Fülöp Gábor

Tanári Kézikönyv

KEY TO A SUCCESSFUL EXAM

CÍMŰ

ECL KÖZÉPFOKÚ NYELVVIZSGÁRA FELKÉSZÍTŐ

KURZUSKÖNYVHÖZ

Level B2

www.akademianyelviskola.hu

2018
 Írta és szerkesztette:
Fülöp Gábor

Az angol szöveget lektorálta:

Hiba Erika és Steve Szabó

ISBN: 978-963-08-5418-4

Kiadó és Forgalmazó:
Akadémia Nyelviskola
Oktatási és Szolgáltató Kft.
2500 Esztergom, Szent Tamás utca 11.
(+36) 33 403 520
[email protected]
www.akademianyelviskola.hu

Harmadik kiadás

Első kiadás, 2013

© Minden jog fenntartva, beleértve a sokszorosítás, a mű bővített, illetve rövidített kiadási jogát is.
A kiadó írásbeli engedélye nélkül sem a teljes mű, sem annak részei, semmilyen formában nem sokszorosítható.

© All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise, without written permission of the publishers.

While every effort has been made to trace all the copyright holders,
if any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased
to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.

2
 Contents - Tartalomjegyzék

Answer key – Megoldó kulcs

Unit 1 The individual 4

Unit 2 Family 8
Unit 3 Work and Education 12
Unit 4 Place of living 16
Unit 5 Shopping 19
Unit 6 Health 22
Unit 7 Sport 26
Unit 8 Hobbies 29
Unit 9 Communication and The media 33
Unit 10 Travel and Tranpsort 36
Untit 11 Weather and Environment 41
Untit 12 Social problems 46
Untit 13 The European Union 49
ECL tesztek 52

Vocabulary list - Szólista 55

Tapescript - Szövegkönyv 99
ECL tesztek 131

Függelékek

Appendix 1: Irregular verbs 139

Appendix 2: Phrasal verbs 142
Appendix 3: Prepositional phrases 145
Appendix 4: Verb/Adjective + preposition 147
Appendix 5: Linking words/phrases 149

3
 Unit 1

Answer key
Unit 1

Introducing yourself/Getting to know each other

3. Listening 1.1 (Track 1)

Peter
1. Peter is a sales manager and works for a multinational company.
2. He is satisfied with his job and wouldn’t change it.
3. He lives in a little town in a detached house.
4. He is married.
5. He is an only child. He has many relatives and strong family ties.
6. He likes pottering in the garden. He plays football with his friends.
7. They went to the same English course.

Suzy
1. Suzy is a second-year student at university.
2. She likes her school because she has always been interested in history.
3. She is living in a dormitory now in Budapest, but her home town is the same as Peter’s.
4. She is single.
5. She comes from a big family. She has three brothers.
6. She likes painting and drawing, going to the theatre, visiting exhibitions and going out with friends.
7. They went to the same English course.

Appearance and personality

1.
a) Whoopi Goldberg b) Danny DeVito c) Angelina Jolie

3.

Age: mid 50s, in his late 60s, in her early 30s

Build: plump, stout, slim, slender
Height: medium height
Hairstyle and colour: jet-black shoulder-length hair, in dreadlocks, bald
Face: oval, chubby cheeks, big nose, round, double chin, full lips
Eyes: mesmerizing
Complexion: lovely
Beard styles: moustache

6. Listening 1.2 (Track 2)

Possible answers:
Aries: 1. dynamic 2. romantic 3. bossy
Taurus: 4. realistic 5. intelligent 6. violent
Gemini: 7. clever 8. impatient 9. independent
Cancer: 10. conservative 11. shy 12. romantic
Leo: 13. independent 14. passionate
Virgo: 15. serious 16. organised

7. A

1. well-balanced 2. indecisive 3. faithful 4. vain 5. sincere 6. introverted 7. ambitious 8. bad-tempered 9.

reserved 10. touchy 11. tolerant 12. witty
4
 Unit 1

8.
un- : unenthusiastic, unassertive, unfriendly, unpleasant, unintelligent, unsympathetic, uninteresting,
unromantic, unemotional, unfaithful, unreliable, unsociable, unselfish, undisciplined
in-: indecisive, inconsiderate, insincere, inhospitable, insensitive, intolerant, inactive,
im-: impatient, immature
dis-: dishonest, disloyal

Ages and stages

5. Listening 1.3 (Track 3)

1. touching, watching, tasting and listening

2. recognize and say a few words.
3. feeding themselves, drawing on paper, and using the toilet
4. physical and mental
5. adult supervision.
6. the challenges of adulthood
7. independence
8. their careers, relationships and families
9. try to keep active
10. natural

Daily life

4.
Jerry, from the cartoon Tom and Jerry.

Roles in the family

4. Reading

1. D 2. B 3. K 4. G 5. L 6. F 7. A 8. H 9. J 10. C

Clothes

2.
1. go with 2. match 3. suit 4. fit

3.
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. E

Fashion

2.B Listening 1.4 (Track 4)

1. It is self-expression. Clothes say something about us.

2. Well-fitted clothes boost our confidence and mood.
3. Fashion shows people’s cultural identity.

5.B

1. c 2. f 3. a 4. d 5. e 6. b

5
 Unit 1

6. Listening 1.5 (Track 5)

1. C 2. B 3.A 4. A 5. A 6. B 7.A 8. C 9. B 10. B

Grammar

1.

1. smells 2. are having, wonder, are talking 3. promise 4. Do you think, am being 5. is always picking
6. does your father do 7. Don’t you understand, doesn’t solve 8. always buy, never win 9. are you looking,
Am I wearing 10. looks, wears 11. are you staying, come 12. wears 13. is boiling 14. isn’t growing, water
15. learns, is suffering

2.

1. for 2. for 3. since 4. since 5. for 6. since 7. since 8. for 9. for 10. for

3.

1. has drunk 2. have just bitten 3. have taught, have never met 4. have lost, have been trying 5. have done 6.
have been listening to 7. has been meowing 8. have cooked dinner, have done the washing up, have been
scrubbing the floor 9. has been coughing 10. have been singing, have lost

4.

1. I have never played chess before.

2. Mary is thinking of moving to England.
3. Thanks, but I have already had something to eat.
4. This flower smells wonderful.
5. This is the first time I have been to Japan.
6. Jack has been learning how to play the piano for a year.

5.

1. have ever fished 2. suggests 3. have lost touch 4. have experienced 5. said 6. sells 7. did 8. are missing out
9. hasn’t spent 10. have never had 11. don’t do /are not doing 12. refuse/ are refusing 13. vowed 14.found 15.
can

Speaking

Picture 1

1. extravagant 2. creations 3. fashion houses 4. prestigious 5. update 6. keep up with 7. name-brand 8.

fashion victim 9. occasion 10. vivid

Answers to the questions.

a) It is very casual which is unusual as models usually wear unwearable and fancy clothes.
b) They make us believe that we can all look like them if we buy the clothes they display.
c) On TV and in fashion magazines.
d) Ones who follow the latest fashion and buy name-brand clothes, and ones who prefer conventional clothes
and disregard what’s in fashion.
e) Smart, elegant clothes and at home casual.
6
 Unit 1

Picture 2

1. teasing 2. family matters 3. domestic chores 4. pattern 5. breadwinner 6. economic necessity 7. keep house
8. family unit 9. fair share 10. the lion’s share 11. time-consuming 12. maid

Answers to the questions.

a) Men are taking on bigger roles in family matters and housework.

b) Women.
c) Both men and women work and have less time for family life.
d) He prefers the old style because mothers could keep the family together.
e) He doesn’t like it but he cleans his room.

7
 Unit 2

Unit 2

Family and relatives

1.A Listening 2.1 (Track 6)

1. Siblings: your brothers and/or sisters

2. Aunt: the sister of your mother or father
3. Niece: your sister’s or brother’s daughter
4. In-laws: your husband’s or wife’s family
5. Brother-in-law: the husband of your sister
6. Son-in-law: you become the son-in-law of your wife’s parents
7. Great-aunt: your grandmother/grandfather’s sister
8. Great-great-grandfather: Your grandmother/grandfather’s grandfather
9. Stepbrother: your stepmother’s son
10. Half-sister: your mother’s or father’s daughter from a new husband or wife

2.
a) nuclear b) single-parent /one-parent c) immediate d) extended e) close-knit f) dysfunctional

3.

Positive: admire, fond of, close to, look up to, respect, worship, idolises,
Negative: fallen out with, despises, can’t stand, fed up with, loathe

Relationships

1.
1. best friend 2. acquaintance 3. ex-girlfriend 4. flatmate 5. enemy 6. colleague 7. classmate

4.

1. kindred spirit 2. there are plenty more fish in the sea 3. love at first sight 4. inseparable 5. blind date
6. make it up 7. split up 8. to come into conflict 9. ups and downs 10. talk about me behind my back

Getting married

4.

1. proposed 2. tie the knot 3. stag night 4. hen party 5. civil ceremony 6. train 7. veil. 8. bridesmaids 9. ring
bearer 10. objections 11. exchanged their vows12. reception 13.toast 14. newlyweds 15. honeymoon

Getting divorced

1. Listening 2.2 (Track 7)

1. They drifted apart. She didn’t have help. She felt left alone. They quarrelled a lot. He was indifferent
towards her.
2. By taking a short break and going to a counsellor.
3. The lost trust. They weren’t successful. The problems were too deep to recover.
4. Money and their child.
5. A divorce can cause long-lasting emotional damage to children.
6. She felt puzzled, bitter and thought her life was worthless.
7. The familiar routine.
8
 Unit 2

2.

1. intolerable 2. unrealistic expectations 3. drifted apart 4. a marriage counsellor 5. divorce proceedings 6.

custody 7. contact, alimony 8. establish

6.A

1. A 2. G 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. F 7. I 8. J 9. H 10. K

Generations living under one roof

2. Listening 2.3 (Track 8)

1. In a nursing home.
2. Because of financial reasons. / Lack of money.
3. To build an extension to the house.
4. It became faster and busier. Everything turned upside down.
5. It means that parents take care of children and their parents.
6. If Penelope become ill.
7. Invest it or buy another home.
8. They are not isolated and receive loving care./Improves their quality of life.
9. Lack of privacy and sharing.
10. The division of chores, finances and space.

3. Possible answers:

Advantages: it’s cheaper to live together, you can save lots of money and invest it later, grandparents can
help cook and take care of the children, grandparents are not isolated, they get loving care

Disadvantages: lack of privacy, division of housework and bills can lead to arguments, family members may
quarrel over unimportant things, like watching TV or going to the bathroom first

Holidays and family gatherings

3.

1. calendar 2. fireworks 3. midnight 4. resolution 5. toast 6. resurrection 7. fasting 8. well 9. egg hunts 10.
bunny 11. decorations 12. mistletoe 13. tinsel 14. Father Christmas or Santa Claus 15. reindeer 16. chimney

5.B Listening 2.4 (Track 9)

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B

6.
Hungarian national holidays:
- On the 15th of March we commemorate the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence of 1848-49.
- August the 20th is the day of King Stephen I. On this day we commemorate the founding of our state.
- On October 23rd we celebrate the declaration of the Republic of Hungary and commemorate the revolution
of 1956.
- May 1st is May Day. It is a spring holiday when maypoles are put up.
- Whitsun / Pentecost

9
 Unit 2

Grammar

1.

1. was I doing, was walking , was trying , answered

2. was working, went out, had to, wasn’t
3. was staring, couldn’t recognise
4. fell, was brushing
5. saw, was singing.
6. were playing, were talking
7. broke up, was always cancelling
8. was driving, stopped, didn’t have
9. did you do, let, did not mean
10. ever did, was doing

2.
1. had never ridden, moved
2. had been looking, was wearing
3. failed, had studied
4. came, fainted, had died
5. couldn’t go, had lost
6. sat, realised, had left.
7. got, had already got drunk
8. Was I walking, had been walking
9. opened, realised, had never seen
10. had you been searching , got

3.
1. used 2. was protesting 3. had glued 4. had bought 5. had hid 6. was giving 7. went 8. clapped 9. had been
thinking 10. had to 11. laughed 12. just grinned 13. had been arrested 14. didn’t have

Writing

1.
1. Although 2. however/nevertheless 3. besides 4. In spite of/despite 5. Despite/In spite of 6. otherwise 7.
nevertheless/however 8. Despite/In spite of 9. Although 10. besides 11. otherwise 12. In spite of/Despite

3.A
1. To begin with 2. An additional advantage of 3. Furthermore 4. On the other hand 5. As a result 6.
However 7. Another reason is that 8. All things considered

B.
Arguments for:
1. You can see the facial expression of the person you are talking with. Justification/Example: Without
facial expressions it would be difficult to figure out what the person’s meaning behind what he says is.
2. You can tell whether the person is lying or not. Justification/Example: It is not easy to get away with a lie.

Arguments against:
1. People have a busy life. They have no time for face-to-face communication. Justification/Example:
Calling a friend or sending an email is faster and more convenient than personal meetings.
2. It is time and money-consuming for friends who live far from each other. Justification/Example: Modern
ways of communication bring them closer to each other.

10
 Unit 2

Speaking

2. Picture 4

1. immersed 2. hang on 3. affect 4. treat 5. put on 6. spare 7. smack 8. verbal 9. neglect

Answers to the questions.

a) Because there are many things that can influence children such as friends, TV and school.
b) They try to control him and often treat him like a child.
c) They are against it. They spare the rod and never smack him.
d) His parents let him do what he wants if he learns well and doesn’t neglect his studies.
e) He has to do some housework, e.g. keep his room clean and do the washing up. He has to tell his parents
where he goes if he goes out.

Picture 5

1. scene 2. proposal 3. popped 4. the knot 5. trial period 6. commitment 7. break 8. institution

Answers to the questions.

a) Tying the knot.

b) Cohabitation helps the partners to get to know each other better. Secrets are revealed.
c) Because they may not have enough money to get married or they are afraid of commitment.
d) To concentrate on his/her studies and career until he/she is around 30.

11
 Unit 3

Unit 3

Studying

3. A

a) boarding school b) vocational school c) kindergarten d) single-sex school e) secondary grammar school f)
technical school g) state school h) public school

4.

a) principal (head teacher) b) graduate c) professor d) classmate e) form teacher f) staff g) tutor
h) lecturer i) pupil j) learner k) examiner l) candidate

5.

1. heart 2. pet. 3. teach 4. cat 5. rote

6.A Listening 3.1 (Track 10)

1. compulsory and free of charge

2. the government, educational authorities.
3. boarding schools.
4. infant school, the primary
5. close relationship with the class.
6. single-sex or co-educational.
7. General Certificate of Secondary Education
8. vocational, sixth form college
9. want to go to university.
10. undergraduates.

7.A

Primary and secondary schools

1. crèche 2. obligations 3. bright 4. standards 5. hopeless 6. truant 7. absent 8. gift 9. admission

Higher education
1. lecturer 2. attendance 3. semester 4. seminar 5. assessment 6. core 7. optional 8. exchange 9. thesis 10.
ceremony 11. gown 12. diploma 13. correspondence

State vs. private schools

2.

1. B 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. D

3.

1. curriculum 2. pare down 3. maintained school 4. flourishing 5. session 6. expertise 7. on the other side of
the fence

12
 Unit 3

E-learning

2. Listening 3.2 (Track 11)

1. full credit and correspondence

2. exceptional students and athletes.
3. access to the web/Internet.
4. a textbook and a learning guide.
5. it’s hard to assess them with objective questions.
6. monitor and contribute.
7. don’t personally cover and study the content.
8. they felt that they were losing their independence.
9. students are admitted to traditional universities.
10. upload printed textbooks online.

Making a living

2.

Pink-collar work: connected with low-paying jobs done mainly by women

Professional work: connected with a job that needs special training or skill, especially one that needs a high
level of education
White-collar work: connected to work in offices
Blue-collar work: connected to people who do physical work

3. A

a) dirty work : necessary but uninteresting work

b) dead-end job : a job without a future
c) to be snowed under : to be very busy
d) work like a horse : work a lot and very hard
e) get the boot : to be fired

B.

1. dead-end job. 2. snowed under 3. dirty work 4. worked like a horse 5. got the boot.

4.A

1. income 2. remuneration 3. wage 4. salary 5. commission 6. fee 7. base 8. tip 9. shift differential 10.
overtime 11. rise 12 Fringe

5.A

1. job 2. career 3. job 4. work 5. workaholic, 6. job 7. work 8. job 9.career 10. job 11. job 12. job 13.
workmate 14. job 15. workhorse 16. career, 17. job 18. career 19. job

5.B

1. job description 2. a promising career 3. workload 4. ruined his career 5. job centre 6. apply for the job 7.
workaholic 8. demanding job

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 Unit 3

Career prospects

3.

1. K 2. E 3. G 4. A 5. J 6. L 7. F 8. I 9. C 10. D

4.
a) résumé b) a career counsellor c) internship d) set aside e) keep track of f) foresight

Job Hunting

3.

a) cope with
b) unemployment rate
c) seize the opportunity
d) overcome nervousness
e) make assumptions
f put pressure on sb
g) figure out

4. Listening 3.3 (Track 12)

1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C

Grammar: Future forms

1.

1. is going to 2. I am leaving 3. will be seeing 4. leaves 5. are going to 6. arrives7. will have eaten 8. has been
9. Will you help, won’t do 10. will have done

2.

1. am visiting / am going to visit 2. are you going to do 3. will call 4. will visit 5. am playing 6. will give 7.
Are you going to decorate 8. will like 9. are planning, will melt, are travelling 10. Will you open 11. Are
you going to eat 12. am going to learn

3.

1. will have read. 2. will have been learning 3. will have saved 4. will have been raining 5. will have been 6.
will have left. 7. will have been flying 8. will have lost

4.

1 will be doing 2 am going to do 3. will be flying 4. will be 5. will have grown 6. will basically explode 7.
will be able to 8. will have been saving 9. is holding 10. are planning 11. will be

5.

1. returns, will give 2. get, will call 3. finish, will have. 4. will have to, can 5. will be, hears 6. will stay,
strikes 7. will attack, gets 8. will rob, opens 9. learns, will give 10. will have to, finish
14
 Unit 3

Writing

2.

Paragraph 1: reason for writing 2: profile and qualifications 3: other skills 4: personal qualities 5: closing
remarks

Speaking

Picture 2

1. tiresome 2. tough 3. competition 4. fight 5. components 6. skills 7. goals 8. hesitate 9. initiative 10. stuck
11. insecure 12. realize

Answers to the questions:

1. Because the ladder symbolises a ‘career ladder’ and the man would like to get higher on it by building up
his career.
2. When they would like to get into a university.
3. Continually expand on your knowledge and skills related to your profession.
4. Determination, persistence, and initiative.
5. They get stuck in their job and are not willing to leave it because they are afraid of what the future holds
for them.
6. Patience, planning, a bit of luck and support.

Picture 3

1. acquire 2. capacity 3. regardless 4. opportunities 5. broaden/widen 6. widen/broaden 7. view 8. citizen 9.

compulsory 10. intensive 11. all-round 12. eager

Answers to the questions:

1. Because children are open to new things and they can easily learn another language.
2. You have more career choices and you are more likely to be sent on business trips.
3. As a citizen of the EU it is easier to find a job or study abroad.
4. He/she is not very good at learning languages but he/she likes learning them and learning about other
cultures.
5. Spend some time in the target language country.

15
 Unit 4

Unit 4

Homes and Housing

1.A

1. terraced house 2. flat 3. caravan 4. bungalow 5. villa 6. farmhouse

3.

1. utility room 2. pantry 3. porch or veranda 4. shed 5. loft 6. patio 7. hall 8. study 9. basement 10. cellar

The place where you live

1.A

1. unspoilt 2. dense 3. stream 4. rocky 5. snow-capped 6. breathtaking 7. fast-flowing 8. open 9. ruins

B.

1. skyline 2. golden sand 3. cobbled 4. quaint 5. pavement 6. avenues 7. high-rise 8. inner 9. imposing 10.
lively

5.

1. the 2. blank 3. the 4. the 5. the 6. The 7. a 8. a 9. the 10. blank 11. the 12. the 13. the
14. the 15. the 16. a 17. the 18. the 19. a 20. blank 21. a 22. the 23. the 24. an

6.

1. It is located in northern Hungary, 46 kilometres north-west of Budapest.

2. It was the first capital city and Stephen was crowned here.
3. On top of the remains of a ruined castle, the site where Stephen was crowned
4. From the cupola.
5. The two-towered church.
6. The history of water management and the river Danube.
7. With the tourist train, a narrow-gauge railway.
8. Spa and therapeutic.

7.

