the ancient Tagalog
script inscribed in the middle
Password:
Gom-Bur-Za
Mothly Dues:
-Twenty centavos
Bayani (Patriot)
Outfit:
red mask, with white triangle, inside of which was the KKK, Z, Li, B
red sash with green borders
Password:
Rizal
Monthly Dues:
two real Fuertes (old money), or 25 centimos, or 40 cuartos
Local Government Unit of the Philippine Under Imperial Spain
The Life and Works of Rizal
1. A lovely woman was at that store. Assuming that she was a store staffer, Rizal asked if she knew English.
And to her surprise, she was very fluent in Japanese, English, and French. What was the name of that
woman having cameo-like beauty, charming tenderness, and high intelligence?
A. Usui-san Usui-san
B Meguro
C. Oishi-Shan
D. O-Sei-San
The woman in the question is described as having cameo-like beauty, charming tenderness, and high
intelligence. The name "O-Sei-San" is a Japanese name that could be associated with these qualities
Therefore, it is likely that the correct answer is O-Sei-San. O-Sei-San (Seiko Usui) is well documented as
the woman Rizal had a close relationship with during his time in Japan.
2. While studying at UST, Rizal organized a secret society of Filipino students called:
A.Indios Bravos
B. Compadre de Indios
C. Companerismo
D. Companions of Jehu
After studying at the Ateneo, Jose Rizal enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas (UST), a Dominican
school that was established in 1611.
In response to the discrimination and mistreatment that he and his fellow Filipino students faced, Rizal
founded a secret society of Filipino students called "Compañerismo." Rizal was the president of this
society, and his cousin, Galicano Apacible, was the secretary.
Compañerismo (Comradeship) -Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in UST 1880.
3. What was the primary goal of the Propaganda Movement, which Rizal was part of?
A. To achieve Philippine independence through armed revolution
B. To promote reforms and equality under Spanish rule
C. To establish a monarchy in the Philippines
D. To create a new religion
4. Where did José Rizal complete his medical studies?
A. University of Santo Tomas
B. University of Paris
C. University of Heidelberg
D. Ateneo Municipal
On February 3, 1886, after gathering some experience in ophthalmology, he left Paris and went to
Heidelberg, Germany.
He worked at the University Eye Hospital under the direction of Dr. Otto Becker, a distinguished German
ophthalmologist.
Jose Rizal earned a Licentiate in Medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid, where he also took
courses in philosophy and literature. It was in Madrid that he began writing Noli Me Tangere. He also
attended classes in the University of Paris and, in 1887, he completed his eye specialization course at the
University of Heidelberg. It was also in that year that Rizal's first novel was published in Berlin.
5. In which European city did José Rizal write the final chapters of Noli Me Tangere?
A. Madrid
B. Berlin
C. Paris
D. Vienna
The Writing of Noli
- Toward the end of 1884 Rizal began writing the novel and finished one half of it.
-He went to Paris in 1885 after finishing his studies he continued writing the other half of Noli. He
finished the last fourth of the novel in Germany.
- He wrote the last chapters in Wilhemsfeld in April-June 1886.
-In Berlin in Feburary 1886 Rizal made his final revisions on the manuscript of Noli. He was sick and
penniless, he saw no hope in publishing Noli which lead him to a momentary fit of desperation.
-Rizal received a telegram from Dr. Maximo Viola who was coming to Berlin
-Viola arrived shortly before Christmas, shocked that he saw Rizal living in poverty and sickly due to lack of
proper nourishment
-Upon seeing Rizal's novel he loaned Rizal for living expenses
-After Christmas Rizal put the finishing touches on his novel
-To save expenses he deleted a Chapter named "Elias and Salome"
-February 21, 1887 Noli me Tangere was ready for printing
-The printing of the novel costed P300 for 2000 copies
JOSE RIZALS SIBLING
1. SATURNINA-Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel
Timoteo Hidalgo
2. PACIANO- Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child
3. NARCISA-married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal, a teacher and musician.
Also, known as Dona Sisa and can recite from memory all the poems of Jose
Rizal and married to Antonio Lopez.
4. OLYMPIA Marfied Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator in Manila died in
1887 from childbirth.
5. LUCIA- Married Matriano Herbosa who died in cholera and was denied a
Chirstian burial
6.MARIA The only sister of Rizal who lived up to 1950'%
7JOSE RIZAL -He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,1896.
B. CONCEPCION The eight child. Died at the age of three.
9. JOSEFA An epileptic, died a spinster
10. TRINIDAD Died a spinster and the last of the family to die
11. SOLEDAD- The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero. Studied at La
Concordia College where she and Leonor Rivera where classmates.
7. What was the name of the ship Rizal boarded when he left the Philippines for the first time?
A. SS España
B. SS Salvadora
C. SS Europa
D. SS Filipinas
Who was José Rizal's first love?
A. Leonor Rivera
B. Segunda Katigbak
C. Josephine Bracken
D. O-Sei-San
9. Who was Rizal's last romantic partner, often referred to as his common-law wife?
A. Segunda Katigbak
B. Leonor Rivera
C. Josephine Bracken
D. Nelly Boustead
Rizal has been living in despair with missing his family in Calamba and the passing of his
childhood sweetheart, Leonor Rivera, and that's when he met a 18-year old Irish girt,
Josephine Brackan.
Bracken came to Dapitan February 1895 with her blind foster father, George Taufer and
a filipinanamed Manuela Ortac and Rizal, as a famous ophthalmic surgeon, his friend, Julio
Llorente referredthem to him.
Rizal and Bracken fell in love, considering it as "Love at first sight" and got married
within a month which Taufer hardly agreed upon. The parish priest of Dapitan, Father
Pedra Obach, refused to marry the two unless they were permitted by the Bishop of
Cebu.
With these following events, Taufer, Bracken's foster father, returned to Hong Kong,
uncured, while the two, Rizal and Josephine, exchanged vows before God which offended
Father Obach.
A year after, Josephine got pregnant but gave birth to a one-month premature baby boy
who only lived for only three hours and they burned him in Dapitan, bearing the name
Francisco, after Rizal father.
10. On what date was José Rizal executed?
A. December 28, 1896
B. December 29, 1896
C. December 30, 1896
D. December 31, 1896
The Spanish spectators shouted Viva Españal
The mitary band played Marcha de Cadiz
Rizal's body was secretly buried at Paco Cemetery where later it was traced by his
sister
The remains of Rizal's were cleaned in Higino Mercado's house in Binondo and were
given to Doña Teodora
His remains were laid to rest inside the Rizal monument in Luneta
On December 30, 1896, Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal, the greatest man of the Malayan
race, was shot to death at Bagumbayan (present day Luneta or Rizal parki, Manila, by
a firing squad of native soldiers, on the accusation of political conspiracy and sedition,
and rebellion against the Spanish government in the Philippines
Ethics
1. Which among the following is not a weakness of a filipino?
A. Talangka mentality
B. Xenocentrism
C. Extreme Personalism
D. Bahala na attitude
-Extreme Family Centeredness
-Extreme personalism
-Lack of discipline
-Lack of initiative
-Colonial Mentality
-Kanya-kanya syndrome
-Lack of self-analysis
-Emphasis on Porma rather than substance
2. In Sociology, what do you call the non-moral standards or rules?.
A. values
B. folkways
C. laws
D customs
3. These are situations where the decision-maker has moral duty to do one thing, but is tempted or under
pressure to do something else.
A. Moral dilemma
B. Ethical dilemma
C. False dilemma
D. Leila De Lima
For example: a lawyer or an accountant can face an opportunity to prioritize self-interest over the client’s
interest
4. Which among the following is the process of learning the components of life-material as well as non-
material- in one's culture?
A. Acculturation
B. Enculturation
C. Inculturation
D. Assimilation
5. "It ensures that by 2030, there is gender equality."
A. SDG-3
B. SDG-11
C. SDG-5
D. SDG-12
The number of languages which Rizal could speak?
MORE OR LESS 22
First written novel of Rizal
NOLI ME TANGERE (Touch me Not )
Place where the novel Noli Me Tangere was published
BERLIN (1887)
City where the novel the El Filibusterismo was published
GHENT (1891)
The spanish priest who denounced Dr. Rizal's novels as enemies of the catholic region?