1. foyer 2. sacred 3. remains 4. cityscape 5. erected

Future Homes

2. A

1. D 2. H 3. A 4. C 5. J 6. I 7. G 8. E 9. L 10. B

1. hog 2. keep an eye on 3. fade 4. confirm 5. skylight 6. brew 7. command

16
 Unit 4

Country vs. city life

4. A Listening 4.1 (track 14)

1B 2A 3C 4B 5C 6B 7C 8A

Renting a property

2.A

1. budget 2. utility 3. research 4. DIY. 5. landlord 6. deposit 7. amenities 8. tenant 9. report 10. tenancy
agreement 11. obligations

Buying a home

3. Listening 4.2 (track 15)

1. Financial and emotional disaster.

2. They may pay too much for their home.
3. Because renting gives you more flexibility.
4. People want to be independent, it’s an investment, think paying rent is a waste of money.
5. Survey your spending.
6. Making statistics of your incomings and outgoings.
7. To decide where to make reductions and cutbacks.
8. Good neighbours raise, bad ones cut down the prices.
9. Because it inspires people after a cold and dark winter.
10. That there can be many hidden problems.

Grammar

1.

1) the 2) - 3) the 4) the 5) - 6) the 7) the 8) the 9) the 10) - 11) the 12) the 13) the 14) - 15) - 16) - 17) the
18) the 19) - 20) -

2.
1. a, - 2. a, a, -/the , a 3. a, a 4. a, - 5. - 6. a, a, a 7. a 8. a, - 9. - 10. a, -

3.

1) The…..only problem here is……… that the bill is too high.

2) Can you……play the organ………………. well?
3) The….more junk food you eat, the fatter…………… you will become.
4) This……is the first time I have eaten………………. Sushi.
5) …The British……………………………… read a lot.
6) Is this……..the fastest you can …………… drive?

4.

1. -, the, a 2. the, - 3. -, the, the, - 4. a, the, a 5. a, the, the 6. -, a, the 7. the 8. -, an, -, - 9. The, the, -, the
10. the, the, - 11. The, the, - 12. the, -, the, the 13. the, -, the, the, the

17
 Unit 4

Writing

1.

a) Present simple
b) They don’t eat properly at home because their parents don’t cook. Parents order takeaway food.
c) Because the atmosphere is lively and they can meet their friends there. There is a wide variety of food.
d) They prepare nutrient dense dishes, serve moderate portions of food, and pack home-made food for them.

2.B

1) small number 2) By far the largest 3) majority 4) Approximately 5) Four times as many
6) minority

Speaking

Picture 3

1.fountain 2. facilities 3. necessities 4. entertained 5. livestock 6. closeness 7. pace 8. dull 9. anxiety

Answers to the questions:

a) Because the children are playing with the water coming out from a fountain.
b) There are a lot of malls and shops with low prices. They are open non-stop.
c) There are a lot of social activities, concerts, sport events and places to be entertained.
d) They breed animals, keep livestock and grow vegetables.
e) They can’t resist the clean environment. They love the friendly neighbours, and they like the closeness to
nature and the gentle pace of living.
f) When he/she is fed up with the noise and the fast pace of the city.

Picture 7

1. construction 2. tools 3. delay 4. craftsmen 5. handyman 6. mortgage 7. lot 8. a general contractor 9.

phases 10. foundation 11. house-warming

Answers to the questions:

a) Because there is a delay. / The construction workers won’t meet the deadline.
b) The cost of construction.
c) Because he is a handyman.
d) From the bank and his parents.
e)Because the house should suit your lifestyle and budget.
f) Because a general contractor hires subcontractors, coordinates the phases of building, and is responsible
for everything.

18
 Unit 5

Unit 5

Shopping habits

3. A

Countable nouns: green beans, fig, mushroom, peach, grapes, strawberry, raspberry, sour cherry, roll, sugar
cubes, blueberry, pickled onion, plum, apricot, tangerine, almond, Brussels sprout

Uncountable nouns: spinach, cod, celery, parsley, veal, garlic, hard liquor, blackcurrant, sorrel, pork,
kohlrabi, mustard, whipped cream, mutton, minced meat, sour cream, cottage cheese, beef, game, vinegar,
broccoli, corn on the cob, preserved fruit, cornflakes

Can be countable or uncountable: lobster (countable → a sea creature, uncountable → meat from a
lobster), cantaloupe, beetroot, radish, trout, pineapple, cauliflower, watermelon, coconut, cereal, carp,
aubergine

5.A

1. Department stores 2. Supermarkets 3. Chain stores 4. Shopping centres/malls 5. Corner shops 6. Street
markets

Are you a shopaholic?

3.

1. C 2. H 3. F 4. G 5. A 6.D 7. I 8. E

4.

1. urge 2. overflowing 3. by the handful 4. disorder 5. highbrow 6. come in handy 7.relieves the tension 8.
go overboard

Retail shops versus Supermarkets

3.
1. out-of-town 2. under one roof. 3. own brand 4. convenience 5. range 6. foodstuffs. 7. value 8. bargains. 9.
around the clock. 10. expired. 11. temptation 12. aisles 13. trolley 14. checkout 15. till 16. cashier 17. receipt

Shopping in different ways

2.A Listening 5.1 (track 16)

1. that you do online-shopping with a mouse

2. everything online
3. sat in a room surrounded by screens
4. wear your pyjamas
5. you cannot touch the goods
6. you don’t use your car
7. that you have to post it
8. the warranty
9. the delivery cost was very high
10. buy from secure sites

19
 Unit 5

Services

4.A Banking services

1. clientele 2. credit card 3. teller machine 4. insert your card 5. withdrawing cash 6. current balance 7. check
balances 8. instalments 9.interest rate 10. mortgage

5.A Post office

1.standard parcel 2. package 3.delivered 4.wrap 5. postal code 6. fold 7.envelope 8.seal 9.mailbox 10. bills

Customers’ Complaints

2.A Listening 5.2 (track 17)

1. bar 2. restaurant 3. clothes shop 4. car mechanic’s 5. Electronic shop 6. furniture shop

4.B

1. stresses and strains 2. faulty goods 3. suffer 4.courage 5. point 6. state 7.claims 8. response 9.stand 10.
outcome 11. view 12.threats

5.B
a) buy b) prolonged guarantee c) broken d) to examine) small piece f) bad

5.C Listening 5.3 (track 18)

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C

6.A

1. Know what your rights are 2. Deal with the issue as soon as possible 3. Find and keep all relevant
documents 4. Proof of purchase 5. Start at the least formal level

6.B

1. You can choose from a replacement, a refund or a repair.

2. If you don’t take it back, it seems you have accepted the item.
3. You may want to make a complaint to another authority.
4. Record the details of the call.
5. The receipt, a credit card statement.
6. They may have the right to compensate you.
7. Be clear, state the facts of the case, remain objective and avoid giving personal opinions, or comments.

Grammar

1.

1. husband/wife 2 king/queen 3. bridegroom/bride 4. waiter/waitress 5. actor/actress 6. widower/widow 7.

duke/duchess 8. host/hostess 9. landlord/landlady 10. hero/heroine 11. nephew/niece 12. prince/princess 13.
uncle/aunt 14. lion/lioness 15. monk/nun 16. bull/cow 17. bachelor/spinster 18. son/daughter 19. cock/hen
20. tiger/tigress

20
 Unit 5

2.

1. tomato/tomatoes 2. knife/ knives 3. lady/ladies 4. goose/geese 5. child/children 6. safe/safes

7. salmon/salmon 8. zoo/zoos 9. volcano/volcano(e)s 10. criterion/criteria 11. life/lives 12. potato/potatoes
13. thief/thieves 14. leaf/leaves 15. scarf/scarves 16. kiss/kisses 17. fly/flies 18. wife/wives 19. wolf/wolves
20. tooth/teeth 21. mouse/mice 22. foot/feet 23. fish/fish 24. shelf/shelves

3.

1. a box of matches 2. a bunch of flowers 3. a tin of baked beans 4. a packet of cigarettes/paper tissues 5.
a bar of chocolate 6. a tube of toothpaste 7. a loaf of bread 8. a roll of film 9. a jar of jam
10. a packet of paper tissues/cigarettes 11. a pint of beer 12. a pair of trousers 13. a can of coke 14. a piece
of information

4.

1 have bread 2 often hard work 3 with chicken 4 news isn’t good 5 a bit of advice 6 The police are coming.
7 different weather 8 luggage 9 Let’s go to a club. 10 is good advice.

5.

1. There is litter all over the place.

2. We had good weather on our holiday.
3. There are a lot of people in this city.
4. He has a lot of experience in this field.
5. There was a lot of traffic on the way to Budapest.
6. He had a lot of courage to climb up the tree.
7. As there wasn’t any accommodation, we slept on a bench.

6.

1. hair 2. a hair 3. papers 4. a paper 5. bad luck 6. works 7. baggage 8. experience 9. experiences
10. damage

Writing

1. firstly 2. indeed 3. moreover 4. secondly 5. in spite of 6. to make matters worse 7. although

Picture descriptions

Picture 1

1. price reduction 2. at a low price 3. under one roof 4. shopping spree 5. unwind 6. leisure facilities 7.
within easy reach from 8. window shopping 9. shop windows 10. on display

Picture 2

1. flea market 2. located 3. stalls 4. wholesalers 5. smallholders 6. bazaar 7. bartered 8. treasures 9. ripe 10.
rotten 11. receipt

21
 Unit 6

Unit 6

Food and cooking

3.A Listening 6.1 (track 19)

1. T 2. F 3. F 4. Not Stated 5. T 6. Not Stated 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. F

4.

1. cheap and nasty 2. gastropubs 3. cosy 4. quality 5. bland. 6. jumble 7. deep-fried 8. savoury 9. fillings 10.
kippers 11. hearty 12. leans 13. ritual. 14. caffeine. 15. percolated 16. convenience 17. gravy 18. sponge

7.A

1. Spaghetti Bolognese 2. Fisherman’s soup 3. Scrambled eggs

Healthy diet

2. B

1. processed meats 2. lard 3. lean meats 4. wholemeal, refined grain 5. fibre 6. low-fat, skimmed

4. Listening

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. B

Illnesses, symptoms, and treatments

1. Possible answers:

Cold: sore throat, runny nose, mild temperature, stuffy nose, feeling tired, sneezing
Flu: shivering, sore throat, runny nose, feel dizzy, have high temperature, stuffy nose, pain in the joints,
aching muscles, feeling tired, fever, sneezing
Migraine: feeling queasy, vomiting, puking, throbbing pain in the head,
Heart attack: shivering, feeling dizzy, high blood pressure, pain in the chest
Food poisoning: loss of appetite, feeling queasy, upset stomach, vomiting, puking, diarrhoea,
Allergies: runny nose, stuffy nose, itchy throat, sneezing

2.B Listening 6.3 (track 21)

1. tonsillitis 2. pneumonia 3. stroke

3. A

1. d 2. b 3. c 4. a

3.B

1. under the weather 2. recharge my batteries 3. on the road to recovery 4. as right as rain

22
 Unit 6

4.A

A. Common cold B. Food poisoning C. High blood pressure

B.

1. F (There are other possible treatments like resting, chicken soup, etc.) 2. T 3. T 4. F (You have to drink
water in small doses.) 5. DS 6. F (Flavoured yoghurt will irritate your stomach.) 7. DS 8. F (It doesn’t take
a long time to see a difference.) 9. F (The more weight you lose, the lower your blood pressure will be.) 10.
T

At the doctor’s

1.

1. optician 2. dentist 3. plastic surgeon 4. dermatologist 5. cardiologist 6. GP 7. surgeon 8. dietician 9. vet

10. paediatrician

2.

1. cure 2. check-up 3. infection 4. appointment 5. assistant 6. symptoms 7. examines 8. thermometer 9.

stethoscope 10. diagnose 11. chemist’s 12. painkillers 13. recovery

At the hospital

1.
1. carry out 2. theatre 3. recovery room 4. surgeon 5. patient 6. anaesthetist 7. operation table 8. suit 9. mask
10. scalpel

2.
A. obstetrics B. gynaecology C. oncology D. cardiology E. psychiatry F. Accident and Emergency
G. Ear-nose-throat

3.

1. Through taxation and by the HIF.

2. They pay monthly contributions to the HIF from their salaries.
3. Health card.
4. Diseases of the circulatory system, tumours
5. To get better treatment, the attention of the doctor and other services.
6. Private clinics are well-equipped but expensive. Cosmetic and dental treatment is very popular among
foreigners because of the price.
7. Duty, ambulance service, patient transport, rehabilitation etc.

Alternative medicine

2.
A:4 B:2 C:6 D:1 E:5 F:3 G:7 H:8

3.
1. C 2. I 3. G 4. H 5. D 6. E 7. K 8. L 9. F 10. J

23
 Unit 6

6. B

1. got an unusual prescription

2. her husband had to take care of her
3. African medicine woman. / spiritual adviser
4. were revolving around her illness
5. supportive phone call to a friend.
6. to create a website.
7. hungry people and food shelters
8. gives free consulting time
9. walk without a cane
10. depression, pain and fatigue

Grammar

1.

1was stolen 2 entered 3 created 4 be discussed 5 won, was assassinated 6 arrived, was interviewed
7 have been given, had been announced 8. are missed

2.

1 This table is only used at Christmas.

2 Free drinks will be served at the party.
3 My aunt’s cat is going to be looked after.
4 By the time I arrived home the house had been cleaned.
5 You are expected to co-operate with them.
6 The same catalogue was sent to us twice.
7 Some money was being stolen from the till when I entered the shop.
8 A new marketing manager was appointed last week.
9 The famous film star’s life has been saved by bodyguards.
10 A lot of the work is being done by students.

3.

1. has been 2. took 3. was first made 4. made 5. was originally intended 6. be invented 7. sold 8. contained
9. was originally made 10. included 11 had been used 12. sells

4.

1 A glass of wine is thought to be good for you.

2 It is believed that the fire was caused by a drunken man.
3 Cameras are not allowed in the museum.
4 Paul hasn’t been seen since the day of his dismissal.
5 Jack the ripper was being followed by the police.
6 You should get you nails cut.
7 People are going to be excited by the new trend.
8 Were teachers promised a higher salary again?

5.

1. Jane is having her hair cut at the moment.

2. They had their wedding reception organised by caterers.
24
 Unit 6

3. He has had his car stolen.

4. I will have my eyes tested
5. I haven’t had my car taken to the garage for a long time.
6. I had champagne spilt over my shirt in the restaurant.
7. I had one of my wisdom tooth pulled out.
8. We are having the new central heating put in on Monday

Speaking

Picture 3

1. herbal 2. remedy 3. cure-all. 4. nauseating 5. healing power 6. conventional 7. pills. 8. airways. 9.

specialist 10. cure

Answers to the questions.

a) When he/she is ill.

b) They refuse conventional medicine and prefer alternative ones.
c) With less serious illnesses he/she cures him/herself at home and in case of serious illnesses or emergency
he/she goes to the doctor.
d) With tea, fruits, chicken soup and rest.

Picture 5

1. ward 2. unconscious 3. infusion 4. appendicitis 5. dull pain 6. ambulance 7. anaesthetic 8. stretcher 9.

operating theatre 10. fatal

Answers to the questions.

a) Because the doctor seems optimistic.

b) A time when he was in hospital.
c) He felt sick and had dull pain in his stomach.
d) They are highly qualified and leave the country.

25
 Unit 7

Unit 7

Types of Sports

4.

1. Play is used with ball games or competitive games where you play against another person. e.g. play:
baseball, basketball, billiards, golf, tennis, rugby, poker, etc.
2. Do is used for recreational sports or a non-team sport where no ball is involved. e.g. Do: boxing, judo,
aerobics, body building, etc.
3. Go is used with activities that end in –ing. We go somewhere to do something. e.g. Go: sledging, sailing,
water-skiing, etc.

6.A

1. fishing/angling 2. fencing 3. golf 4. boxing 5. archery 6. football/soccer 7. weightlifting 8. horse riding 9.

sailing 10. skiing

6. C
1. pitch 2. stadium 3. courts 4. track 5. course 6. ring 7. pool 8. field 9. rink 10. slope 11. circuit

7. A

Idioms
a) lay your cards on the table: tell someone honestly what you think or plan to do
b) hit below the belt: do something unfair
c) do something on the spur of the moment: do something suddenly, without planning
d) not in the same league: inferior to someone or something
e) play by the rules: follow the generally accepted rule

7. B

1. I always play by the rules when I play poker. I cannot accept cheating in any form.
2. I did it on the spur of the moment. I didn’t want to knock him out. I just wanted to talk with him.
3. He hit below the belt in the argument when he started to criticize her appearance.
4. She thought that it was time to lay her cards on the table and tell him that she had no intention of
marrying him.
5. My four-year-old computer is not in the same league as the latest machines.

Sports in Britain

3.

1. I 2. G 3. M 4. K 5. E 6. A 7. D 8. L 9. C 10. H

Team vs Individual sports

2. Listening 7.1 (track 24)

1. he broke his wrist.

2. favourite sport is
3. solitary sports
4. the thrill of victory

26
 Unit 7

5. losing and relying on her group mates

6. encourage and motivate him
7. are equally shared
8. trainers
9. organize a session
10. teamwork and leadership

Rules of the game

1.

Soccer/football
1. half-time 2. defends 3. goal 4. field 5. strikers 6. dribble 7. referee 8. centre circle 9. score 10. penalty area
11. commits a fault

Tennis
1. court 2. indoors or outdoors 3. net 4. racket 5. boundaries 6. return 7. serve 8. game 9. set 10. match

Handball
1. attack 2. defence 3. passing 4. permitted 5. trip 6. opponents 7. gain control

Extreme sports

2.

1. D 2 .B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A, C

3.

a) coin b) propel c) durable d) assemble e) hurtle

7. Listening 7.2 (track 25)

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. B. 9. A 10. C

8.A
verb person adjective Noun
equip --------------- equipped equipment
oppose opponent opposing ---------------
practise --------------- practiced practice
support supporter supportive support
compete competitor competitive competition
participate participant --------------- participation
achieve achiever achievable achievement
train trainer trainable training

8. B

1. competitor 2. achievement 3. opponent 4. support 5. equipped 6. achievable

27
 Unit 7

Grammar

1.
1. knew 2. would have burnt 3. started 4. would stop 5. have 6. won 7. had 8. had known, would have met 9.
would happen, wouldn’t be able to, would happen, wouldn’t be able to see 10. wouldn’t make 11. had told
12. wouldn’t have bought 13. would keep 14. wouldn’t do 15. would buy, had 16. doesn’t stop 17. didn’t
use 18. goes

2.
a) I wouldn’t……. have got wet if I’d had an umbrella with me.
b) Unless ….. people lock the doors of their houses there won’t be fewer burglaries.
c) If he hadn’t…forgotten to put his watch on, he wouldn’t have been late.
d) If….it is raining, we don’t go for walks.
e) If I were….you, I wouldn’t do business with those guys.
f) If ….. you hadn’t helped me, I wouldn’t have been able to escape from prison.
g) Provided….you leave now, you’ll catch the train.
h) If… you hadn’t changed your clothes, you could have got a cold.

4.
a) I wish I had studied more at the weekend for the maths test.
b) I wish I didn’t spend all my money on clothes.
c) I wish I hadn’t been late again.
d) I wish I had been more careful.

Writing

2.
1. would 2. were 3. would 4.could 5. would 6. go 7. are 8. will 9. would

Speaking

Picture 1

1. prolongs 2. reduce 3. stamina 4. social contact 5. obesity 6. ordinary 7. incorporate 8. cope with

Answers to the questions.

a) By improving stamina and mental health.

b) They become overweight/obese.
c) You can cope with ordinary tasks like shopping, gardening, etc. easier.
d) She/He can cope with stress easier and she/he doesn’t smoke.

Picture 3

1. slope 2. crazy about 3. resort 4. equipment 5. goggles 6. protect 7. summit 8. descend

Answers to the questions.

a) It gives him freedom.
b) Up-to-date equipment such as proper skis, boots, poles and goggles.
c) You have to warm-up.
d) He is more careful now.

28
 Unit 8

Unit 8

Leisure Time

3.

Possible solutions:
Watch: films, plays, football matches, television, sporting events
Listen to: music, CD’s, the radio
Play: chess, video games, board games, card games, computer games, golf, tennis
Go: jogging, potholing, fishing, angling, shopping, hiking, horse riding, cycling, sailing, canoeing, for a
walk,
Collect: postcards, works of art, stamps, napkins, antiques, coins, paintings, CDs, magazines, comics
Go to: the theatre, the cinema, concerts, shows, the pub, the library, museums, art galleries, football matches,
nightclubs, restaurants
Read: magazines, books, newspapers, comics, journals
Take: photographs

Books/ E-books and the Internet

2.

1. fairy tale 2. travel book 3. romance 4. science fiction 5. autobiography

4.

1. compulsory 2. obligatory 3. library catalogue database 4. audio books 5. archives 6. devour 7. whodunits
8. resist the temptation 9. volume 10. hard-cover 11. paper-backs, 12. position

Books vs. the Internet and e-books

What are e-books?

An electronic book is a book length-publication in digital form, consisting of text, images, readable on
computers or other electronic devices such as e-book readers, mobile phones and PCs.