FR. JOSE RODRIGUEZ
A supporter of the propaganda movement and Rizal's best friend
DR. FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT
The book written by Rizal in defence of alleged laziness of the Filipinos
LA INDOLENCIA DE LOS FILIPINOS (the indolence of Filipinos)
Spanish governor who SIGNED the death sentence of Dr. Rizal
GEN. CAMILIO G. DE POLAVIEJA
A translation of Rizal's farewell poem written by Andres Bonifacio in Tagalog
PAHIMAKAS
Place where Dr. Rizal conceived the idea of establishing Liga Filipina, a civic association composed of
Filipinos
HONGKONG
Dr. Rizal dedicated his famous poem "A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA" (to the filipino youth)
THE LIBERAL MINDED STUDENTS AT THE UST
To whom dr. Rizal send his letter with this line: "I AM INNOCENT OF THE CRIME OF REBELLION. I
AM GOING TO DIE WITH A TRANQUIL CONSCIENCE"
FERDINAND BLUMENTRITT
The priest who baptized Rizal
FR. RUFINO COLLANTES
In 1868, Don Kiko brought Rizal to this pilgrimage
PENAFRANCIA
The complete name of our national hero.
JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA
In what school did Jose Rizal finish his medical. course?
UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID
The mother of Jose Rizal was imprisoned for how many years due to allegedly poisoning her cousin-in-law?
2 YEARS AND 6 MONTHS
The ninth child of Francisco and Teodora who was an epileptic and died a spinster.
JOSEFA
SIBLINGS OF RIZAL
1. Saturnina- married Manuel Hidalgo
2. Paciano- student of Father Jose Burgos (GOMBURZA)
3. Narcisa- Doña Sisa; can recite all poems of Rizel; married Antonio Lopez
4. Olympia- married Silvestre Ubaldo
5. Lucia- married Mariano Herbosa
6. Maria- married Daniel Faustino Cruz
7. Jose Rizal -7th of 11 siblings; National Hero
8. Concepcion-known as Concha; died at the age of
9. Josefa-a spinster
10. Trinidad-also a Spinster
11. Soledad-married Pantaleon Quintero, studied at La Concordia College
The title "El Filibusterismo" means
SUBVERSIVE
The main character of Noli Me Tangere is
CRISOSTOMO IBARRA
The main character of El Filibusterismo is
ISAGANI
-Noli Me Tangere was inspired by
UNCLE TOM'S CABIN
Simoun is a wealthy jeweller who came back to the Philippines after how many years?
13 years
Pilosopo Tasyo is a character in Noli Me Tangere personified by whom in reality?
PACIANO
The heaven-sent financer of Noli Me Tangere.
MAXIMO VIOLA
The novel, El Filibusterismo came off the press with the financial assistance of
VALENTIN VENTURA
The girlfriend of Isagani who dumped him for another man, believing that she has no future if she marries
him.
PAULITA GOMEZ
The famous Rizal monument in Luneta was not the work of a Filipino but a Swiss sculptor. What was the
sculptor's name?
RICHARD KISSLING
The surname Mercado when translated to English means?
MERCHANT
Rizal's dog name is
UZMAN/USMAN
Name of Dr. Jose Rizal's son
FRANCISCO (The name his son after his father Francisco Mercado)
Rizal discovered 3 species
Draco rizali (Wandolleck), a specie.of flying dragon,
Rachphorous rizali (boetger), a hitherto unknown specie of toad
Apogonia rizali (Heller), a small beetle, which were later named after him.
HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES
A. Geographical Location
1. Land Bridge Theory
Theorizes that the Philippines was once part of mainland Asia. It was a land mass bridging the Asian
continent to Indonesia, New Guinea, up to the Australian Continent.
2. Volcanic Origin
Proposed by Dr. Bailey Willis.
Philippines came into existence after eruptions of volcanoes beneath the Pacific Ocean.
3. Legend of Mu or Lemuria
Both Philippines and Indonesia were then part of a Pacific Continent called Mu or Lemuria, which sunken
during the prehistoric period. Influenced by the legend of the lost continent of Atlantis.
4. Legend of Manaul
A bird creature of Philippine Mythology in the Code of Kantilaw.
5. Continental Drift Theory
The continental drift hypothesis (introduced by Alfred Wegener in 1912) states that at one point in time,
all of the continents were joined together as one large mass of land, then the land spread apart and
drifted into their current positions.
B. Peopling of Islands
1. Creation Theory
Biblical Account - Genesis
Day 1 - Created the light and darkness
Day 2 - Sky and sea
Day 3 - Land
Day 4-Sun and moon
Day 5- Birds and fish
Day 6-animals, man and woman
Day 7- God rests
2. Migration Theory
Proposed by Henry Otley Beyer.
First- Dawnmen (through land bridge)
Second - Aetas or Negritos (through land bridge)
Third -Indonesians (thorough boats)
Fourth - Malays (through boats)
3. Evolution Theory (Pirates)
II. Pre-Colonial Philippines
A. Government
Barangay is the pre-colonial political unit which is composed of 30 to 100 families.