2. A Listening 8.1 (track 26)

1. Sam: People don’t have enough time to read therefore they want to read things fast because they are
always in a hurry. On the Internet they can read many articles quickly.
2. Janet: It is much easier to find information on the Internet. You can also download books easily.
3. Rafael: E-books are much cheaper (or sometimes free) than buying newspapers, magazines or books.
4. Tom: We can save lots of trees if we read on the Internet because there is no need for paper.
5. Alia: E-books are cheap and easy to store.
6. Evelyn: On the Internet you can find all the information you need. It is fast, easy and updated. You can
even start your interactive blog.

Musical taste and music trends

2.
1. Heavy Metal 2. Rap 3. Heavy Metal 4. Pop 5. Heavy Metal 6. Rap 7. Rap 8. Rap 9. Rap 10. Rap 11. Pop
12. Rock and Roll 13. Pop 14. Rock and Roll 15. Heavy Metal
29
 Unit 8

5.A
a) catchy tunes b) debut album c) live performance d) blast out from e) pop idol f) massive hit g) piece of
music h) release a CD i) haunting melodies j) musical talent

5.B

1. live performance 2. massive hit 3. musical talent 4. haunting melodies 5. catchy tune 6. released a CD 7.
debut album 8. piece of music 9. pop idol 10. blasting out from

6. A Listening 8.2 (track 27)

1. pocket money 2. permission 3. musical film 4. original bands 5. sales alone 6. delayed 7. her basement 8.
recording contract 9. abandon 10. disappointed

7.C

1. She is as successful as ever./She shows no signs of slowing down.

2. She started her music career. / Her first album was released.
3. Next 3 consecutive number 1 records.
4. To promote the new album.
5. She would be a guest star.
6. Autobiographical elements.
7. Hip-hop and dance.
8. Originality.
9. Hunger for knowledge and curiosity.
10. To learn from them.

7. D
1. ensure 2. dub 3. staggering 4. a rollercoaster 5. acclaim 6. upstage 7. collaborate 8. out of the ordinary 9.
take something for granted 10. via 11. curiosity 12. claim 13. retain

Watching TV

3.
1. screen 2. quarrel over 3. couch potato 4. digital cable 5. channels 6. keeps me informed 7. news bulletin 8.
commercial 9. third-rate 10. insipid 11. broadcast 12. sitcoms 13. detective series 14. remote control 15.
viewer

Are you addicted to watching TV?

2.
1. Her self-esteem, health, career and relationships. 2. To be sociable, to fit in with family and friends. 3. By
saying that she could stop watching TV any time. 4. She watched shows about TV addiction. 5. She was
relieved. 6. To watch more movies/for more premier channels. 7. She is blamed for watching TV while
being pregnant. 8. The media and advertisers.

Films/Cinema/Theatre

2.A

1 film 2 multi-screen 3 selection 4 glasses 5 screen 6 foyer 7 poster 8 office 9 tickets 10 admission 11
promotion 12 usher 13 auditorium 14 aisle 15 down 16 row 17 trailers 18 stars 19 role 20 performance 21
audience
30
 Unit 8

3.A

1 theatregoer 2 play 3 in advance 4 cast 5 musical 6 cloakroom 7 usherette 8 curtain 9 out 10 stage 11
orchestra 12 circle 13 acts 14 intervals 15 applause 16 curtain calls

4.B Listening 8.3 (track 28)

1. To create something new.

2. To create characters.
3. He is a fan of these films.
4. Fine arts.
5. He could use his artistic skills./He could create characters.
6. They make ground-breaking special effects.
7. The script, the actors and the director.
8. They are tools to tell the story.
9. To the Bible.
10. It was all about effects. / There was no real story.

Grammar

1.

1. making 2. not to notice 3. to take , rolling off 4. speaking 5. to make, rubbing, be able to live. 6. to see 7.
seeing 8. to eat 9. to return, to win 10. staying 11. blaming 12. to become 13. to forget, thinking 14.
smoking 15. talking 16. to finish 17. to be working 18. to help 19. cleaning 20. barking

2.

1. Maria ……….. suggested going to the cinema./ suggested that we go to the cinema.
2. My neighbour … threatened to call the police.
3. I ……avoid travelling by plane because...... I’m scared of flying.
4. I …….. regret to inform you that…
5. Did you … remember to lock the door before… you left the house?
6. I …. suggest taking the train ….. instead of the bus in this traffic jam.
7. I… look forward to coming ………. back here next year.
8. She …. warned him/her not to touch…. that wire.
9. Jack.. denied cheating…in the competition.
10. Would you …mind showing me how this CD player…….. works?

3.

1. travelling, to buy 2. talking, to show 3. to tell, working 4. to have, smoking 5. to pay, taking 6. to inform,
not going 7. to spend, going out 8. to hurt, shouting 9. taking, to get 10. to talk, making

4.

1. doing 2. to change 3. doing 4. to give up 5. to be 6. telling 7. being 8. doing 9. to possess 10. doing

31
 Unit 8

Writing

1.
good/interesting bad funny sad boring exciting
brilliant awful amusing touching dull thrilling
outstanding appalling witty sorrowful tedious fast-paced
superb dreadful hilarious tragic gripping
fascinating terrible humorous moving
fantastic

2.

1.unique 2.perspective 3.unravelled 4.touching and compelling 5.melancholic 6.doomed

7.fascinating/appealing 8.appealing/fascinating

5.
Plot/story shocking, tragic, engrossing,
overcomplicated, boring, entertaining ,
thrilling, unimaginative, predictable,
weak
Script poorly written, well-written, realistic,
excellent, unimaginative, original,
Positive likeable, humorous, convincing,
Characters realistic
Negative shallow, weak, predictable,

6.
1. intricate 2. mind-blowing 3. impressive 4. groundbreaking 5. breathtaking 6. incredible 7. blockbusters

Speaking

2.

1. card game 2. bar counter 3. raise the stake 4. hide 5. socialize 6. tension 7. involve 8. beneficial 9.
absorbed 10. pursue 11. release 12. pleasure 13. broadens

Answers to the questions.

1. Because everybody is silently concentrating on the game.

2. Because the others always know if he has good cards or not.
3. They can be grouped as passive or active, or solitary or community leisure activities
4. Passive leisure activities are those where we don’t use any physical or mental energy. They are good ways
of relaxing but they don’t improve physical and mental health. Active leisure activities involve using
physical and mental energy. They are much more beneficial to our health combined with healthy eating and
lifestyle.
5. Physical activities help him to release stress and tension.

32
 Unit 9

Unit 9

Communication

3.
1. speak 2. tell 3. tell 4. talking 5. told 6. tell, tell 7. speak 8. say 9. talking 10. say

Mobile Madness

5.
1. G 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. E 6. F 7. A 8. J 9. H 10. K

6.
1 gadget 2 ringtone 3 disposable income 4 unaffordable 5 gimmicks 6 quintupled

Social networking

2.A

1. News Feed 2. Friends Online 3. Share 4. Ad 5. Like 6. Tag Photos 7. Profile 8. Poke 9. Wall 10. Account
11. Log out

4. Listening 9.1 (track 29)

1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. C

Global English

2.A Listening 9.2 (track 30)

Possible answers:
1. It is the main language of the media.
2. It is used in science.
3. It is the main language of the Internet.
4. It is widely used in music and literature.
5. It is the language of many governments and organizations.

3.
1. We understand the need for a global language but we also consider our mother tongue important as … it is
part of our national identity.
2. Some languages that used to be a lingua franca are still used in.. trade, diplomacy or religion.
3. The political metaphor about the elephant means that the English language… can unintentionally harm
speakers of minor languages.
4. Some people are unhappy with the global position of English as they …feel that they might lose their
cultural identity.
5. Multilingualism means…using more than one language.
6. Compared to race and religion, linguistic rivalry is…the third most common source of conflict/ less
common.
7. If people who speak a minor language want to benefit from the global economy, they …should learn a
major language.

33
 Unit 9

4.

1. regardless of 2. dishonoured 3. minority 4. identity 5. novelty 6. lingua franca 7. rivalry 8. vernacular

tongue 9. reluctance

6.

1. make a speech 2. give your word 3. crack a joke 4. a quick word 5. a brief chat 6. lengthy discussion 7.
drop a hint 8. change the subject 9. ask a favour 10. get into conversation

The Press

3.

1. lonely hearts 2. personal column 3. review 4. agony column 5. leading article 6. classified ad 7. editorial
8. centrefold 9. Situations Vacant 10. comic strip

4.

1. By delivery from paper boys and girls

2. It was immediately available via the Internet.
3. They are only published on Sundays.
4. That until the 90s, only newsagents were allowed to open on Sundays.
5. Human interest stories, scandals, sex.
6. At paper-folding.
7. Self-censorship and laws of publication.
8. By using gimmicks, and having competitions.
9. Because of reduced circulation and loss of advertising revenues.
10. It’s free and often delivered directly to homes.

Grammar

1.
a) I told her I had something to show her.
b) Rupert said (that) he had been in London for a month but he hadn’t met the Queen yet.
c) Peter told Jim they had moved into their flat the day before.
d) Michael told me he was going to read a book that week.
e) He told Joan she could keep that one if she liked.
f) Helen told Alice she had spent all her pocket money the Monday before.

2.
a) ‘I lost my purse last night, George,’ said Angela
b) ‘I will see you tomorrow, Tim,’ said Graham.
c) ‘I couldn’t get into the house because I had lost my keys,’ Bill said to John.
d) ‘Christina, I have never loved anyone so much in my life,’ David said.
e) ‘By the time I got there everybody had disappeared,’ said the woman.
f) ‘I am not going to lend you money again, Jill,’ said Thomas.

34
 Unit 9

3.
a) Could you tell me….what you think of Paris?
b) Could you possibly tell me… where the railway station is?
c) Could you tell me ….if this bus goes to the airport?
d) Can you explain…how I get/how to get to the city centre?
e) Would you mind telling me… how old you are?

4.
a) The policeman asked me… what she had been wearing when I last saw her.
b) Amanda asked the examiner…when she would know the results of the examination.
c) Anna asked me.. if I had seen the library.
d) The guys asked Paul… if he would like to join their bowling club.
e) Mr Jones asked the car dealer.. how much a new Ferrari cost.
f) The waiter asked me ..if I was enjoying my meal.
g) He asked her…why she thought it might be dangerous.
h) He wanted to know ……whether/if they had understood what I had said to them.

5
a) warned b) refused c) confessed d) accused e) admitted f) suggested g) advised

6.
a) I doubt ..that you are my type.
b) Maggie threatened…to pinch me very hard if I wore her T-shirt again.
c) Jill apologised ..for being late again.
d) Cecilia insisted ….on not helping with the shopping because she had already arranged to meet her friend.
e) Wendy reminded ..Sue to buy some milk.
f) William denied ..ever having been in prison.

Speaking

2.

Picture 1
1. affairs 2. gossip 3. headlines 4. circulation 5. sensational 6. false reports 7. scandals 8. fabricate 9.
subscriber 10. gain

Answers to the questions.

a) Popular papers because people are more interested in sensational news.
b) Sex, sport and crime.
c) Because she prefers accurate news, not just hoaxes.
d) When there is gossip about her favourite actors or singers.
e) By fabricating stories.

Picture 4
1. conveys 2. broadcasting 3. connection 4. updated 5. tool 6. widespread 7. globe 8. journal 9. account 10.
gadgets

Answers to the questions.

a) The media used for addressing or communicating with the masses.
b) Social networking, video sharing and blogs.
c) To keep us informed and updated.
d) It’s able to change public opinion and influence people.
e) Their favourite subjects, accounts of their daily happenings, their favourite links, and comments.
35
 Unit 10

Unit 10

Holidays

2.
Types of holidays Picture Description
1. package tour 1 B
2. backpacking 4 A
3. cruise 2 D
4. camping 5 E
5. adventure 3 C

3.A Listening 10.1 (track 31)

1. Tony: adventure 2. Suzy: cruise 3. Sam: package tour 4. Peter: backpacking 5. Sandra: camping

3.B

a) Suzy b) Tony c) Sandra d) Tony e) Peter f) Sam g) Suzy h) Peter

7.

Voyage: b) Journey: a) Travel: c) Trip: d) Break: e)

8. A

1. sunbathing 2. skiing 3. fishing 4. cycling 5. scuba diving

10. B Listening 10.2 (track 32)

1. was to cheer herself up / didn’t have the opportunity as a child.

2. didn’t have enough money
3. going back to your childhood.
4. achieve her childhood dream.
5. a high-speed roller coaster.
6. ghosts and evil spirits.
7. utopian city of the future.
8. Disney character merchandise.
9. roller skates.
10. want to be a child again

Tourism and tourists

2.

1. G 2. C 3. I 4. D 5. A 6. L 7. F 8. E 9. B 10. H

6.A

1. d 2. b 3. c 4. a

6.B

1. lost my heart 2. globetrotter 3. in the middle of nowhere 4. live out of a suitcase

36
 Unit 10

Transportation

1.

a) trolleybus b) coach c) tram d) double-decker e) train f) taxi g) shuttle bus

2.

1. On the one hand 2. another problem is that/what’s more 3. What’s more/Another problem is that 4. in
addition 5. On the other hand 6. However 7. As for

5. For the answers, check the vocabulary list.

6.

1. flight attendants 2. check-in. 3. departure lounge. 4. check-in counter 5. excess fee. 6. cabin baggage 7.
boarding pass 8. waiting lounge 9. take off 10. duty free 11 board 12. runway 13. turbulence 14. airsick 15.
one-way ticket 16 return ticket 17. ticket inspector 18. punch 19. compartment 20. first class

Driving and Cars

2.

a) SUV b) pick up c) estaté car d) hatchback e) saloon f) MPV g) convertible h) lorry

6.A Listening 10.3 (track 33)

1. Because after that age, it’s more and more difficult to learn how to drive.
2. You have to learn a complex series of physical movements.
3. A medical certificate.
4. The Highway Code and basic mechanics.
5 How to check whether the heart is beating / how to give artificial respiration / how to bandage wounds.
6. Driving in the city, because you have to apply everything that you have learned.

7.A

1. downshift into a lesser gear 2. apply the brake 3. release the handbrake 4. move the gear leveler into
neutral (position) 5. turn on the ignition 6. fasten your seat belt 7. change gears 8. press the accelerator 9.
indicate/signal left or right 10. adjust the position of the seat

7. B

a) adjust the position of the seat b) fasten your seat belt c) move the gear lever into neutral (position) d) Turn
on the ignition, indicate left or right e) Apply the brake, release the handbrake f) press the accelerator g)
change gears h) downshift into a lesser gear

8.

1. the basics and how to drive with a trained instructor.

2. to familiarize yourself with.
3. by a line diagram on the gear shift.
4. still holding the clutch pedal down.
5. use the clutch

37
 Unit 10

6. change into a higher gear.

7. press down the clutch.
8. open spaces where there’s no traffic.

Rules of the road

3.

1. the Highway Code.

2. forget to drive on the left.
3. are wearing seat belts or child restraints.
4. are not allowed to drive a manual car.
5. your doctor permits it.
6. slow traffic down.
7. go within the speed limit.
8. you get points for speeding offenses
9. enter traffic or change lanes.
10. safe stopping distances.

6.A

1. dead end 2. at a crossroads 3. road hog 4. hit the road 5. on the right/wrong track

6.B

1. dead end. 2. road-hog. 3. hit the road 4. at a crossroads. 5. on the right track.

Travel-related accidents

1.

e) In 2009, 17862 people were injured and 822 people died on the roads.

3.

1. Weather and road conditions, drivers and pedestrians’ behaviour, the condition of the vehicle.
2. They are overconfident, take more risks and believe they can handle whatever comes their way.
3. When passengers don’t wear seat belts.
4. The one’s who is responsible for the accident.

4.A

Possible answers:
Road accidents: reckless driving, inexperience, inattentiveness, using hand-held mobile phones, loud music,
slippery roads, rubbernecking, intoxication, mechanical failure, inclement weather conditions, animals,
human error, fatigue, influence of drugs or medicine
Aviation accidents: inexperience, inattentiveness, intoxication, mechanical failure, inclement weather
conditions, hijacking, human error, turbulence, fatigue, influence of drugs or medicine
Rail accidents: inexperience, inattentiveness, intoxication, mechanical failure, inclement weather conditions,
human error, fatigue, influence of drugs or medicine

38
 Unit 10
Grammar

1.

1. was able to 2. was able to, can’t 3. Can, could, can’t 4. will be able to 5. been able to 6. be able to
7. can/could 8. can’t, could 9. been able to 10. will be able to

2.

1. you need to pay 2. I will be able to / may /might have a little rest. 3. have to be left outside 4. Ok. 5.
should 6. Ok 7. You can’t be serious. 8. Ok 9. needn’t have opened it 10. Ok.

3.

1. I think you .. had better give up…. drinking.

2. He …must have been frightened …… in the haunted castle.
3. .. Do I have to wear this…….. ridiculous dress to the party?
4. You…shouldn’t have sold your…… car.
5. He … can’t be a cheater… He is a very honest person.
6. No one … was allowed to visit … the prisoner since Friday.
7. She…may have seen me drinking ………. in the pub.
8. Sally … might/may not have enjoyed her holiday……… by the sea.

4.

1. Peter should have arrived long ago.

2. Your dog must have broken my expensive wine glass collection.
3. You needn’t have done the hoovering.
4. They can’t have eaten all the sandwiches.
5. Might Jack and Jill have divorced?
6. She might have eaten a lot of ice cream.
7. You mustn’t/can’t park here.
8. Mary can swim freestyle.

Writing

2.

1 has 2 had planned 3 didn’t have 4 had been predicted 5 had packed 6 arrived 7 were 8 had 9 were being
played 10 had to wait 11 got 12 wanted 13 didn’t do

Speaking

3.
Picture 1
1. precautions 2. economical 3. emit 4. inexpensive 5. burn 6. pass 7. pavement 8. fast-paced 9. commuting
10. environmentalists

Answers to the questions.

a) Because they are wearing helmets and are riding in the bicycle lane.
b) It is environmentally friendly and economical. It is cheap and healthy and you can go around the traffic.
c) It is dangerous as there are many cars on the roads. The air you breathe in is polluted. You cannot use it in
all seasons. It’s too slow in our fast-paced world.
d) Generally by bus or his/her parents take him/her. Rarely he/she can take the family car.
e) Because he/she thinks he/she will never go anywhere without a car in the future.

39
 Unit 10

Picture 2
1. terminal building 2. check in 3. holidaymaker 4. accommodate 5. facilities 6. sightseeing 7. relaxing 8.
have a break 9. destination 10. jet lag

Answers to the questions.

a) No because they have to work and don’t have much time for pleasure.
b) Sunshine, the beach, beautiful scenery, and relaxation.
c) To relax, have a break, and leave everything behind.
d) Advantages: convenient, fast, safe. Disadvantages: can be expensive, jet-lag

40
 Unit 11

Unit 11

Weather

1.

Possible answers:
shower: d, b downpour: d gale: a heatwave: e breeze: a drizzle: d sleet: b, d blizzard: b
hail: d frost: c boiling: e damp: d fog: c chilly: c mist: d storm: a, b, d humid: e
blazing: f sweltering: e cloudburst: d slush: b unbearable: e

3. A

1. cats and dogs

2. a storm in a teacup
3. put the wind up me
4. it never rains but it pours
5. on cloud nine

Weather forecasts

1.

a) Fish bite more before a rainstorm.

b) If the Groundhog comes out of his hole and sees his shadow, winter will last for 6 more weeks.
c) bees stay close to their hives when a summer rainstorm is on the way.
d) Clear moon, frost soon.
e) When a cat sneezes, rain is on the way.
f) Dew on the grass, rain won't come to pass.
g) Chimney smoke descends, our nice weather ends.

Extreme weather

1.A

1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. C

3.

1. Because they worry about it.

2. There were lots of heavy rainstorms and floods in Europe and drought in the USA.
3. It would cost the country billions of dollars.
4. They say it is normal, regional changes.
5. By losing coastal lands and destroying forests.
6. Extremes in weather have quadrupled.
7. These gases trap energy, so it can’t go back into space.
8. Human activities.
9. Because the problem needs a global solution.
10. The effects of pollution wouldn’t disappear for at least 100 years.

4.

1. hence 2. impact 3. erratic 4. spare 5. ran amok 6. attributable 7. concern 8. apparent 9. wreak havoc 10.
severe 11. quadrupled 12. precipitation

41
 Unit 11

Weather and its effects

4. Listening 11.1 (track 35)

1. She is in a good mood.

2. Her shoulder hurts.
3. She just smiles at them.
4. To know if they will feel achy or not.
5. Old, young, and chronically ill people.
6. Arthritis and migraines.
7. Suicide and depression rates.
8. Some feel energetic and excited.
9. By sunlight, exercise, diet, and understanding your body.
10. Recharge yourself with the healing energy of the sun.

Environmental problems and dangers

3.A

1. rainforests 2. cut down 3. cattle 4. habitat 5. barren deserts 6. greenhouse gases 7. droughts 8. destructive
9. glaciers 10. fossil fuels 11. deplete 12. fish stocks 13. natural habitats 14. destruction 15. extinction

3. B

1. Agriculture. Farmers need more space for planting crops or grazing cattle.
2. Certain gases trap heat in the atmosphere and warm up the Earth.
3. By burning fossil fuels and emitting greenhouse gases.
4. To protect humans and other living things from ultraviolet rays.
5. Their natural habitats are destroyed.
6. Destruction of forests: loss of habitat, soil dries out, no absorption of greenhouse gases
Global warming and the greenhouse effect: increase in global temperature, more persistent heatwaves and
droughts, more destructive hurricanes, destruction of ecosystems, rise in sea level,
The thinning ozone layer: causes skin cancer and cataracts, reduces levels of plankton, decreasing fish
stocks

3. C

Destruction of forests: illegal logging, acid rain, cattle raising, emissions from factories
Global warming: heavy traffic, deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, air travel
The thinning ozone layer: using aerosol sprays, deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, population growth
Extinction of species: destruction of natural habitats, poaching, overfishing

Pollution

5.

Possible answers:
Air pollution: burning of fossil fuels for heating, vehicles emitting exhaust fumes, incinerators, power plant
smokestacks, aerosol sprays
Water pollution: oil spills from tankers, ships, detergents in domestic sewage, untreated sewage
Soil pollution: illegal dumping (hazardous toxic and industrial waste), spilled fuels and chemicals, chemical
fertilizers, mining, untreated sewage
Light pollution: over-illuminated buildings, electronic billboards
Noise pollution: construction work, loud pubs and bars, the sound of automobiles, trains and aircrafts, the
sound of industrial machinery
42
 Unit 11

6.C

Possible answers:
Air pollution: lung cancer, respiratory diseases, acid rain
Light, noise pollution: disturb sleeping
Water pollution: lakes and rivers are unfit for swimming
Soil: vegetables grown in polluted soil are harmful

Environmental protection and green living

2.B Listening 11.2 (Track 36)

1. Earth’s resources 2. washing your vegetables and dishes 3. two-thirds 4. energy efficient 5. they are not
being used 6. they are switched off 7. emissions 8. efficiently 9. protect

4.A

1 to dispose of sth, 2. to suffer from sth, 3 in danger 4. under threat 5. harmful to 6. affected by sth/sb 7.
responsible for 8. discharge into

Recycling

2. Listening 11.3 (Track 37 )

1. industrialisation and urbanisation

2. in a throw-away world
3. poisonous substances
4. the hazardous gases produced by burning waste
5. by factories which emit poisonous gases
6. it cannot be disposed of
7. conserving materials and energy by using things again
8. doesn’t decay
9. toilet paper, egg cartons, packaging materials, and paper bags
10. collect waste selectively

3.

1. urbanisation 2. sewage 3. dumping 4. municipal waste 5. dispose of 6. compost 7. acid rain 8.

decay 9. conserve 10. hazardous

6.A

1. Operates waste yards in Budapest.

2. Preventative actions.
3. To educate Hungarian Citizens on environmental issues and change their attitudes toward waste
management.
4. Consumption and consumption-generating advertisements.
5. If conditions were better.
6. Lack of room. The separation process is complicated. Collection points are too far away. Lack of
information.

43
 Unit 11

6.B
3500 – tonnes of waste was selected in 2004
903 – the number of selective waste collection points in Budapest
18 – the number of environmental groups that make HuMusz
70 – the percentage of people who said they would be willing to collect waste selectively if the
conditions were right
26 – the percentage of people who said they are lacking information about where to find collection
sites
650,000 – tonnes of communal waste in Budapest
1000 – the number of schools and public institutions where there are dry cell battery collection bins

Alternative Energy

2.

1D 2 J 3. I 4. B 5. E 6. F 7. L 8. K 9. A 10. H

3.

1. contribute 2. deterioration 3. deplete 4. constant 5. remote 6. abundant 7. damming 8. affordable

9. consumption

Grammar

1.

1. Wrong: that/which I bought last month

2. Wrong: for which or which I paid £2000 for.
3. Ok
4. Wrong: who is very tall
5. Ok
6. Wrong: that goes to the city centre
7. Ok
8. Wrong: whose brother I went
9. Ok
10. Ok

2.

1. which 2. what, which 3. whose 4. whom 5. ----- 6. ------ 7. where 8. ----- 9. what, what 10. which 11. who

3.

1. Thank you very much.... for the postcard which/that you sent me.
2. His new CD .......... , which was released two months ago, is a big success.
3. This is Mr Jones ................., whose son was the champion last year.
4 James ..., who had been driving all day, was tired and wanted to stop.
5. Jack .., whose car had broken down, had to take the train.
6. The book I ...lent you was written by a friend of mine who lives in Hungary.
7. The things, ... which/that I left in my car, aren’t there anymore.
8. My neighbours, ... whose three dogs make a lot of noise, never apologise.
9. The pilot, ...who had ignored the warning messages sent, flew the plane into a storm and crashed it.
10. The new ... car, which I bought, cost me a fortune.
44
 Unit 11

Writing

3.

1. Fortunately 2. One way would be 3. therefore 4. Another solution would be 5. By doing this 6. The most
effective way to 7. All things considered

Speaking

Picture 2

1. unique 2. landscape 3. snowball 4. fancy 5. awakening 6 .blossoms 7. fluctuation 8. mild 9. swelteringly

Answers to the questions.

1. Snowball fights and makes snow angels.

2. Because it’s great to warm up after winter.
3. Summers have become hotter and winters colder.
4. Global warming.

Picture 5

1. smokestacks 2. pollutants 3. source 4. respiratory 5. extinction 6. sewage 7. landfills 8. threats 9. sort 10.
reverse

Answers to the questions.

1. Factories and vehicles emitting smoke and exhaust fumes into the air and burning of fossil fuels.
2. Respiratory and other diseases, and it is the main cause of the greenhouse effect.
3. They ignore them and don’t do anything.
4. He never litters and sorts the rubbish at home. He composts organic waste. He uses his bicycle and walks
instead of using a car. His family use low flow shower heads and energy saving light bulbs.
5. By having unified and strict laws, and rules to limit pollution and activities causing pollution.

45
 Unit 12

Unit 12

Crime and punishment

1.

Possible answers: poverty, addictions, evil nature, hopelessness, an easy way to get money, etc.

2.A

1. f 2. i 3. b 4. d 5. j 6. g 7. a 8. e 9. h 10. c 11. k

2.B

1. blackmailer 2. kidnapper 3. smuggler 4. arsonist 5. burglar 6. robber 8. rapist 9. murderer 10. shoplifter
11. vandal

4.A

1. community service 2. fine 3. jail sentence 4. suspended prison sentence 5. capital punishment 6. life
imprisonment 7. probation

5.

1. accused 2. charges 3. jury 4. imprisonment 5. attorney 6. appealed 7. offenders 8. conviction 9.

bail 10. evidence

Addictions

1.

Possible answers: • alcohol • smoking • drugs • gambling • food • video games • internet • shopping • work

2.A

Drugs: 1. addiction 2. experimentation 3. curiosity 4. ability 5. powerless 6. attendance

Smoking: 7. popularity 8. addictive 9. determination
Alcohol: 10. accompanied 11. alcoholics 12. withdrawal 13. alcoholism 14. valuable

B.

1. It seems to solve problems and make life better.

2. Out of curiosity, to solve and erase problems.
3. You may lose or gain weight. / It deteriorates.
4. Courage, strength and support from family, friends and others.
5. Under the age of 18.
6. Nicotine. It’s highly addictive.
7. Because drinking is popular in many activities.
8. To avoid withdrawal symptoms.
9. You are more likely to start drinking.
10. To get money for alcohol.

46
 Unit 12

2. Reading

1. J 2. A 3. G 4. I 5. D 6. K 7. C 8. H 9. F 10. E

3.

1. E 2. F 3. G 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D

Unemployment and homelessness

2. A

a) a person who has no home or job b) a place which gives protection c) to go around an area to check that is
safe d) money paid to unemployed people e) a person who lives by asking people for money or food f)
unharmed

2. B Listening 12.1, track 38

1. on park benches or on the pavement

2. homelessness and poverty
3. give a clearer picture about his work
4. to a nearby church hall.
5. local students / a mobile kitchen.
6. they can make a living from begging.
7. rehabilitation centres.
8. to persuade them to go home.
9. they are always depressed.
10. support.

Grammar

1.

1. between, opposite 2. to, at, in 3. against, in 4. in, During 5. in, at 6. from, to, until 7. at, for 8. by, in, on,
over 9. in, in, on 10. in, at , on, in

2.

1. off 2. for 3. without 4. on 5. at 6. by 7. in 8. on 9. out 10. in

3.

1. warning 2. haste 3. person 4. order 5. heart 6. doubt 7. keeps 8. colour 9. theory 10. vain

4.

1. Please forgive me…for breaking your new MP3 player.

2. I blame …you for being late again.
3. I’m surprised that James is …interested in curling.
4. I am very grateful … for your help.
5. I accuse …you of stealing my precious English dictionary.
6. He congratulated…….. Tony on passing his exams.
7. He prohibited.. his son from leaving his room for a month.
8. You are always quarrelling ……… about where to put my dirty socks.
47
 Unit 12

5.

1. about 2. about 3. at 4. from 5. at 6. of 7. on 8. to 9. of 10. with

Speaking

3.

1. tribe 2. intoxicated 3. delinquency 4. offences 5. vandalism 6. commit 7. supervision 8. failure 9. alert 10.
targeted

Answers to the questions:

1. They have no real reasons; they are jut desperate, futureless and full of tension.
2. Lack of supervision and negligence bear more crime among children and young people.
3. A child shocked his classmates with a taser.
4. Pockets, purses and backpacks.

48
 Unit 13

Unit 13

Member States

2.A

1/C 2/C 3/A 4/B 5/A 6/B

2.BVocabulary

1. Austria Austrian German 14. Italy Italian Italian

2. Belgium Belgian French German 15. Latvia Latvian Latvian
3. Bulgaria Bulgarian Bulgarian 16. Lithuania Lithuanian Lithuanian
4. Cyprus Cypriot Greek, English 17. Luxembourg Luxembourg French, German
5. Czech Republic Czech Czech 18. Malta Maltese Maltese, English
6. Denmark Danish Danish 19. Poland Polish Polish
7. Estonia Estonian Estonian 20. Portugal Portuguese Portuguese
8. Finland Finnish Finnish, Swedish 21. Romania Romanian Romanian
9. France French French 22. Slovakia Slovakian Slovak
10. Germany German German 23. Slovenia Slovenian Slovenian
11. Greece Greek Greek 24. Spain Spanish Spanish
12. Hungary Hungarian Hungarian 25. Sweden Swedish Swedish
13. Ireland Irish Irish, English 26. the Netherlands Dutch Dutch
27. the United Kingdom British English

2. C

a) Founding countries: France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Italy

b) In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania joined the European Union.

3.

Explanation: The motto means that via the EU, Europeans are united in working together for peace and prosperity, and
that the many different cultures, traditions and languages in Europe are a positive asset for the continent.

The History of the EU

1.

a) A unique organization, an economical and political union, in which countries work together.
b) They can live, work and study in any of the member states.
c) To promote peace, democracy, equality, human rights and well-being.

3.A

1 member states 2 customs duties 3 joined 4 community 5 expansion 6 official currency 7 borders, abolished
8 treaties 9 Enlargement

3.B Listening 13.1, track 39

1 the Second World War 2 trade 3 the economy 4 1951 5 duties 6 common market 7 Denmark 8 1986 9
internal borders 10 fall of the Berlin Wall 11 euro 12 2002 13 central and eastern 14 assistance 15 peace 16
democracy 17 freedom

49
 Unit 13

Panorama of the European Union

2.

1. Equal opportunities for all 2. A greener Europe 3. Jobs and Prosperity 4. Going abroad to study 5. Fewer
frontiers, more opportunities 6. Freedom, security and justice for all 7. Euros in your pocket 8. Exporting
peace and stability

3.

1. Fewer frontiers, more opportunities 2. A greener Europe 3. Going abroad to study 4. Jobs and Prosperity
5. Equal opportunities for all 6. Freedom, security and justice for all 7. Exporting peace and stability 8.
Euros in your pocket

4.

1. When what you buy is not for personal use.

2. No need to exchange money. / you don’t have to pay commission.
3. The EU rewards companies who cut their emissions. / Those who exceed the limit have to pay a penalty.
4. It was dumped in poor countries.
5. Student exchange partnerships.
6. To make Europe a knowledge-based society and to provide a skilled workforce.
7. Creating jobs in disadvantaged regions and providing training for unemployed or under qualified people.
8. Men and women not having equal pay for equal work.
9. Transferring criminals.
10. To prevent wars.

Hungary in the European Union

2. Listening 13.2 (track 40)

1. the Hungarian state was founded.

2. a dominant power.
3. Culture, traditions and language
4. it has seen many wars.
5. Nobel prizes.
6. co-operation, tolerance, and preparation.
7. the influence of the Soviet Union disappeared
8. the candidate countries.
9. new markets.
10. unemployment, terrorism and technological challenges.

3.

1. suppressed, conquerors 2. adapt to, circumstances 3. paved 4. measures, accelerate 5. gained 6. prosperity
7. standpoints

Grammar

1.

1. called off 2. carry out 3. clearing up 4 came across 5. takes after 6. give up 7. make up for 8. face up to 9.
turned down
50
 Unit 13

2.

1. around 2. after 3. out 4. up 5. away 6. off 7. with 8. up 9. up 10. through 11. of

3.

1. Do you know how... to fill in this form?

2. Anna’s car ...broke down on the motorway.
3. You should ..cut down on salty food.
4. Carlos cheated on his exam and ..got away with it.
5. I ...ran into Philip at the station.
6. I..feel up to .................going to the cinema tonight.
7. I have been ................putting aside money for 10 years.
8. The boys ... get up to mischief all day.

4.

1. over 2. OK 3. OK 4. OK 5. broke down 6. picking on me 7. cut 8. OK 9. come into 10. put up with

Writing

3.

1 apologise 2 resolve the problem 3 Due to 4 offer 5 hearing from you

Speaking

Picture 1

1. single currency 2. launched 3. introduced 4. close up 5. low inflation 6. exchange money 7. exchange rates
8. customs duties 9. fluctuation 10. citizens

Answers to the questions.

a) Low inflation and little budget deficit.

b) It’s the name of the area where you can use the euro.
c) You don’t have to queue to exchange money. No exchange rates and customs duties. It is easier to do
business. No risk of fluctuation between currencies.
d) It’s expensive to meet the criterion you need to introduce it.

Picture 2

1. borders 2. achievements 3. abolishment 4. unified 5. passports 6. extra taxes 7. open borders 8. cross 9.
mobility 10. accessible

Answers to the questions.

a) Free movement within the borders of the EU.

b) It is easy to move around the Union for education, professional, healthcare and other purposes.
c) It is also easier for criminals to pass borders.
d) The student likes it because it is easier to get to know other cultures and gives the feeling of freedom

51
 Unit 13

ECL exam tests

Test 1

Reading 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
E B C F J H G D M I A

Reading 2

1) A wedding organizer company called WeddingItaly did all the preparations.

2) They want to get married in an unusual way.
3) They are popular because these weddings are cheap and adventurous.
4) It is a combination of a wedding and a honeymoon.
5) The number of destination weddings is rising.
6) The Italians, French and Spanish prefer not to get married abroad.
7) Fewer guests are invited.
8) Legal requirements vary by country.
9) Officially, couples get married at home./ France requires a pre-marriage residency period.
10) They needed proof that they were single and two witnesses.

Listening 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A C B A C C B A C A B

Listening 2

1. Bringing unique elements to his characters.

2. On the ocean battling the elements.
3. A cobra.
4. Using humour on any level.
5. He doesn’t know who anybody is.
6. A difficult and long prison sentence.
7. His own performance.
8. He didn’t know where he was, emotionally or psychologically.
9. No - some of it is scary.
10. That they get money for what they do.

Test 2

Reading 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
J I C H E F M A G L D

52
 Unit 13

Reading 2

1. They are given for expensive investments.

2. Leaks and draughts.
3. By installing reflective panels behind radiators.
4. To insulate cavity walls.
5. Install foam or pump insulation into the gap.
6. The EU’s energy efficiency labels.
7. The insulation and energy consumption.
8. It brings little financial return.
9. If its size is appropriate for the home.
10. Central heating programmer and thermostatic valves.

Listening 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A B C A B A B C A C A

Listening 2

1. To have the body of a professional bodybuilder.

2. Private coaches.
3. Because they give them advantages and help them recover faster.
4. The training should be right for your body and genetics.
5. Rest and food.
6. Your muscles don’t have enough time to recover and you risk getting injured.
7. They are safer and more effective than free weights.
8. Because they support the weight.
9. It kept her from gaining muscles.
10. By eating more calories and by weight training.

Test 3

Reading 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
F M J C E A D K I G H

Reading 2

1. Men’s bigger muscles burn more calories.

2. They crave meat.
3. Protein fills you up much better and faster.
4. Because light weights are not as effective as heavy ones.
5. Feel guilty and more depressed
6. They should find out the reason for their depression.
7. They do some physical activity like running or DIY.
8. They cut-out their favourite foods.
9. They should start cleaning the house.
10. They should do something enjoyable that distracts them from eating.

53
 Unit 13

Listening 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B B A A C B B C C A A

Listening 2
1. They become servants.
2. Their kids’ attitudes.
3. They say offensive words and show no respect to relatives.
4. Murders and child abuse.
5. The economic situation and the religious environment.
6. Because they are seen as punishments.
7. The children became stubborn and don’t listen to them.
8. Start disciplining children when they are toddlers.
9. Because kids need more attention.
10. They don’t have strong relationships with relatives. / They don’t have big families.

Test 4
Reading 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
B J H C F G I K D A L

Reading 2

1. Because the water was shallow.

2. He assumed the bay wouldn’t get deeper. / Because it was shorter.
3. Because he tried different ways but could not find shallow water.
4. Because his waders were filled up with water.
5. He dropped his fishing rod and tried to take off his waders.
6. They looked for help but there was no one else.
7. That they would have had to dive to find him./ He had already gone back underwater.
8. He was in terrible condition, he could have been losing consciousness. / His eyes were rolled up and he
was holding his chest.
9. Because the girls went to the hospital./One girl was injured.
10. When they met Mike McClure and he showed them pictures of his family.