Datu or Raja chieftain ruler of the Barangay or in the Muslim Community
The datu exercise executive, legislative and judicial powers.
Executive - This branch is responsible for enforcing the laws of the land.
Legislative - They make laws.
Judicial - The administration of justice.
B. Economics
Hunting, Gather and Barter System - gold, salt, rice (medium)
Industry - ironworking, boatbuilding, pottery, weaving, gold working.
Agriculture - farming, horticulture
Trade and commerce - foreign and domestic.
C. Social Class
The social ranks were as follows:
1. The datu class or the ruling class;
2. The maharlika or the aristocracy;
3. The timagua (pronounced timawa) of the common class; and the
4. alipin (also known as uripon among the Visayans) or the dependent class.
The Boxer Codex, an anonymous late 16th century manuscript mentioned that only men were qualified for
the title.
Two types of alipin:
1. Aliping Namamahay (householder) - alipin land rights. He owned a house. He came at his master's
call to work on the fields and do other services.
2. The aliping sagigilid (gilid is the part of the house where the stove is) where member of the
master's household who ate from their masters pot.
D. Education
Writing System – Baybayin
Informal education
Domestic chores/practical skills
III. Hispanization of the Philippines
The fifteenth and sixteenth centuries brought an era of worldwide exploration and expansion that resulted
from the desire to gain new lands, power, and wealth for the explorers and their countries. The goals of the
Europeans for their expansion can be into God, gold and glory. 3gs
Spanish Expeditions in the Philippines:
A. Ferdinand Magellan
Magellan led an expedition for Spain to Moluccas by sailing west.
Accompanying him Fr. Pedro de Valderrama (fleet chaplain), Antonio Pigafetta (chronicler), Duarte de
Barbosa (Magellan's brother-in-law) and his Malay slave Enrique of Malacca (interpreter).
Five ships of Magellan: Trinidad, Conception, Santiago, San Antonio, and Victoria.
March 16, 1521 - they saw the island of Samar.
Had blood compact with Rajah Kolambu Such expedition brought him into a group of islands which they
called Archipelago of St. Lazarus (later renamed Philippines after King Philip II of Spain).
They anchored on Homonhon and later sailed to an islet south of Leyte where they celebrated the first mass
on March 31, 1521.
B. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
In 1565, Miguel Lopez de Legaspi arrived to establish a permanent settlement in the Philippines Island.
He concluded blood compact with Sikatuna, chief of Bohol, then a treaty of friendship with Rajah Tupas
of Cebu where the first Spanish settlement (San Miguel) was established. It was later renamed Santissimo
Nombre de Jesus (City of the Most Holy Name of Jesus).
Political Changes
Government was centralized after 250 years. Philippines the was administered through the Council of Indies.
Spaniard implemented reduccion plan of Fr. Juan de Plasencia, which required the natives to live in the
area near the church.
Governor - General:
The King's official representative to the colony.
CUMPLASE - the right of the governor to suspend the operation of a Royal Decree coming from the King.
The usual formula in exercising the right to cumplase was: I obey but do not comply.
Provincial governments started with encomiendas which were rewards given by the Spaniards who helped
in the pacification. Encomienderos were empowered to collect taxes, protect and convert native to
Catholicism. Due to abuses perpetrated by encomienderos.
Provinces are called Alcaldia headed by Alcalde Mayor for pacified areas and Corregimientos heady by
Corregidor.
Cities are called Ayuntamiento headed by two alcalde.
Towns are called Pueblos headed by Gobernadorcillo.
Barangays were trained and headed by a cabeza de barangay.
a. Taxation: started as tribute for 8 reales (about one peso). This was abolished in 1884 and personal cedula
poll tax based on income was instituted for residents 18 years of age and above.
b. Forced labor/polo y servicio - male from 16 to 60 years were required to render service to government
for 40 days supposedly with daily allowance and food ration.
c. Galleon Trade of Manila -Acapulco -products coming from Manila were shipped to Acapulco, Mexico on
trade vessel called Galleons.
Education
It was controlled by Friars. Religious orders founded the first school and colleges. University of Sto. Tomas
was the first founded in 1611.
University of Sto. Tomas -oldest school College of San Ignacio - first college for boys in 1589.
College of Santa Potenciana - first college for girls in 1594.