Listening 1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A B A B C C C A A C A

Listening 2

1. Because of problems at work.

2. Poppy-seed and walnut
3. A pillow case filled with presents.
4. His brothers’ girlfriends. / His cousins’ respective boyfriends and girlfriends.
5. Pass the orange.
6. Dried fruit and alcohol.
7. Watching the Queen’s speech.
8. Too exhausted to do anything.
9. She hid/would hide them in the garden.
10. The death and resurrection of Christ.
54
 Szólista
Unit 1 Hairstyle and colour Hajviselet és szín
The Individual – Az egyén
a fringe / bangs (NAmE) frufru
Age Életkor bald kopasz
middle-aged középkorú bleach blonde hidrogén-szőke
elderly idősödő blonde szőke
in his 20s/30s húszas/harmincas éveiben curly göndör
in his mid 20s/30s húszas/harmincas évei dyed festett
közepén fair szőke
in his early 20s/30s húszas/harmincas évei grey ősz
elején
in plaits/ braids be van fonva a haja
in his late 20s/30s húszas/harmincas évei
végén in a bun kontyban
dreadlocks raszta haj
Build Felépítés jet-black korom fekete
athletic kisportolt/izmos alkat long hosszú
broad-shouldered széles vállú pony-tail lófarokban
chubby pufók, dundi red vörös
fat kövér short rövid
has a beer gut sörhasa van shoulder-length vállig érő
muscular izmos straight egyenes
overweight túlsúlyos spiky tüsi haj
plump telt tousled kuszált
slender sudár, karcsú thinning ritkuló
slim karcsú untidy/messy (NAmE) ápolatlan, gondozatlan
stout köpcös, keménykötésű wavy hullámos
thin sovány white fehér
well-built jó felépítésű permed dauerolt

Height Magasság Face Arc

below average átlag alatti chubby cheeks pufók arc

medium height közepes magasságú double chin toka
short alacsony freckled szeplős
rather short eléggé alacsony have bags under táskás szem
one’s eyes,
tall magas baggy eyes
rather tall meglehetősen magas high cheekbones magas arccsont
high forehead magas homlok
long nose hosszú orr

55
straight nose egyenes orr Star signs Csillagjegyek
turned-up nose turcsi orr Aries Kos
snub nose pisze orr Taurus Bika
big nose nagy orr Gemini Ikrek
pointed chin hegyes áll Cancer Rák
spotty pattanásos Leo Oroszlán
thin/full lips keskeny/telt ajkak Virgo Szűz
thin vékony Libra Mérleg
long hosszú Scorpio Skorpió
round kerek Sagittarius Nyilas
square szögletes Capricorn Bak
oval ovális Aquarius Vízöntő
wrinkled ráncos Pisces Halak

Eyes Szem Personality adjectives Belső tulajdonságok

thin eyebrows vékony szemöldök active tevékeny, aktív
bushy eyebrows bozontos szemöldök ambitious becsvágyó, törekvő
bushy eyelashes dús szempilla (un)assertive öntudatos, magabiztos
thick eyelashes vastag szempilla bad-tempered zsörtölődő, rosszkedvű
long eyelashes hosszú szempilla bossy parancsolgató
greyish-blue szürkéskék conscientious lelkiismeretes
ligh blue világoskék conservative konzervatív
expressive kifejező curious kíváncsi
cheeky szemtelen, pimasz
Complexion Arcszín determined határozott
dark sötét (un)disciplined fegyelmezett
fair világos dynamic lendületes
pale sápadt easy-going könnyed, nyugis
tanned napbarnított eccentric különc
efficient rátermett
Beard styles Szakáll fajták (un)emotional érzelgős, érzelmes
clean-shaven frissen borotvált energetic lendületes, energikus
goatee kecskeszakáll (un)enthusiastic lelkes
moustache bajusz (un)friendly barátságos
sideburns oldalszakáll (un)faithful hűséges
unshaven borostás foolish esztelen, őrült
stubble borosta generous nagylelkű
impatient türelmetlen
impulsive lobbanékony
56
indecisive határozatlan witty eszes, szellemes
independent független wise bölcs
instinctive ösztönös
(un)intelligent intelligens Ages and stages Kor és életszakasz
introverted befelé forduló személy adolescence serdülőkor
(un)interesting érdekes adolescent kamasz
kind-hearted jószívű adult supervision felnőtt felügyelet
materialistic anyagias adulthood felnőttkor
(im)mature érett childhood gyermekkor
moody szeszélyes coming of age party 18. szülinapi parti
narrow-mindend szűk látokörű crawl mászik
obstinate önfejű, csökönyös disobedient engedetlen
passionate szenvedélyes deteriorate romlik, rosszabbodik
patient türelmes infancy csecsemőkor
pessimistic borúlátó middle age érett kor
(un)pleasant kellemes middle-aged középkorú
precise precíz milestone mérföldkő
proud büszke observe megfigyel
quiet csendes pension nyugdíj
rational értelmes pensioner nyugdíjazás
(un)reliable megbízható physical ageing testi öregedés
reserved zárkózott, fagyos rapid growth gyors növekedés
resistant ellenálló rat race mókuskerék (mint élet)
(un)romantic romantikus rebel lázad
rude durva, goromba reproduction szaporodás
self-centred önző, egocentrikus retired nyugdíjas, visszavonult
self-confident magabiztos retirement nyugdíjas évek
(un)selfish önző scribble firkál
serious komoly talk back visszabeszél
shy félénk toddler totyogó kisgyerek
sincere őszinte
(un)sympathic szimpatikus Daily routine Napi rutin
(un)sociable társaságkedvelő brush one’s teeth fogat mos
stubborn makacs collect the kids from… elmegy a gyerekekért
tolerant türelmes, toleráns comb one’s hair fésülködik
touchy/sensitive érzékeny, sértődékeny fall asleep elalszik
vain hiú floss one’s teeth fogselymet használ
violent erőszakos get dressed felöltözik
well-balanced kiegyensúlyozott have a snooze szundít
57
leave for work elindul dolgozni fix the dripping tap megjavítja a
csöpögő csapot
leaver for school elindul az iskolába
take out the rubbish kiviszi a szemetet
oversleep elalszik
scrub the floor felsúrolja a padlót
press the snooze megnyomja a szundi
button gombot sweep the floor felsöpri a padlót
put on make-up kisminkeli magát mop the floor felmossa a padlót
put the kids to bed lefeketeti a gyerekeket
put the kettle on vizet melegít In the laundry A mosókonyhában
set the alarm clock beállítja az ébresztőt hang out the clothes kitereget
stay in bed ágyban marad fold clothes ruhát hajtogat
take a nap szundikál (ebéd után) sort colours and kiválogatja a színes és fehér
take a shower zuhanyozik whites ruhákat

to be late for school késik az iskolából put clothes in the beleteszi a ruhákat a
washing machine mosogatógéppbe

Housework Házimunka put clothes in the a szárítóba teszi a ruhákat

dryer
In the bedroom A hálószobában
make the bed beágyaz
In the garden A kertben
air the room kiszellőzteti a szobát
dig up the garden felássa a kertet
do the vacuuming/ porszívózik
hoovering do the gardening kertészkedik

clean up the mess feltakarít lawn mower fűnyíró

dust bunny/dustball porcica, pehely mow the lawn lenyírja a gyepet

dust the furniture leporolja a bútort paint the fence kerítést fest

feather duster tollseprű rake leaves összegereblyézi a leveleket

vacuum cleaner porszívó shovel the snow ellapátolj a havat

ornament dísztárgy trim the hedge lenyírja a sövényt

polish kifényesít weed the garden kigyomlálja a kertet

water the flowers megöntözi a virágokat

In the kitchen A konyhában repair/mend, megjavít dolgokat

fix things
apron kötény
Other words Egyéb szavak
clear the table leszedi az asztalt
breadwinner kenyérkereső
do the washing up / elmosogat
wash the dishes bring up the children felneveli a gyerekeket

lay/set the table megterít burden teher

tea/dish towel konyharuha butler cseléd

cutlery evőeszköz do one’s fair share tisztességgel megteszi

a magáét
dry/wipe the dishes eltörli a tányérokat
domestic matters családi ügyek
rinse the dishes elöblíti a tányérokat
domestic task háztartási munka
load the dishes beteszi a tényérokat
into the dishwasher a mosogatógéppbe economic necessity gazdasági
szükségszerűség

58
family unit családi egység scruffy, shabby rosszul öltözött,
ápolatlan, szakadt
household device, háztartási készülék
appliance/gadget smart elegáns, csinos
keep house háztartást vezet sophisticated kifinomult
keep the összetartja a családot tight/loose-fitting feszes, testhez álló/laza
family together
to be in fashion divatos
maid/cleaning lady takarítónő
to be out of fashion ódivatú
make a decision döntést hoz
trendy divatos
odd jobs apró javítások,
vivid colours élénk színek
házkörüli munkák
to fit illik a ruha vkre (méretre)
responsible for felelős vm-ért
to suit jól áll vmi vkinek (stílusra)
run the household háztartást vezet
to match összeillik
share the housework megosztani a
házimunkát to go with megy vmvel
split the housework felosztja a házimunkát Idioms Kifejezések
the lion’s share oroszlánrész to be dressed to kill hódításhoz öltözött
time-consuming időigényes wear the trousers hordja a nadrágot
fits sb like a glove mintha ráöntötték volna
Clothing and fashion Ruházat és divat in one’s shoes valaki helyében
Fashion and style Divat és stílus
(un)fashionable (nem)divatos Clothes Ruházat
baggy bő
anorak anorák
casual mindennapi
blazer blézer
catwalk kifutó
blouse blúz
chic elegáns, sikkes, ízléses
dressing gown, köntös
conservative konzervatív bath robe (NAmE)
dress for the occasion alkalomhoz illően öltözik dungarees , munkaruha
eccentric különc overalls (NAmE)

extravagant különc, furcsa evening/cocktail dress estélyi/koktél ruha

fad divathóbort, szeszély flared/ straight trapéz/egyenes

fashion house divatház trousers szárú nadrág

fashion show divatbemutató fur coat szőrme kabát, bunda

fashion victim divat rabja jumper/ sweater pulóver

fashion designer divattervező long/ short hosszú / rövid ujjú póló

sleeved T-shirt
formal alkalmi
waistcoat / vest mellény (öltönyhöz)
keep up with lépést tart vk/vm-vel
Accessories Kiegészítők
the latest fashion a legújabb divat
anklet bokalánc
name-brand márkás áru
bangle karperec
plain egyszerű
belt öv
prestigious tekintélyes,
nagy presztízzsel bíró bow tie csokornyakkendő

59
bracelet karkötő Materials Szövet, anyag
braces /suspenders nadrágtartó corduroy kordbársony
brooch melltű cotton pamut
costume jewellery bizsu, divatékszer fur szőrme, prém
cuffs mandzsetta leather bőr
gloves kesztyű linen vászon
handbag kézitáska, retikül polyester poliészter
headband hajpánt silk selyem
scarf sál velvet bársony
shawl kendő wool gyapjú
tie nyakkendő Patterns Mintázat
checked, checkered kockás
Underclothes Fehérnemű dotted apró pöttyös
boxer shorts/briefs bokszeralsó floral virág mintás
bra melltartó plain egyszínű, sima
briefs / underpants alsónadrág polka-dotted pettyes
corset fűző spotted foltos, pettyes
knickers/panties bugyi (női) striped csíkos
slip kombiné tartan skótmintás
stockings harisnya (combfix)
tights / pantyhose harisnyanadrág Cosmetics Kozmetikai cikkek
thong tanga bugyi lipstick rúzs
trunks testhez álló férfi alsónadrág eyeliner szemceruza
vest trikó powder púder
mascara szempillaspirál
Footwear Lábbeli eyeshadow szemhéjfesték
flip-flops strandpapucs nail polish körömlakk
boots csizma, bakancs cosmetic bagpipere táska
clogs klumpa foundation alapozó
high-heeled shoes magas sarkú cipő make-up smink
jack-boots lovaglócsizma lip gloss szájfény
leather shoes bőrcipő facial cream arckrém
platform shoes magastalpú cipő blush/blusher arcpirosító
plimsolls,canvas shoes vászoncipő, tornacipő compact púdertartó
sandals szandál eyebrow pencil szemöldök ceruza
slippers papucs toner arctonik
trainers/sneakers edzőcipő powder puff púderpamacs
wellingtons, gumicsizma body lotion testápoló
rubber boots
face mask arcmaszk
60
 Types of families Családok fajtái
Unit 2
Family – Család close-knit family összetartó család
dysfunctional family veszekedős család
Relatives Rokonok
extended family kiterjedt család
aunt nagynéni immediate family közvetlen család
brother-in-law sógor nuclear family szűk család
cousin unokatestvér single-parent, csonka család
daughter-in-law meny one-parent family
father-in-law após
foster mother/father nevelőanya/apa Feelings Érzések
grandchild unoka Positive Kellemes
granddaughter/son lány/fiú unoka admire bámulatot,csodálatot
grandfather nagypapa érez valaki iránt

grandmother nagymama close to sb közel áll vkhez

grandparents nagyszülők fond of szeret/kedvel vkt

great-aunt/ uncle nagynéni, nagybácsi idolise bálványoz, körülrajong

(szülőé) look up to sb felnéz vk-re
great-grandmother dédanya respect tisztel vkt
great-grandfather dédapa worship imád
great-great- ükapa Negative Kellemetlen
grandfather
can’t stand sb ki nem állhat vkt
great-great- ükanya
grandmother despise lenéz, semmibe vesz

great-nephew unokaöcs fall out with sb összerúgja a port vkvel

(unokahúg/unokaöcs fia) fed up with sb/sth elege van vmből,
great-niece unokahúg torkig van vkvel, vmvel
(unokahúg/unokaöcs loathe utál, megvet, gyűlöl
leánya)
half-brother/sister féltestvér (férfi/nő)
Relationships Kapcsolatok
in-laws házasság útján
szerezett rokonok acquaintance ismerős
mother-in-law anyós best friend legjobb barát
nephew unokaöcs blind date vak randi
niece unokahúg classmate osztálytárs
sibling testvér colleague munkatárs, kolléga
sister-in-law sógornő enemy ellenség
son-in-law vő ex-girlfriend ex barátnő
stepmother mostohaanya flatmate lakótárs
stepfather mostohaapa inseparable elválaszthatatlan
stepsister/brother mostohanővér/fivér kindred spirit rokonlelkek

uncle nagybácsi love at first sight szerelem első látásra

make it up with sb kibékül vkvel,
61
 helyreállítja a jó viszonyt proclaim them férjnek és feleségnek
husband and wife nyilvánítja őket
split up szakít
proposal házassági ajánlat
talk about somebody kibeszél valakit propose megkéri vk kezét
behind one’s back a háta mögött
prenuptial agreement házassági szerződés
reception esküvői fogadás
there are plenty Sok hal van még a
ring bearer gyűrű hordozó
more fish in the sea tengerben (más nő/
férfi is van a világon) spinster vénlány
to come into conflict konfliktusba keveredik stag party/night, legénybúcsú
bachelor party
ups and downs hullám hegyek,
hullám völgyek tie the knot összeházasodik
toast pohárköszöntő
Marriage Házasság train uszály (ruhán)
altar oltár veil fátyol
assembled összegyűlt (emberek) wedding dress esküvői ruha
bachelor agglegény wedding march nászinduló
best man vőfély white wedding templomi esküvő
bouquet virágcsokor witness tanú
bride, fiancée menyasszony
bridegroom vőlegény Divorce Válás
bridesmaid noszolyólány addictions függőségek
ceremony szertartás adultery házasságtörés
civil ceremony polgári szertartás alimony tartásdíj
confetti konfetti all hell brakes loose elszabadul a pokol
conduct the ceremony levezeti a szertartást broken home felbomlott család
commitment elkötelezettség contact láthatás
cushion (dísz)párna custody szülői felügyeleti jog
engagement ring eljegyzési gyűrű dead end zsákutca, vakvágány
exchange vows fogadalmat tesztnek divorce proceedings válóper
egymásnak
domestic violence családon belüli
fortune hunter hozományvadász bántalmazás
(gold digger)
drift apart eltávolodik egymástól
flower girl koszorúslány
encounter szembekerül,
hen party/night, leánybúcsú szembe találja magát
bachelorette party
establish a kapcsolatot létesít
honeymoon nászút relationship
institution of marriage a házasság intézménye fall out of love kiszeret vkből
newlyweds ifjú házasok with sb
objection ellenvetés, kifogás false hopes hamis remények
organist orgonista in favour of érdekében, javára
pop the question megkéri vk kezét indifferent közömbös
62
intolerable tűrhetetlen, kibírhatatlan grounding helyhez kötött fogság
lack of kommunikáció hiánya immerse belemélyed, elmerül
communication
lenient elnéző
legal procedure jogi eljárás
low self-esteem alacsony önbecsülés
long-lasting hosszan tartó
moral values erkölcsi értékek
emotional damage érzelmi sérülés
obedience engedelmesség,
marital problems házassági problémák szófogadás
marriage counsellor házassági tanácsadó obedient engedelmes, szófogadó
prenuptial agreement házassági szerződés obey engedelmeskedik,
szót fogad
quarrel veszekedés
outlook szemléletmód
reach an agreement megállapodásra jut
praise dicsér
residency lakhely
punish megbüntet
resolve megold
punishment büntetés
unrealistic megalapozatlan
role model példakép
expectations elvárások
scolding szidás, dorgálás
well-off gazdag
smack pofon
Generations living Nemzedékek spank elfenekel
under one roof egy fedél alatt
spanking elfenekelés
a host of sok, egy csomó spare the rod nem használ pálcát
anticipate előre lát spoilt elkényeztetett
credit crunch hitelmegszorítás time-out büntetéssel eltöltött idő
isolated elszigetelt (meghatározott helyen)
lack of money pénzhiány to tell sb off leszid vkt
parental house szülői ház verbal agreement szóbeli megegyezés
privacy egyedüllét,lakáson belüli withdrawal of zsebpénz megvonás
elkülönülés lehetősége pocket money
put pressure on sb nyomást gyakorol vkre
quality of life életminőség Holidays and family Ünnepek és családi
gatherings összejövetelek
schedule ütemezés, ütemterv
New Year’s Eve Szilveszter
wipe out kimerít
calendar naptár
Children and their Gyermeknevelés clink koccint
upbringing
countdown visszaszámolás
compliant előzékeny, készséges fireworks tűzijáték
conduct magatartás midnight éjfél
consistent következetes resolution fogadalom
day out kimenő, szórakozással toast to sb/sth (fel)köszönt vkt/vmt
eltöltött nap
discipline fegyelem, nevelés
Easter Húsvét
exert alkalmaz, gyakorol

63
bunny nyuszi declaration bejelentés, kihirdetés
chimes harangjáték maypole májusfa
crucifixion keresztre feszítés Whitsun / Pentecost pünkösd
drag vonszol May Day május elseje
fast böjt Thanksgiving hálaadás
Lent nagyböjt wedding anniversary házassági évforduló
pail vödör commemorate megünnepel,
megemlékezik valamiről
pour önt
resurrection feltámadás
Unit 3
sprinkle meglocsol Work and education
tomb sír
Types of schools Iskolafajták
well kút
boarding school bentlakásos iskola
co-educational school koedukált iskola
Christmas Karácsony
day nursery, bölcsőde
bauble karácsonyi gömb dísz day care, crèche
Boxing day karácsony másnapja high school (NAmE) középiskola
chimney kémény infant school óvoda
Christmas carol karácsonyi ének (in Britain)
kindergarten,
Christmas Eve karácsony estéje nursery school
crib jászol private school, nem állami iskola,
decoration díszítés independent school, magániskola
fee-paying school
depict ábrázol
public school magániskola
fir tree erdei fenyő (in England)
gift ajándék secondary school középiskola
gingerbread mézeskalács secondary gimnázium
holly magyal grammar school
mistletoe fagyöngy secondary szakközépiskola
technical school
nativity play betlehemezés,
betlehemes játék single-sex school nem koedukált
(egynemű) iskola
pine tree fenyőfa
state school, állami iskola
reindeer rénszarvas public school ,
sleigh szánkó maintained school (NAmE)
sparkle csillagszóró vocational/ szakiskola,
tinsel ezüst díszítőszalag trade school szakmunkásképző
karácsonyfára
Teachers and Tanárok és diákok
Other words Egyéb szavak students

church service istentisztelet candidate/examinee vizsgázó

procession menet, felvonulás classmate osztálytárs
repress elnyom dean dékán
64
examiner vizsgáztató mathematics matematika
form teacher, osztályfőnök music zene
homeroom teacher (NAmE)
optional subjects választható tárgyak
graduate diplomás
physical education testnevelés
instructor oktató, tanító
physics fizika
learner/ tanuló/
religious education hittan
student driver, tanuló vezető
science subjects reál tárgyak
lecturer egyetemi/főiskola előadó
principal, igazgató Higher education Felsőoktatás
head teacher
acclimatize alkalmazkodik
professor egyetemi/főiskola tanár,
professzor attendance részvétel

pupil iskolás gyerek continuous folyamatos számonkérés

assessment
staff tanári kar
correspondence levelezős kurzus,
tutor magántanár course/student levelezős hallgató
degree diploma
Idioms Kifejezések
department tanszék
copycat írásbeli dolgozatot
diploma diploma (az oklevél)
puskázó diák,
vkt utánzó személy exam(ination) period vizsgaidőszak
learn by rote bemagol exchange programme csereprogram
learn something kívülről, fejből faculty kar
by heart megtanul vmt gown talár
teach someone megleckéztet, graduation ceremony diplomaosztó
a lesson móresre tanít vkt
semester tanulmányi félév
the teacher’s pet a tanár kedvence (szemeszter)
seminar szeminárium
Subjects Tantárgyak thesis egyetemi diploma munka
art subjects humán tárgyak
biology biológia Other words Egyéb szavak
chemistry kémia, vegytan admission felvétel
citizenship, civics(NAmE) állampolgári ismeretek assist segít, támogat
computer science informatika bright okos, gyors felfogású
core subjects a fő tantárgyak calculation számolás
foreign languages idegen nyelvek certificate bizonyítvány, igazolás
geography földrajz curriculum tanmenet
grammar nyelvtan dormitory / hostel kollégium
literature irodalom dress codes öltözködési szabályok
history történelem
information and információs és educational iskolai követelmények
requirements
communication kommunikáció technology
technológiák educational standard oktatás színvonala
65
educational system oktatási rendszer assembly-line worker szerelő/szalagmunkás
expertise szakértelem bouncer kidobó ember
flourishing virágzó, jól menő caretaker házmester, gondnok
full-time student nappali tagozatos diák chimney sweeper kéményseprő
General Certificate érettségi clerk hivatalnok
of Secondary
conductor kalauz
Education (GCSE)
estate agent, ingatlanügynök
gift for something tehetség vm-hez
real estate agent
hopeless reménytelen
freelancer szabadúszó
junior section alsó tagozat
garbage collector szemetes
lag behind lemarad, nem tud
information számítógépes szakember
lépést tartani vkvel
technologist
obligation kötelezettség
interpreter tolmács
pare down lefarag, csökkent
juggler zsonglőr
play truant, lóg az iskolából
kindergarten teacher óvónő
play hooky
lifeguard életmentő, úszómester
postgraduate student egyetemi továbbképző
tanfolyam hallgatója locksmith lakatos
pl. PhD, másoddiplomás logistics manager logisztikus
senior section felső tagozat mechanical engineer gépészmérnök
session edzés, ülés miner bányász
swotting, cramming magolás private eye, magánnyomozó
tertiary/higher felsőoktatás private detective
education secretary titkár, titkárnő
to be absent hiányzik social worker szociális munkás
truancy lógás, iskolakerülés stockbroker tőzsdeügynök
tuition fee tandíj traffic warden közterület felügyelő
undergraduate egyetemi hallgató undertaker, temetkezési vállalkozó
student funeral director
woodworker, joiner asztalos
Classification of jobs Munkák besorolása
blue-collar worker fizikai munkás
Personal qualities Egyéni képességek
white-collar worker szellemi munkás
accuracy pontosság, precizitás
skilled worker szakmunkás,
szakképzett munkás assertiveness öntudatosság,
magabiztosság
unskilled szakképzetlen fizikai
munkás, segédmunkás cheerfulness vidámság, jókedv
pink-collar worker női munkát végző competitiveness versenyszellem
profession hivatás courage bátorság
manual worker fizikai munkás dedication elhivatottság
Some trades and Néhány szakma determination eltökéltség,határozottság
professions és hivatás flexibility rugalmasság
accountant könyvelő good jó kommunikációs
66
communication skills képességek complete one’s work elkészül a munkával
intelligence értelem, felfogóképesség demanding job megerőltető munka
patience türelem job advertisement álláshirdetés
persistence kitartás job centre munkaügyi központ
physical strength fizikai erő job description munkaköri leírás
power of persuasion meggyőző erő job satisfaction munkával való
megelégedettség
quick-thinking gyors felfogóképesség
job title munkakör megnevezése
offer someone a job munkát ajánl
Payment, Fizetés
Compensation one’s career takes off elindul a karrierje
a well-paid job jól fizető állás permanent/ állandó/ideiglenes munka
temporary job
badly/poorly paid rosszul fizetett
ruin someone’s career lerombolja/
base-pay alapfizetés tönkreteszi a karrierjét
benefit juttatás steady job biztos munka
bonus pótlék, jutalom, workaholic munkamániás
prémium
workhorse igásló
commission jutalék
workload munkabírás
earn money pénzt keres
workmate, colleague munkatárs
fee honorárium, díj
fringe benefits, perks munkabéren felüli
juttatás Other words Egyéb szavak
gross bruttó appreciate méltányol, nagyra becsül,
értékel
income bevétel, jövedelem
between jobs, munkanélküli
net nettó
unemployed
overtime pay túlórapénz
bootlicker, talpnyaló
pay fizetés, bér brown noser
pay rise, raise fizetésemelés dead-end további fejlődést
remuneration díjazás kizáró, reményekkel
nem kecsegtető
salary fizetés
do overtime túlórázik
shift differential pay műszakpótlék
duck one’s head lehorgasztja a fejét
starting salary kezdő fizetés
financial difficulties anyagi nehézségek
tip borravaló
full-time job teljes munkaidő
underpaid alulfizetet
hard work a kemény munka
wage munkabér
bears fruit meghozza a gyümölcsét
lunch voucher ebédjegy
Job, work, career Állás, munka, karrier
membership tagság
a promising career ígéretes karrier
momentary insanity pillanatnyi elmezavar
apply for a job állást megpályáz
monotonous monoton, egyhangú
at the peak of karrierje csúcsán
part-time job részmunkaidő
one’s career
prospects for előrelépési lehetőségek
67
promotion social and financial társadalmi és
recognition of a teljesítmény elismerése background pénzügyi háttér
achievement
talent tehetség
resign, quit felmond
team spirit csapatszellem
responsibility felelősség
reward jutalom
Job Hunting Álláskeresés
rewarding kifizetődő
candidate pályázó
start one’s own saját vállalkozást indít
business CV (curriculum vitae), önéletrajz
resumé
subsidised meals étkezési hozzájárulás
do research kutatás végez
suck up (to sb) nyal valakinek
job advert/ álláshirdetés
the dole, munkanélküli segély advertisement
unemployment
benefits job fair állásbörze

to be appointed kinevezik meet deadlines tartja a határidőket

to be given the kirúgják az állásából nervousness idegesség

sack, fired recruitment/ állásközvetítő iroda,
to be involved belevonnak a employment agency, fejvadászcég
in decision-making döntéshozatalba headhunter

to be made redundant létszámfölöttivé válik, rehearse próbál

leépítik seize the megragadja a
to be paid by óradíjban van fizetve opportunity lehetőséget
the hour
unemployment rate munkanélküliségi ráta
Unit 4
vacancy üresedés Place of living
working conditions munkakörülmények
Homes and Housing Otthon és lakás
working relationship munkakapcsolat Types of Homes Lakásfajták
bedsitter, garzonlakás (egyszobás)
Career prospects Életpálya kilátásai studio flat, bachelor garzonlakás
adaptability alkalmazkodó képesség apartment (NAmE)

ambition ambíció, nagyravágyás bungalow földszintes ház

attractive appearance vonzó külső block of flats, tömbház
apartment building (NAmE)
career counsellor karrier tanácsadó
caravan, lakókocsi
flexibility rugalmasság mobile home (NAmE)
foresight előrelátás castle kastély
influential befolyásos ismerősök cottage vidéki/falusi ház,
acquaintance víkendház
internship szakmai gyakorlat council flat/house önkormányzati lakás/
keep track of nyomon követ ház, közösségi bérház
problem-solving probléma megoldó detached house családi ház
abilities képesség farmhouse tanyaház
set aside félretesz flat, apartment lakás
68
houseboat lakóhajó dressing table, öltözőasztal
vanity (NAmE)
mansion kúria
penthouse tetőtéri lakás, flower stand virágállvány
felhőkarcoló ill. kitchen cupboard konyhaszekrény
akótömb tetején lévő
laundry basket szennyestartó kosár
luxus lakás
pedestal mat vécészőnyeg, vécéelőke
semi-detached ikerház
rug kis szőnyeg
skyscraper felhőkarcoló
rocking chair hintaszék
terraced house, sorház
townhouse (NAmE) shower cabinet zuhanykabin
villa villa standard lamp, álló lámpa
floor lamp
tablecloth asztalterítő
Places in the home Helységek
towel rack törölköző tartó
attic / loft padlás, tetőtér
wardrobe ruhaszekrény, gardrób
basement alagsor, szuterén
washbasin mosdókagyló
cellar pince
cushion párna
hall előszoba
coffee table dohányzóasztal
pantry or larder éléskamra, spejz
double bed franciaágy
patio or terrace terasz
bunk bed emeletes ágy
porch fedett veranda
shed kerti fészer, pajta
Other words Egyéb szavak
storeroom tárolóhelyiség
basic egyszerű
study dolgozó, tanulószoba
common közös költség
utility room kommunális helység
charges/fees
(pl. mosókonyha)
cosy lakályos, barátságos
cramped, poky szűkös
Furniture and home Bútorok és
accessories lakásfelszerelések crowded zsúfolt, tömött
bathtub fürdőkád economical gazdaságos
bedside table, éjjeli szekrény homely otthonias, családias
nightstand (NAmE) isolated elszigetelt
bread bin kenyértartó lack of privacy magánélet hiánya
cabinet üvegszekrény, tároló lack of space helyhiány
chest of drawers, komód, fiókos szekrény mod cons összkomfortos
dresser (NAmE)
maintain fenntart, karbantart
coat rack fogas
modest szerény
cooker, stove tűzhely
obsolete elavult
couch, sofa, settee heverő, dívány, kanapé
pleasant surrounding kellemes környék
cupboard szekrény, faliszekrény
roomy kényelmes
curtain függöny
rural vidéki, falusi
doormat lábtörlő
spacious tágas
69
squalid nyomorúságos, koszos tree-lined fasorral szegélyezett
suburban külvárosi, elővárosi unsightly csúnya látványt nyújtó
urban városi unspoilt nature háborítatlan természet

The place Lakóhelyed

Future homes A jövő lakásai
where you live
front door bejárati ajtó
avenue sugárút, fákkal
szegélyezett sétány storey, floor emelet, szint
breathtaking view lélegzetelállító látvány overlook vm-re néz (ablak)
cityscape városkép hustle and bustle sürgés-forgás, zsivaj
cobbled macskakövezett (út, utca) picturesque view festői táj
craftsman kézműves, iparos hydro-massage hidromasszázs zuhanyzó
shower
dense forest sűrű erdő
ceiling mennyezet
ecclesiastical egyházi
staircase lépcsőház, lépcsőfeljáró
erect épít, emel (épületet)
fish tank, aquarium akvárium
fast-flowing river gyorsfolyású folyó
transparent átlátszó
foothill hegyláb
sauna szauna
foyer előcsarnok
orchard gyümölcsös kert
golden sand aranypart
Jacuzzi dzsakuzzi
high-rise building sok emeletes lakás
kitchen island konyhai pult
imposing building impozáns, lenyűgöző épület
(a konyha közepén)
impressive sights lenyűgöző látnivalók
fade out elhalkul
inner city belváros
brew főz (teát, kávét)
lively élénk, eleven
hog elfoglal, kisajátít
open field nyílt mező
confirm megerősít
open fireplace hagyományos kandalló
command parancs
pavement café kávéházi terasz,
keep an eye on rajta tartja a szemét,
teraszos kávéház
sb/sg szemmel tart
quaint érdekes, eredeti
remains maradványok (épületé)
Cities, towns and Nagyvárosok,
rocky mountains sziklás hegység the countryside kisvárosok és a vidék
ruin rom pollution szennyezés
sacred szent(séges) commuting ingázás
skylight tetőablak congestion forgalmi torlódás
skyline város sziluett, closeness to nature a természet közelsége
kontúrvonal
(városé, épületé) high crime rate magas bűnözési arány
amenities kényelem, komfort
snow-capped peak hófedte, hóborította agricultural area mezőgazdasági vidék
hegycsúcs
industrial area ipari vidék
stream patak, csermely
vandalism vandalizmus,
treasury kincstár
70
 értelmetlen pusztítás credit/loan hitelkérvény
application
slum nyomornegyed
mortgage jelzáloghitel (ingatlanra)
homelessness hajléktalanság
outweigh többet nyom a latba,
overcrowding túlzsúfoltság
lényegesebb
incessant roar a járművek szüntelen
piggy bank malacpersely
of vehicles zúgása
processing feldolgozás
traffic jam forgalmi dugó
repay visszafizet
roaring búgó (motor)
student loan diákhitel
time span időtartam
Renting or buying Ingatlan vásárlás
verify megerősít, ellenőriz
a property és bérlés
Sights of Budapest Budapest nevezetességei
budget költségvetés
the Hungarian Magyar Nemzeti Galéria
deposit előleg, foglaló
National Gallery
enclosed elkerített, zárt
Heroes’ Square Hősök tere
fully-equipped teljesen felszerelt
the City Park Városliget
fully-furnished bútorozott
the National Museum Nemzeti Múzeum
green belt zöldövezet
the baths a fürdők
handy for the shops, könnyen elérhetőek
the Museum Szépművészeti Múzeum
shops close-by a boltok
of Fine Arts
landlord háziúr, házigazda
Chain Bridge Lánchíd
laundry mosoda
Elizabeth Bridge Erzsébet híd
location elhelyezkedés
Margaret Bridge Margit híd
modern decor modern stílusú
Liberty Bridge Szabadság híd
neutral decor semleges stílus
the Castle District Várnegyed
obligation kötelezettség
Castle Hill Vár
maintenance cost üzemeltetési költség
Fishermen’s Bastion Halászbástya
the suburbs külváros
The Royal Palace Királyi Palota
tenancy agreement bérleti szerződés
Matthias Church Mátyás-templom
do research kutatást végez
funicular railway Sikló vasút
utility bills közüzemi számlák
Gellért Hill Gellért hegy
yard udvar,kert
the Citadel Citadella
Watertown Viziváros
Getting a loan Kölcsönfelvétel
the Tunnel Az Alagút
assess értékel, elbírál Leopold Town Lipótváros
debt adósság the Hungarian Országház
down payment kezdő részlet Parliament
interest rate kamatláb
Unit 5
invest befektet
Shopping
lender kölcsönző
loan kölcsön
71
 blackberry szeder
Meat/Fish Hús/Hal
blackcurrant fekete ribizli
beef marhahús blueberry áfonya
carp ponty cantaloupe, sárgadinnye
cod tőkehal honeydew melon
game vadhús coconut kókuszdió
ham sonka cranberry vörös áfonya
lobster homár date datolya
minced meat vagdalt hús fig füge
mutton birkahús grapes szőlő
pork sertéshús peach őszibarack
poultry baromfi pear körte
trout pisztráng pineapple ananász
turkey pulyka plum szilva
veal borjúhús raisin mazsola
raspberry málna
Vegetables Zöldségek redcurrant ribizli
aubergine, padlizsán sour cherry meggy
eggplant (NAmE) strawberry eper
beetroot, cékla tangerine mandarin
beets (NAmE)
watermelon görögdinnye
broccoli brokkoli
Brussels sprouts kelbimbó
Dairy products Tejtermékek
cabbage káposzta
cottage cheese túró
cauliflower karfiol
sour cream tejföl
celery zeller
whipped cream tejszínhab
corn on the cob csöves kukorica
yoghurt joghurt
garlic fokhagyma
green beans zöldbab
Other groceries Egyéb élelmiszerárú
kohlrabi karalábé
cereal gabonapehely
leek póréhagyma
cornflakes kukoricapehely
mushroom gomba
sugar cube kockacukor
parsley petrezselyem
hard liquor, rövid ital
peas borsó spirits, shot (informal)
radish retek mayonnaise majonéz
sorrel sóska muesli müzli
spinach spenót mustard mustár
pickled onions ecetes hagyma
Fruits Gyümölcsök preserved fruit befőtt
apricot sárgabarack roll, bun zsemle
72
vinegar ecet wooden spoon fakanál
almond mandula wrapping paper csomagolópapír

Shops Boltok Other words Egyéb szavak

baker’s/Bakery pékség aisle folyosó
butcher’s/ hentes üzlet around the clock éjjel-nappal
Butcher shop
barter csereüzlet
electrical műszaki bolt
bargain alkalmi vétel
appliances shop
bazaar bazár
haberdashery rövidárú kereskedés
brand márka
hardware shop vas- és fémárú bolt
by the handful marokszámra
jeweller’s, ékszerész üzlet
Jewellery shop cashier pénztáros
kitchenware shop konyhai felszerelések come in handy kapóra jön
boltja compulsive kényszeres, megrögzött
ladies’/men’s női/férfi ruhabolt convenience food gyorsan elkészíthető étel
wear shop
discount árleszállítás
Chemist’s/ gyógyszertár, drogéria
pharmacy(NAmE) disorder rendellenesség
stationery shop papír-írószer bolt eccentric különc
greengrocer’s zöldséges expired lejárt szavatosságú
sweet shop édességbolt flea market bolhapiac
highbrow kifinomult
Goods Árucikkek in bulk nagy mennyiségben
blender turmixgép objectionable kifogásolható
blood/black-pudding véres hurka overboard túlzásba vitt
bonbon bonbon overflow túlcsordul
bracelet karkötő pleasant atmosphere kellemes légkör
broom seprű preoccupied with elmerül vm-ben
button gomb queuing sorban állás
cold cuts felvágottak reasonable prices elfogadható árak
electric kettle vízforraló receipt nyugta
engagement ring eljegyzési gyűrű relieves the tension kiengedi a feszültséget
gummy candy gumicukor retailer kiskereskedő
lock zár, lakat ripe érett
needle and thread tű és cérna rotten rohadt
painkiller fájdalomcsillapító seasonal sales szezonális kiárusítás
plaster sebtapasz second-hand használt
salt and pepper mills só és bors szóró shop window kirakat
stove tűzhely shopaholic vásárlási manias/
boltkoros
string of beads gyöngysor
73
shopping spree költekező út plumber vízvezeték szerelő
smallholder mezőgazdasági shoe heel cipősarok
kiskereskedő
shoemaker cipész
stall árusító bódé
sole talp
temptation kísértés
watchmaker órás
till kassza
to be on display ki van állítva
Banking services Banki szolgáltatások
trolley kerekes kosár
asset vagyontárgy
under one roof egy fedél alatt
automated teller bank automata
unwind lazít machine (ATM)
urge ösztönzés, kényszer clientele ügyfelek, vevőkör
utopia utópia credit card hitelkártya
value érték current account bankszámla
wholesaler nagykereskedő (checking account (NAmE))

window shopping kirakat nézegetés current balance folyószámla egyenleg

debit tartozik

Services Szolgáltatások deposit betesz pénzt

insert your card behelyezni a kártyát
barber borbély
instalments részletfizetés
beautician kozmetikus
insured biztosított
develop a photo előhív egy képet
interest rate kamatláb
dressmaker varrónő, szabónő
mortgage jelzálogteher
dripping tap csöpögő csap
refill újratölt
dry cleaner ruhatisztító
related services kapcsolódó
dyed hair festett haj
szolgáltatások
electrician villanyszerelő
savings account megtakarítási számla
eyebrow plucking szemöldök kiszedés
withdraw cash pénzt vesz ki
hairdresser fodrász
have a shave megborotváltatja magát
Postal services Postai szolgáltatások
have stains removed pecsétet, foltot eltávolíttat
addressee címzett
have eyelash tinting szempilla festés
sender feladó
have one’s daueroltat
hair permed bubble-pack buborék boríték
envelope
home appliance háztartási gépszerelő
repairer cardboard box kartonpapír doboz

masseur masszőr delivery szállítás

car mechanic autószerelő envelope boríték

MOT test Műszaki vizsga fold (össze)hajt

(Ministry of Transport) item darab, árucikk, tétel
optician’s látszerész mail postaszállítmány
photographer fényképész mailbox postaláda

74
postal code/ irányítószám stresses and strains stressz és megterhelés
zip code
summon up összeszedi a bátorságot
recipient átvevő the courage
seal lezár, leragaszt threat fenyegetés
(levelet)
warehouse (áru)raktár
standard parcel szabványos csomag
utility bills számlák
Unit 6
wrap becsomagol Health
fragile törékeny Ways of Ahogy az ételekről
describing food beszélünk
urgent sűrgős
greeting card dísztávirat bitter keserű

sympathy card gyásztávirat bland fűszerezetlen

priority elsőbbségi crunchy ropogós

insurance biztosítás fattening hizlaló

pay compensation kártérítést fizet hearty bőséges, kiadós

subscribe to vmre előfizet luscious lédús (gyümölcs),

zamatos
mouth-watering ínycsiklandozó
Customers’ complaints Vásárlói panaszok
savoury pikáns, jóízű
belongings holmi
skimpy szegényes
claim igény, követelés
slap-up pazar, remek
escalator mozgólépcső
sour savanyú
extended warranty kiterjesztett jótállás
spicy fűszeres
faulty hibás
stodgy nehéz
fulfil teljesít
substantial kiadós, tápláló
hub központ
succulent tápláló, zamatos
ignore figyelmen kívűl hagy
sugary édes, túlcukrozott
inspect nyomoz
sweet édes
keep a record of sth feljegyez
tasteless ízetlen
make a point hatásosan érvel
tasty ízletes
moan siránkozik, nyöszörög
yummy finom, pompás
negotiator tárgyaló fél
outcome végeredmény
Ways of cooking Főzési módok
prompt sb to do sth vmre késztet vkt
bake süt
purchase vásárlás (sütőben, kemencében)
refund visszafizetés, visszatérítés boil felforral, vízben főz
relief megkönnyebbülés crush szétmorzsol
replacement csere fry süt (olajban, stb)
response válasz grill roston süt
shattered összetört heat up felmelegít
stand a chance esélye van
75
mash péppé zúz boiled egg főtt tojás
roast sült, rostélyos Cabbage rolls, Töltött káposzta
Stuffed cabbage
simmer lassú tűzön párol,
Chestnut puree Gesztenyepüré
főz
Chicken Paprikash Paprikás csirke
Ways of preparing Elkészítés módja
food Cottage-cheese Túrós csusza
noodles
chop felvág, aprít
Crêpes Gundel style Gundel-palacsinta
drain lecsepegtet, leszűr
Dill gherkins, pickles Ecetes uborka
grate reszel
Fisherman’s soup Halászlé
melt megolvaszt
Floating islands Madártej
mix összekever
Fried chicken Rántott csirke
peel meghámoz
Fried dough, Lángos
pour önt, tölt Elephant ears
sauté hirtelen kisüt fried eggs tükörtojás
slice szeletel egg sunny side up
stir megkever Goulash soup Gulyásleves
Kitchen equipment Konyhafelszerelések Jókai Bean soup Jókai-bableves
bowl mélytányér pepper and Lecsó
tomato stew
cauldron üst
Plum dumplings Szilvás gombóc
colander szűrőedény
Poppy-seed strudel Mákos rétes
cutlery evőeszközök
Pork stew Disznópörkölt
frying-pan serpenyő
Potato noodles Krumplis tészta
grater reszelő
scrambled eggs tojásrántotta
ladle merőkanál
Somló sponge cake Somlói galuska
lemon squeezer citromfacsaró
Stewed green beans Zöldbabfőzelék
pot fazék
Walnut roll Diós bejgli
potato masher krumplinyomó
potato peeler krumpli hámozó
Other words Egyéb szavak
rolling pin sodrófa
caffeine koffein
saucepan lábas
cheap and nasty olcsó és rossz
scale mérleg
cocoa snail kakaós csiga
sieve szita, szűrő
cold cuts felvágottak
strainer szűrő
cuisine konyhaművészet
teaspoon kávéskanál
deep-fried bő zsírban sütött
wooden spoon fakanál
dessert édesség, desszert
Typical Hungarian Jellegzetes Magyar
dishes ételek Enjoy your meal! Jó étvágyat!
“Újházy” chicken Újházi húsleves filling töltelék
soup flavour íz, megízesít
Beef stew Marhapörkölt gravy mártás, húslé
76
have a sweet tooth édesszájú wholemeal bread teljes kiőrlésű kenyér
jumble összekuszál
junk food egészségtelen étel Illnesses and Betegségek és gyógymód
treatment
kipper, herring füstölt hering
lean on támaszkodik vmre/vkre
main course főfogás Idioms Kifejezések