Racial Hierarchy
Peninsulares - full blooded Spaniards-born in Spain
Insulares - full blooded Spaniards born in the Philippines. 1
Tornatras - person of mixed Spanish, Chinese -and Austronesian descent.
Mestizo de Espanol - person of mixed Spanish and Austronesian descent.
Mestizo de Sangley -person of mixed Chinese and Austronesian ancestry.
Sangley - full-blooded Chinese
Indio-full-blooded Austronesian
Illustrados - middle class
Growth of Filipino Nationalism
Nationalism - devotion to or advocacy of national unity and independence.
1. Spread of Liberalism
When Spain gradually exposed, the Philippines to the international commerce in the late 18th and early 19th
centuries, liberal ideas from Europe filtered in.
2. Racial Prejudice
The Spaniards commonly regarded to the Filipino natives as belonging to the inferior race and called them
indios.
3.Cavite Mutiny of 1872
A rebellion against Gov. Gen. Rafael Izquierdo under the leadership of Sergeant Lamadrid.
February 17, 1872 - execution of GomBurza, by the order of Gov. Gen Inquierdo.
Propaganda Movement
A peaceful campaign for reforms geared towards changing the political and social order on the country
under the Spanish rule.
Aims of Propaganda:
a. Make the Philippines a province of Spain.
b. Equality of Filipino and Spaniards
c. Wanted representation in the Spanish Cortes
La Solidaridad - The organ of Propaganda edited Marcelo H. del Pilar
Diariong Tagalog - nationalistic newspaper edited by Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Colonial Period: Propagandist
Graciano Lopez Jaena - publisher of La Solidaridad, pen name Fray Botod and Diego Laura
Marcelo H. Del Pilar – the editor and co-publisher of the La Solidaridad and wrote under the name
Plaridel, Dolores Manapat, Piping Dilat and Pupdoh.
Antonio Luna -wrote for La Solidaridad under the name taga-ilog.
Jose Maria Panganiban -wrote for Solidaridad under the name Jomapa.
La Solidaridad -was established on February 15,1889
Jose Rizal - Dimasalang at Laun-laan Apolinario Mabini - Paralitiko
Andres Bonifacio - Paralitiko
Maria Ponce Kalipulako -tikbalang, Naning at
Juan Luna - Potacio
Jose Dela Cruz - Husengsisiw
Pio Valenzuela - Madlang-awa
Melchora Aquino - Tandang Sora
Emilio Jacinto - Dimas-ilaw
La Liga Filipina - a civic society of Filipino patriots organized by Rizal when he arrived in Manilą from
Europe.
Aims of the Organization:
1. To unite the whole archipelago into one vigorous and homogenous organization.
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity;
3. Defense against all violence and injustice
4. Encouragement of agriculture, and commerce; and instruction,
5. Study the application of reforms.
KKK Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
A secret society founded on July 07, 1892 by Andres Bonifacio who met in the house of Deodatu Arellano.
Aims of KKK:
a. Political
b. Eqonomic
c. Civic
First set of officers of the Katipunan Supreme Council.
Deodatu Arellano - president
Andres Bonifacio
Ladislao Diaz - treasurer
Teodoro Plata – secretary
Roman Basa - replaced Arellano on 1893.
Andres Bonifacio
a. Supremo ng Katipunan, Great Plébjan
b. Wrote a Decalogue or Ten Commandments titled Katungkulang Gagawin ng mg Anak ng Bayan to
lay down the guidelines for good citizenship.
Emilio Jacinto
a. Brain of the Katipunan
b. Wrote the famous Kartilya Gregoria de Jesus
a. Bonifacio's wife, was called the Lakambini of the Katipunan
Important events in Philippine History
July 3,1892
La Liga Filipina (founded to to be a sort of mitaalant and wh society, dispensing scholarship fonds a legal
and, louning capital and sorting cooperatives
July 7, 1892
Foundation of KKK
August 19, 1896
The Spanish authorities discovered the Katipunan when Teodoro Patino exposed what he knew to Fr.
Manane Gil
August 23, 1896
In the yard of Juan Ramos, the son of Melchora Aquino, the Katipuneros fore up their cedulas shouting Long
Lived the Philippines! Thus making the so-called Cry of Pugad Lawin. It officially started the Philippine
revolution.
August 30, 1896
Governor-General Ramon Blanco issued a decree declaring the provinces of Manila, Cavite, Laguna,
Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Nueva Ecija in a state of war and placing them under martial law.
December 30, 1896
Execution of Rizal