mashed potatoes krumplipüré to be as right as rain kitűnő állapotban van

percolate kávéfőzőn készít kávét recharge one’s feltöltődik
batteries
pickled vegetables ecetes savanyúság
under the weather rosszul érzi magát
side dish köret
on the road to javulás útján van
sponge cake piskótatészta recovery (lábadozik)
starter előétel fit as a fiddle makkegészséges
stewed vegetables főzelék
takeaway food elvihető étel Symptoms Tünetek
aching muscles fájó izmok
A healthy diet Egészséges táplálkozás chest pain mellkasi fájdalom
a balanced diet kiegyensúlyozott étrend cough köhög
artificial additives mesterséges adalékanyag faint elájul
carbohydrates szénhidrát fatigue fáradtság
curb mérsékel feel dizzy szédül
deprive sb of sth megfoszt vkt vmtől feel queasy émelyeg a gyomra
eliminate kiküszöböl fever magas láz
E-numbers élelmiszeradalékok have a high/ magas/enyhe láza van
fibre rostanyag mild temperature
goodies nyalánkság, édesség have diarrhoea hasmenése van
in moderation mértékkel have high/ magas/alacsony
low blood pressure vérnyomása van
lard disznózsír
itchy throat kaparó torok
lean meat sovány hús
loss of appetite étvágytalanság
low-fat alacsony zsírtartalmú
nausea émelygés, hányinger
nutrient dense tápanyagban gazdag
pain in the joints izületi fájdalom
nutritionist, dietician élelmezési/táplálkozási
szakértő, dietetikus sharp/ stabbing pain éles/szúró fájdalom
organic food bioélelmiszer shivering hidegrázás
preservatives tartósítószer shortness of breath légszomj, légzési zavarok
processed feldolgozott sneeze tüsszent
protein fehérje sore throat torokfájás
refined grain finomított gabona stuffy nose elvan dugulva az orra
skimmed milk sovány tej sweating izzadás
starch keményítő throbbing/ lüktető/tompa fejfájás
dull pain in the head
77
to feel sick rosszul érzi magát, inflammation gyulladás
hányingere van
lose consciousness eszméletét veszti
to have a runny nose folyik az orra
nausea émelygés, hányinger
upset stomach gyomorrontás
numbness zsibbadtság
vomit/puke hány, okád
over-the-counter recept nélkül kapható
Illnesses Betegségek medications gyógyszerek
appendicitis vakbélgyulladás soothe a sore throat enyhíti a torokfájást
asthma asztma
rubella rózsahimlő At the doctor’s Az orvosnál
Types of doctors Orvosok
pneumonia tüdőgyulladás
anaesthetist/ altató orvos
tonsillitis mandulagyulladás
anesthesiologist
cancer rák
cardiologist szívspecialista,
mumps mumpsz szívszakorvos
obesity elhízás dentist fogorvos
chickenpox bárányhimlő dermatologist bőrgyógyász
diabetes cukorbetegség GP körzeti orvos
rheumatism reuma (General Practitioner)

stroke agyvérzés optician, optometrist látszerész, optikus

measles kanyaró paediatrician gyermekorvos

ulcer fekély plastic surgeon plasztikai sebész

tooth decay fogszuvasodás surgeon sebész

flu influenza veterinarian (vet) állatorvos

common cold meghűlés, megfázás

heart disease szívbaj At the dentist’s A fogorvosnál

migraine migrén amalgam/ amalgám/porcelán tömés

porcelain filling
heart attack szívroham
braces fogszabályozó
allergy allergia (orthodontic braces)
Other words Egyéb szavak crown korona
(blood) clot vérrög dental bridge híd
artery ütőér dental implant fog implantáció/
bring down a leviszi a lázat beültetés
temperature dental treatment fogorvosi kezelés
contagious fertőző denture műfogsor
dehydration kiszáradás gum fogíny
dizziness szédülés removal, extraction eltávolítás, kihúzás
eliminate kizár, kirekeszt root canal treatment gyökérkezelés
fatigue fáradtság, kimerültség sensitive teeth érzékeny fogak
fluid folyadék take out, pull out eltávolít (fogat)
glands mandula to drill kifúr
infection fertőzés
78
to fill betöm (Accident and Emergency)
tooth decay, cavity fogszuvasodás intensive care intenzív osztály
tooth whitening fogfehérítés internal medicine belgyógyászat
wisdom tooth bölcsességfog urology urológia
Other words Egyéb szavak psychiatry elmeosztály, pszichiátria
antifebrile lázcsillapító cardiology kardiológia
appointment (előzetes) bejelentés, oncology onkológia
időpont dermatology bőrgyógyászat
check-up kivizsgálás obstetrics szülészet
consulting room/ rendelő paediatrics gyerekosztály
surgery, doctor’s office
gynaecology nőgyógyászat
contact lenses kontaktlencse
ear-nose-throat fül-orr-gégészet
cure meggyógyít, kúra
diagnose kórt megállapít,
diagnosztizál Other words Egyéb szavak
epidemic járvány patient páciens, beteg
examine megvizsgál mask (védő)maszk
facelift arcfelvarrás scalpel szike
health card egészségbiztosítás kártya operating gown műtős ruha,
műtőköpeny
inflamed gyulladt
carry out végrehajt
liposuction zsírleszívás
operation table műtő asztal
mole anyajegy, szemölcs
surgeon sebész
painkiller fájdalomcsillapító
operating műtő terem
prescribe kezelést ír elő,
theatre/room
receptet ír fel
ward (korházi) osztály
recovery felépülés
gratitude money hálapénz
sick certificate, orvosi igazolás
doctor’s note outpatient járó beteg
stethoscope sztetoszkóp referral beutaló
swollen dagadt, duzzadt Health Insurance Országos
Fund egészségbiztosítási
take one’s megméri a lázát
pénztár (OEP)
temperature
mandatory kötelező
the picture of megtestesült egészség contribution hozzájárulás
good health life expectancy valószínű élettartalom
thermometer lázmérő lag behind hátul kullog, lemarad
to put sb on betegállományba vesz recovery room lábadozó szoba
the sick list

Alternative Medicine Alternatív gyógyászat

At the hospital Korházban
acupuncture akupunktúra
Hospital departments Korházi osztályok
anxiety szorongás, nyugtalanság
A&E sürgősségi osztály
79
aromatherapy illatterápia baseball baseball
breathing techniques légzési technikák basketball kosárlabda
complementary kiegészítő gyógyászat cricket krikett
medicine
football/soccer labdarúgás
traditional/ hagyományos gyógyászat
golf golf
conventional
(orthodox) medicine handball kézilabda
debate vita hockey jégkorong, hoki
emperor császár rugby rögbi
herbal medicine gyógynövény gyógyászat squash fallabda/squash
hocus-pocus hókusz-pókusz table tennis/ asztalitenisz/
ping-pong ping-pong
hypnosis hipnózis
tennis tenisz
insomnia álmatlanság
Motor sports Motorsportok
lethargy levertség, fásultság
massage masszás formula one forma egy

needle tű go-karting go-kart

osteopathy csontkovácsolás motocross motorkerékpáros

terepverseny
pioneer úttörő
motorboat racing gyorsasági motorcsónak
reflexology reflexológia verseny
scented oils illatos olajok off-road racing terepverseny
tissue szövet (emberi) rally rally
vitality életerő Water/Aquatic sports Vízi sportok
well-being jólét, egészség canoeing kenuzás
word of mouth élőszóval diving műugrás
rowing evezés
Unit 7 Sport sailing vitorlázás
Athletics Atlétika scuba diving búvárkodás
hammer/discus/ kalapács/diszkosz/ surfing szörfözés
javelin throw gerely hajítás swimming úszás
hurdling gátfutás snorkelling könnyűbúvárkodás
long-distance running hosszútávfutás water-skiing vízisí
marathon maratoni futás windsurfing (vitorlás)szörfözés
pole vault rúdugrás water polo vízilabda
relay váltófutás
shot-put súlylökés Winter sports Téli sportok
sprint sprint bobsleighing, bobozás
triple/high/long jump tripla/magas/távol ugrás bobsledding
walking gyaloglás curling curling (jégkoronghajítás)
Ball games Labdajátékok figure skating műkorcsolya

badminton tollaslabda skating korcsolyázás

80
ski jump síugrás goalpost kapufa
skiing síelés goggles (védő, motoros, sí..)
szemüveg
sledging, sledding szánkózás
head guard fejvédő
snowboarding hódeszkázás
hole lyuk
speed skating gyorskorcsolya
hook horog
line horgászzsineg
Other sports Egyéb sportok
mast árboc
aerobics aerobik
rein gyeplő
angling horgászás
rod horgászbot
archery íjászat
rope kötél
billiards billiárd
saddle nyereg
boating csónakázás
sail vitorla
bodybuilding testépítés
ski síléc
bowling teke
stick sípálca
cycling biciklizés
stirrup kengyelvas
fencing vívás
sword, sabre kard
gymnastics gimnasztika
weights súlyok
mountaineering hegymászás
poker póker
Playing areas Játéktér
rollerblading görkorcsolyázás
athletic track atlétikai versenypálya
skateboarding gördeszkázás
circuit auto-motor versenypálya
weightlifting súlyemelés
court tenisz, kosár, rögbi pálya
fairway golfpálya pázsitos része
Combat sports Küzdősportok
football pitch focipálya
boxing ökölvívás
green golfpálya, pázsit
judo judo
playing field sportpálya
karate karate
pool medence
kick-boxing kickbox
ring szorító
kung-fu kung-fu
rink fedett jégpálya
martial arts harcművészet
slope lejtő
sumo szumó
stadium stadion
wrestling birkózás

Rules of the game Játékszabályok

Equipment Felszerelés
attack támadás
arrow nyílvessző
backstroke hátúszás
barbell súlyzó
blow ütés
bow nyíl, íj
bout menet (ökölvívásban)
gloves kesztyű
breaststroke mellúszás
goal kapu
81
butterfly stroke pillangóúszás
centre circle kezdőkor More words Egyéb szavak
commit a fault hibát követ el, hibázik backhand fonák
defence védelem bat ütő
defender védő játékos bowl labdát dob (krikettben)
dribble cselez bring oneself to do sth ráveszi magát vm-re
free throw szabaddobás catch one’s fancy felkelti az érdeklődését
freestyle swimming gyorsúszás change one’s mind megváltoztatja a
gain control ellenőrzése alá vonja véleményét

goal kapu, gól cope with megbirkózik vm-vel

goalkeeper kapus crack repedés

half-time félidő descend leereszkedik

hoop/ring gyűrű (kosárlabdában) endurance kitartás

lifeguard életmentő fanatic rajongó, megszállott

midfield player középpályás fast-paced gyors iramú

net háló grass stain fűfolt (ruhán)

opponent ellenfél grunt morog

pass the ball labdát passzol hydrophobia víziszony

penalty area büntető terület incorporate belefoglal

permit megenged, engedélyez inherent danger benne rejlő veszély

racket tenisz ütő league liga

score (a goal) gólt rúg obesity elhízottság, hájasság

shoot a basket/hoop kosarat dob persistent kitartó

slippery csúszós physical strength testi erő

starting block rajtkő podium dobogó

striker támadójátékos posh-looking elegáns kinézetű

swimming cap úszósapka rely on sb/sth számít vk/vm-re

swimming instructor úszóedző shove taszít, tol

trip kigáncsol, elbuktat ski resort síparadicsom

slope lejtő

Idioms Kifejezések splash csobban, lubickol

stamina kitartás, állóképesség
lay your cards nyílt lapokkal játszik
on the table summit hegycsúcs
hit below the belt övön alul üt / team spirit csapatszellem
szabálytalanul küzd
teammate csapattárs
do something on a pillanat hevében
the hang of sth csínja-bínja vmnek
the spur of cselekszik
the moment thrill of victory győzelmi mámor
not in the same nincs egy súlycsoportban time-consuming időigényes
league to be keen on rajong vm-ért
play by the rules szabályok szerint játszik
82
tournament verseny, verseny sorozat archives archívum
vomit/throw up hány audio book hangos könyv
wicket krikett kapu autobiography önéletrajz
bookworm könyvmoly
Unit 8 bed-time story esti mese
Hobbies and Entertainment
biography életrajz
broaden one’s tágítja a látókört
Leisure activites Szabadidős tevékenységek horizons
angling horgászás comic képregény
available free time rendelkezésre álló compulsory kötelező
szabadidő dragon sárkány
challenge kihívás enchantment bűbáj, varázslat
collect coins érméket gyűjt fairy tündér
collect napkins szalvétákat gyűjt fairy tale tündérmese
collect stamps bélyegeket gyűjt gnome manó
companionship társaság goblin lidérc
creative alkotó hard-cover keménykötésű könyv
DIY (Do-It-Yourself) barkácsolás library catalogue könyvtári katalógus
excited izgatott database adatbázis
free time szabadidő light reading könnyű olvasmány
gardening kertészkedés memoirs emlékiratok
go fishing halászni megy obligatory kötelező
go for a walk sétálni megy outer space világűr
go hiking túrázik paperback puhafedelű könyv
indoor/ benti/szabadtéri poetry költészet
outdoor activities tevékenységek position testtartás, póz
keeping pets háziállatokat tart preview előzetes
leisure time szabadidő reluctance vonakodás
photography fényképezés resist the temptation ellenáll a kísértésnek
play board games társasozik romance romantikus történet
play cards kártyázni short story novella
play chess sakkozni smart okos
potholing (caving) barlangászat supernatural természetfeletti lények
creatures
relaxed ellazult
travel book útikönyv
risk taking rizikó vállalás
volume kötet
spare time szabadidő
war story háborús történet
watch sporting events sporteseményeket néz
whodunit detektívregény
witch boszorkány
Books/ E-books Könyvek/elektronikus
and the Internet könyvek és az Internet
83
Musical taste and Zene ízlés és zenei volume hangerő
music trends irányzatok
lyric dalszöveg
rollercoaster hullámvasút distort torzít
acclaim éljenezve üdvözöl orchestra zenekar
blast üvölt, harsog vivacious élénk
catchy tunes fülbemászó dallam stem from vhonnan ered/származik
chart eladási toplista impact hatás, befolyás
claim állít
collaborate együttműködik Musical Instruments Hangszerek
comeback visszatérés
accordion harmonika
curiosity kíváncsiság
bagpipes skót duda
debut album bemutatkozó album
cello cselló
dub elnevez
cymbal cintányér
ensure biztosít
bass nagybőgő
haunting melodies fülbemászó dallam
drum dob
headbanging fejrázás
flute fuvola
hit sláger
guitar gitár
induct ünnepélyesen beavat,
harmonica szájharmonika
bevezet
harp hárfa
live performance élő koncert
organ orgona
massive hit nagy siker
pan pipes pánsíp
memorable emlékezetes
saxophone szaxofon
music industry zeneipar
trumpet trombita
musical talent zenei hajlam, tehetség
violin hegedű
out of the ordinary szokatlan, rendkívüli
TV Watching TV nézés
piece of music zenedarab, szerzemény
talk show beszélgetős műsor
pop idol pop bálvány
comedy vígjáték
release a CD kiadni egy cd-t
commercial kereskedelmi reklám
retain megőriz, megtart
couch potato tv-mániás
soloist szólóénekes
current affairs aktuális események
single kislemez
programme műsora
staggering elképesztő, meghökkentő
dependency függőség
steel-toe army boots acélbetétes katonai
bakancs detective series detektív sorozat
stud szegecs documentary dokumentumfilm
take something bizonyosnak/ glamorous elbűvölő
for granted természetesnek vesz goggle-eyed meredt, kidülledt szemű
valamit
insipid unalmas
tone hangszín
keeps sb informed tájékoztat
upstaged hátérbe szorul
music programme zenei műsor
via keresztül
84
news broadcast híradó comedy komédia
news bulletin hírközlemény curtain call visszatapsolás
(a függöny elé)
out of control irányításán kívül van
duel párbaj
quarrel over sth veszekedik vmin
fall head over fülig szerelmes
quiz show vetélkedő műsor
heels in love
reality show valóságshow
foyer előcsarnok
serial sorozat (folytatásos
heart-stirring magával ragadó
történet)
hilarious nevetséges
series sorozat (minden rész új
történet, azonos historical play történelmi darab
főszereplőkkel)
horror horror
sitcom szituációs vígjáték
interval szünet
soap opera szappan opera
musical musical, zenés játék
sports programme sport műsor
opera opera
third-rate harmad osztályú, silány
orchestra zenekar
TV set tévékészülék
performance előadás
victim áldozat
play színdarab
viewer néző
plot cselekmény
vulnerable sebezhető
poster poszter
Films/Cinema/ Filmek/Mozi/Színház
prairie préri
Theatre
row sor
act felvonás
science fiction sci-fi
action akció
scream sikoly
action-packed akció dús
selection választék
admission belépés
sentimental érzelgős
adventure kaland
soundtrack filmzene
aisle folyosó
suffering szenvedés
animated animációs
swinging a lasso megpörgeti a lasszót
applause taps
tear-jerker könnyfacsaró
artificial intelligence mesterséges
intelligencia theatre-goer színházba járó
audience közönség thrill borzongás
auditorium nézőtér thriller thriller
blockbuster nagy siker torturing kínzás
blood vér tragedy tragédia
burlesque burleszk trailer film előzetes
burst out in laughter nevetésben tör ki usher jegyszedő
car chase autós üldözés violence erőszak
cast szereposztás western vadnyugati történet
circle erkély witty szellemes
cloakroom ruhatár amusing szórakoztató
85
appalling megdöbbentő tell the truth igazat mond
appealing tetszetős tell a lie hazudik
breathtaking lélegzetelállító speak one’s mind megmondja a véleményét,
kimondja amit gondol
compelling ellenállhatatlan,
lenyűgöző talk nonsense ostobaságokat mond
doomed kudarcra ítélt say a prayer imát mond
dreadful érdekfeszítő
dull unalmas Mobile Phones Mobiltelefonok
fantastic fantasztikus availability elérhetőség
fascinating lenyűgöző capable of (doing) sth képes valamire
fast-paced gyors tempójú disposable income rendelkezésre álló
gripping izgalmas bevétel

intricate tekervényes earpiece fülhallgató

likeable szeretetre méltó emergency call segélyhívás

melancholic búskomor expenditure kiadás

moving megható gadget eszköz, készülék

outstanding kiemelkedő gimmick ravasz fogás, trükk

overcomplicated túlságosan bonyolult hands-free kéz nélküli, szabad

kézi telefonálás
perspective nézőpont, perspektíva
health hazard egészségügyi kockázat
poorly written rosszul megírt
hectic mozgalmas
shallow felszínes
inexpensive olcsó
sorrowful szomorú
keep in touch with sb kapcsolatban marad
superb nagyszerű vk-vel
tedious egyhangú, unalmas purchase vásárol
touching megható quintuple megötszöröződik
tragic tragikus schedule időbeosztás
unique egyedi
unravelled kibogoz, megfejt Useful mobile Hasznos kifejezések
well-written jól megírt language mobiltelefonhoz

Unit 9 Bluetooth connection Bluetooth kapcsolat

Communication and the Media call key hívásgomb
Communication Kommunikáció check your voicemail felhívni a hangpostát
speak a second idegen nyelvet beszél charger telefontöltő
language
infrared connection infra kapcsolat
tell the time megmondja hogy
mennyi az idő internet connection internet kapcsolat

tell a story történetet mesél keypad billentyűzet

talk rubbish mindenfélét összelocsog, loudspeaker hangszóró

se füle se farka annak multimedia message multimédia üzenet (MMS)
amit mond
P(ersonal) PIN kód
tell a joke viccet mesél I(dentification) N(umber)
86
P(ersonal) PUK kód suicide öngyilkosság
U(nblocking) K(ey)
valid érvényes
power button be/ki kapcsoló gomb
join csatlakozik
ringtone csengőhang
approve jóváhagy
service provider szolgáltató
upload feltölt
set beállít
resume life újrakezd életet
signal térerő
application alkalmazás
S(hort) M(essage) SMS
sign up beiratkozik, regisztrál
S(ervice)
account felhasználói fiók
speed dialling gyorshívás
upcoming events közelgő események
S(ubscriber) SIM kártya
I(dentity) M(odule)
transfer data adatot átvisz Global English Globális angol
voice dialling hanghívás make a speech beszédet mond/tart
voice message hangüzenet give one’s word a szavát adja
voicemail üzenetrögzítő crack a joke tréfás megjegyzést tesz
voice recorder hangfelvevő a quick word szót vált vk-vel
volume button hangerőszabályzó a brief chat egy rövid beszélgetés
W(ireless) WAP lengthy discussion hosszas beszélgetés
A(pplication) P(rotocol)
drop a hint utalást tesz
dial tárcsáz
ask a favour szívességet kér
Social networking Közösségi háló
change the subject témát vált
friends online ismerősök online, get into conversation beszélgetést
elérhető ismerősök kezdeményez
advert reklám dishonoured szégyenkezik
News Feed hírek regardless of tekintet nélkül
profile profil minority kisebbség
share megoszt vernacular tongue nemzeti nyelv
tag photos fényképek megjelelölése lingua franca közös közvetítő nyelv
wall üzenőfal identity azonosság, identitás
log out kijelentkezik reluctance vonakodás
like tetszik rivalry versengés
novelty újdonság
poke “bökés, piszkálás”
A Facebook tartalmaz The Media A media és a sajtó
egy „poke” funkciót, and the Press
amely lehetővé teszi a
felhasználók számára, absolute korlátlan
hogy poke-ot küldjenek
gossip pletyka
egymásnak.
celebrity híres ember (celeb)
privacy setting adatvédelmi beállítások
subscribe (to sth) előfizet (vm-re)
prospective leendő
commercial kereskedelmi reklám
87
on-air adásban publish publikál, kiad
(rádióban, TV-ben)
newsagent újságárus
browsing böngészés
sport page sport oldal
announcer bemondó
voracious falánk, telhetetlen
banner ad szalaghírdetés
international affairs nemzetközi ügyek
banner headline szalagcím
hoax kacsa (újságban),
paper boy újságkihordó megtévesztés
circulation eladási példányszám fabricate stories kitalál történeteket
convey közvetít, közöl, átad journal folyóirat
accessibility hozzáférhetőség gadget kütyü, szerkentyű
impartiality pártatlanság, widespread széleskörű
tárgyilagosság
agony column olvasói rovat
Unit 10
(személyes problémákra)
Travelling and Transport
centrefold óriás poszter
Holidays/Tourism Nyaralás/Tourizmus
(magazin közepén)
classified ad apróhirdetés all-inclusive holiday mindent magába
foglaló nyaralás
comic strip képregény
break szünet
editorial szerkesztői rovat,
vezércikk breathtaking lélegzetelállító

leading article vezércikk campfire tábortűz

lonely hearts társkereső rovat camping táborozás

personal column személyi hírek campsite táborhely, kemping

review ismertetés (könyv, film), congestion forgalmi torlódás

kritika crack of dawn korán reggel
Situations Vacant álláshirdetés rovat cruise tengeri körutazás
sensational headlines feltűnést keltő főcím
crystal-clear kristálytiszta
(újságban)
cultural heritage kulturális örökség
journalist újságíró
destination célállomás
small ads apróhirdetés
excursion kirándulás, túra
broadsheet/ minőségi újság
quality paper explore felfedez
tabloid/ pletykalap, bulvárlap full/half board teljes/fél panzió
popular paper
gourmet ínyenc
bulletin hivatalos közlemény
guesthouse vendégház
censorship cenzúra
hassle-free zűrzavarmentes
daily newspaper napilap
hitchhiking autóstoppal utazik
pocket money zsebpénz
holiday resort üdülőhely
periodical folyóirat
holidaymaker nyaraló, kiránduló
literary supplement irodalmi kiegészítő
landscape táj, vidék, tájkép
readership olvasóközönség
mass tourism tömegturizmus
scandal botrány
mountaineering hegymászás
88
off the beaten track távoli, félreeső pole (stick) síbot
package tour szervezett társasutazás reel orsó
pottery fazekasság (áru), rod horgászbot
agyagárú
flare jelzőrakéta
put sb up elszállásol vkit
skin-diving könnyűbúvárkodás
put up a tent felállítja a sátrat
sun dial napóra
recreational activities pihenési, szórakozási
swimsuit fürdőruha
tevékenységek
towel törököző
remote távoli
wetsuit búvárruha
reserve lefoglal
Idioms Kifejezések
rough sea viharos tenger
scenery látvány globetrotter világjáró

settle the bill rendezi a számlát in the middle a semmi közepén

of nowhere
shelter menedék
living out of bőröndből él (sokat
sightseeing városnézés one’s suitcase utazik)
solitary magányos, elhagyatott lose one’s heart beleszeret
spectacular látványos
sun worshipper napimádó Transportation Közlekedés
trekking túrázás cab taxi
trip kirándulás coach / bus távolsági autóbusz
untouched érintetlen cogwheel railway fogaskerekű vasút
unwind lazít double-decker bus emeletes autóbusz
voyage utazás (tengeri) economic gazdaságosság,
wander barangol takarékosság
woodwork famunka energy efficient energia hatékonyság
youth hostel (ifjúsági) turistaház reliability megbízhatóság
shuttle bus ingajáratban
közlekedő busz
Holiday activities and equipment
suburban train H(elyi)É(rdekű)V(asút)
bait csali
tram villamos
compass iránytű
trolleybus trolibusz
flippers békatalp
the Tube londoni metró
gloves kesztyű
Air travel Légi közlekedés
goggles sí szemüveg
flight attendant légi utaskísérő
helmet sisak
aisle folyosó
hook horog (repülőn, buszon, vonaton)
insect repellent rovarriasztó baggage reclaim csomagkiadás
line damil boarding pass beszálló kártya
parachuting ejtőernyőzés cabin baggage/ kézipoggyász
parasol napernyő hand luggage
penknife/pocketknife zsebkés, bicska check-in counter jegy és poggyász
89
 kezelés helyszíne local train személyvonat
cockpit pilótafülke platform vágány
cover a long distance nagy távolságot tesz meg punch your ticket jegyet kezel (lyukaszt)
crew legénység, személyzet ticket inspector jegyellenőr
(hajón, repülőn)
upholstered kárpitozott
departures/ indulási/érkezési/
arrivals/ váró csarnok
waiting lounge Travel by water Vizi közlekedés
duty free vámmentes anchor horgony
excess fee többletsúly pótdíj disembark kiszáll, partra száll
excess weight többletsúly ferry komp
hijacker gépeltérítő life vest mentőmellény
lost and found talált tárgyak osztálya lighthouse világítótorony
runway kifutó liner tengerjáró hajó
security gate biztonsági kapu pier móló, rakpart
turbulence turbulencia port kikötő
jet lag időátállási probléma
hosszú repülőút után
Driving and cars Vezetés és autók
Types of cars Autófajták
convertible nyitható tetejű autó
Bicycle, motorbike Kerékpár és coupe kétajtós automobil
motorbicikli
estate car kombi
bell csengő (station wagon AmE)
chain lánc hatchback háromajtós
handlebar kormány MPV egy légterű autó
mudguard sárvédő (multi-purpose vehicle)

pedal pedál saloon (sedan (NAmE) négyajtós autó

saddle nyereg SUV SUV

(sport utility vehicle) (sportcélú haszonjármű)
sidecar oldalkocsi
pick up platóval rendelkező
valve szelep személygépkocsi
helmet bukósisak lorry (truck AmE) teherautó, kamion

Trains and Buses Vonatok és Buszok Driving a car Autóvezetés

board beszáll, felszáll adjust hozzáigazít
compartment fülke brand loyalty márkahűség
conductor kalauz change gears sebességet vált
dodger bliccelő downshift into kisebb sebességi
express train gyorsvonat a lesser gear fokozatba kapcsol
fake leather műbőr fasten your seat belt kapcsold be a
first class első osztály biztonsági övet
fuel consumption üzemanyag fogyasztás
90
handling kezelhetőség exhaust pipe kipufogó cső
indicate/ jobbra/balra jelez, indexel headlight fényszóró
signal right/left
hubcap/wheel trim dísztárcsa
interior space belső tér
indicator, index
performance teljesítmény turn signal (AmE)
release the kiengedi a kéziféket number plate / rendszámtábla
handbrake license plate (AmE)
turn on the ignition gyújtást ad petrol cap or flap tanksapka
wear and tear kopás, elhasználódás sunroof napfénytető
neutral position üres (váltó fokozat) windscreen wiper ablaktörlő
windscreen/ szélvédő
windshield (AmE)
Getting a Jogosítvány
driving licence megszerzése
artificial respiration/ mesterséges légzés, The interior of the car Az autó belseje
mouth-to-mouth szájon át történő accelerator/gas pedal gázpedál
resusitation/ lélegeztetés
air conditioning légkondicionáló
the kiss of life
brake fék
bandage wounds sebet bekötöz
back seat hátsó ülés
basic mechanics alapvető műszaki
ismeretek central lock központi zár
decelerate lassít clutch kuplung
driving instructor gépjárművezető oktató cup holder italtartó
give first aid elsősegélyt nyújt dashboard műszerfal
the Highway Code KRESZ emergency light vészvillogó
manoeuvre manőver fuel gauge üzemanyag szintmérő
medical certificate orvosi igazolás gear stick/ sebváltó
stick shift / gear shift
medically fit egészségügyileg
alkalmas glove compartment/ kesztyűtartó
glove box (AmE)
permit engedély
handbrake kézifék
procedure eljárásmód
headrest fejtámla
horn duda
ignition key slusszkulcs
The exterior Az autó külseje
of the car navigation system navigációs rendszer
aerial, antenna antenna passenger’s seat anyósülés
alloy wheels alufelni rear-view mirror visszapillantó tükör
bonnet / hood (AmE) motorháztető rev(olution) fordulatszámmérő
counter/tachometer
boot trunk (AmE) csomagtartó
seat belt biztonsági öv
brake lights féklámpa
speedometer sebességmérő
bumper lökhárító
steering wheel kormánykerék
door handle kilincs
sun visor napellenző
91
vent ventilátor wrong track
wing mirror, oldalsó visszapillantók a pain in the neck nyűg, bosszúság
side-view mirror (AmE)

Traffic accidents Közúti balesetek

Rules of the road A közúti közlekedés
szabályai (KRESZ) collide with összeütközik
collision ütközés
built-up area lakott terület
fatality halálos áldozat
change lanes sávot vált
fatigue fáradtság
child restraint gyerekülés
fender bender koccanás
wheel clamp kerékbilincs
(Denver boot) head-on collision frontális ütközés
dead end zsákutca hijacking repülőgép-eltérítés
exceed the speed limit túllépi a human error emberi hiba
sebességkorlátozást inattentiveness figyelmetlenség
fine büntetés inclement rossz időjárási
give way sign/ elsőbbségadási tábla weather conditions körülmények
yield sign (AmE)
inexperience tapasztalatlanság
junction/crossroads/ útkeresztezés
intoxication ittasság
intersection (AmE)
motorist autóvezető mechanical failure technikai hiba
motorway/ autópálya mount the pavement felszalad a járdára
highway (AmE) pedestrian gyalogos
one-way street egyirányú utca prosecution bűnvádi eljárás
priority to the right jobbkéz-szabály rear-end collision koccanásos ütközés
pull out elindul (hátulról)
roundabout körforgalom reckless driving figyelmetlen vezetés
single egypályás út rollover borulás
carriageway road rubbernecking bámészkodás
speed bump fekvőrendőr skid into the ditch árokba csúszik
(sleeping policeman)
slippery road csúszós út
speed camera sebességmérő
kamera turbulence turbulencia
speed limit sebességkorlátozás
speeding gyorshajtás Unit 11
Weather and Environment
suspension felfüggesztés
Weather Időjárás
awful pocsék
Idioms Kifejezések
blazing sun tűző nap
dead end kilátástalan
blizzard hóvihar
road hog országúti fenegyerek
boiling hot tűzforró
at a crossroads válaszút, keresztút
breeze szelő
hit the road útra kel
changeable változékony
on the right/ jó/rossz nyomon jár
chilly csípős
92
cloudburst felhőszakadás it never rains a baj sosem jár egyedül
but it pours
cloudy felhős
damp párás, nedves
Weather Forecasts Időjárás jelentés
downpour szakadó eső
drizzle szitáló eső accuracy pontosság, precízség

dull, overcast borús accurate pontos

fog köd atmospheric pressure légnyomás

freezing cold dermesztő hideg front időjárási front

frost fagy humidity páratartalom

gale erős szél meteorologist meteorológus

gloomy borongós rainfall esőzés

hail jégeső safety precautions biztonsági

óvintézkedések
heatwave hőhullám
thermometer hőmérő
humid nyirkos, párás
weatherman időjós
mild enyhe
wind speed szélsebesség
mist gyenge köd
nasty nagyon rossz idő
Extreme weather Szélsőséges időjárás
roasting hot perzselő meleg
apparent nyilvánvaló
shower zápor
attributable tulajdonítható
sleet havas eső (dara),
ólmos eső blizzard hóvihar
slush latyak commendable dicséretes
storm vihar concern aggodalom
sunny spells napos időszakok drought aszály, szárazság
sweltering hot tikkasztó meleg dry wells száraz kutak
thunderstorm zivatar enact elrendel,
tövénybe iktat
unbearable heat elviselhetetlen hőség
erratic kiszámíthatatlan,
unpredictable kiszámíthatatlan szeszélyes
windy szeles flood árvíz
hailstorm jégeső
Idioms Kifejezések hence ennélfogva
It’s raining esik mintha hurricane orkán, szélvihar
cats and dogs. dézsából öntenék impact hatás
put the wind up me ráijeszt vkre, plague csapásokkal sújt
beijeszt vkt (országot)
as right as rain kitünő állapotban van precipitation csapadék
on cloud nine hetedik quadrupled megnégyszereződik,
menyországban van négyszeres
storm in a teacup bolhából elefántot run amok ámokfutást rendez
csinál, vihar a biliben
severe komoly
93
spare megkímél desertification elsivatagosodás
tamper babrál vmvel destructive pusztító, romboló
tornado forgószél, tornádó drought aszály
unwittingly akaratlanul endangered species veszélyeztetett fajok
well kút environmentalist környezetvédő
wildfire futótűz environmentally környezetbarát
friendly
wreak havoc nagy pusztítást végez
exploitation of természeti erőforrások
natural resources kiaknázása
Weather and its Időjárás hatásai
extinction kihalás, kipusztulás
effects
face extinction a kihalás szélén van
a long-term solution hosszútávú megoldás
fish stocks hal állomány
arthritic joint gyulladt ízület
fossil fuels fosszilis tüzelőanyag
arthritis izületi gyulladás
glacier gleccser
assumption feltételezés
global warming globális felmelegedés
clear up tisztáz, eloszlat
green issues környezeti problémák,
cotton wool cloud bárányfelhő kérdések
evident relationship nyilvánvaló kapcsolat habitat természetes élőhely
healing energy gyógyitó energia illegal logging törvényellenes
migraine migrén, fejfájás fakitermelés
reveal the truth felfedi az igazságot litter szemét
rub dörzsöl livestock haszonállatok
sink to the horizon eltűnik a szemelől overfishing túlhalászat
solemnly komolyan, ünnepélyesen poaching orrvadászat
suicide öngyilkosság road congestion forgalmi torlódás
witty szellemes species faj
the greenhouse effect üvegházhatás
Environmental Környezetvédelmi the ozone layer ózonpajzs
problems and gondok és veszélyek threat fenyegetés
dangers
vanish eltűnik
absorb elnyel
acid rain savas eső
Pollution Szennyezés
barren desert kietlen puszta
chemical fertilizers mezőgazdasági
cattle raising szarvasmarha vegyszerek
tenyésztés
construction work építési munkák
climate change klímaváltozás
contaminated water szennyezett víz
cut down kivág (fát)
contamination szennyezés
deforestation erdőirtás
detergent tisztítószer
deplete kimerít, legyengít
domestic effluent háztartási szennyvíz
depletion of természeti
dumping szemétlerakás
natural resources erőforrások kimerítése
emission kibocsátás
94
emit kibocsát prepositions vonzataikkal
exhaust fumes kipufogógázok affected by sth/sb befolyásolt vm/
fertilizer trágya vk által

fossil fuels fosszilis tüzelőanyagok discharge into beleömlik vm-be

hazardous kockázatos, veszélyes dispose of sth megszabadul

vm-től
incinerator szemétégető
harmful to sth/sb káros vk/vm-re
industrial machinery ipairi gépek
in danger veszélyben
landfill site szemét lerakóhely
responsible for felelős vm-ért
leak kiszivárog
suffer from sth szenved vm-től
lung cancer tüdőrák
under threat fenyegetés alatt
mining bányászat
oil spill olajfolt
Recycling Újrahasznosítás
over-illuminated túlságosan kivilágított
flora and fauna növény és állatvilág
power plant erőmű
bury eltemet
respiratory diseases légúti megbetegedések
by-product melléktermék
sewage disposal szennyvízelvezetés
distribution elosztás, szétosztás
sewage treatment szennyvízkezelés
municipal waste városi szemét
smokestack gyárkémény
entitle to feljogosít vm-re
storage tanks gyűjtőtartály
selective rubbish szelektív
unfit for human emberi tartozkodásra
collection hulladékgyűjtés
habitation alkalmatlan
toxic waste mérgező szemét
ultraviolet rays ibolyántúli sugárzás
Environmental Környezetvédelem
protection and és fenntartható életmód urbanisation elvárosiasodás
green living wild habitat vadonbéli élőhely
alteration átalakítás, módosítás garbage, rubbish szemét
charity jótékonyság genetically modified genetikailag módosított
compost komposztál habitation lakóhely
consume less energy kevesebb energiát industrialisation iparosítás
fogyaszt
insulation szigetelés
drain csatorna
population explosion demográfiai robbanás
energy efficient energia takarékos
man-made ember által gyártott,
light bulb égő mesterséges
faucet, tap csap preserve megőriz, megóv
install felszerel raw material nyersanyag
ivory elefántcsont regulate szabályoz
low flow shower head víztakarékos zuhanyfej sort out kiválogat
standby mode készenléti állapot reverse visszafordít
tackle megbirkózik
Verbs with Igék, előljáró suffocate megfojt, mefullad
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poisonous substances mérgező anyagok blackmailer zsaroló
organic waste szerves szemét to blackmail megzsarol
decay elbomlik burglary betörés
burglar betörő
Alternative energy Alternatív energia to burgle betör
abundant bőséges kidnapping emberrablás
affordable anyagilag kidnapper emberrabló
megengedhető to kidnap elrabol vkt
available elérhető murder gyilkosság
biofuel bio üzemanyag murderer gyilkos
by-product melléktermék to murder meggyilko
constant állandó, változatlan rape nemi erőszak
dam gát rapist erőszaktevő
demand kereslet to rape megerőszakol
disrupt szétrombol, robbery rablás
felbomlaszt
robber rabló
drilling fúrás
to rob kirabol
eco-friendly környezetbarát
shoplifting bolti lopás
foresee előre lát
shoplifter áruházi tolvaj
geothermal energy geotermikus energia
to shoplift (el)lop
hydroelectric energy vízenergia
smuggling csempészés
mankind emberiség
smuggler csempész
renewable energy megújuló
to smuggle csempészik
resources energiaforrások
theft lopás
solar energy napenergia
thief tolvaj
vapour pára, gőz
to steal (el)lop
windmill szélerőmű
vandalism vandalizmus
vandal vandál
to vandalize megrongál
Punishments Büntetések
Unit 12
Social Problems life imprisonment/ életfogytiglan
life sentence
Crime and Bűn és büntetés community service közmunka
punishment fine pénzbírság
capital punishment/ halálbüntetés
Crimes/ Bűntettek/bűnözők/ the death penalty
Criminals/Verbs Igék suspended sentence felfüggesztett
arson/arsonist/ szándékos gyújtogatás/ szabadságvesztés

to set fire gyújtogató/meggyújt vmt jail/prison sentence börtönbüntetés

blackmail zsarolás imprisonment bebörtönzés

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Other words Egyéb szavak suspicious behaviour gyanús viselkedés
accuse sb (of sth) vádol vkt (vmvel) teetotaller antialkoholista
appeal fellebez to be addicted to vm-nek a rabja
assault testi sértés tremble remeg
attorney ügyvéd tremendous hatalmas, óriási
bail óvadék withdrawal symptoms elvonási tünetek
case bírósági ügy
charge vádol Unemployment and Munkanélküliség és
homelessness hajléktalanság
convict elítél, bűnösnek
nyilvánít beggar koldus, kéregető
conviction büntető ítélet begging koldulás, kéregetés
evidence bizonyíték bench pad
indict sb (for sth) vádol vkt (vmvel) debt adósság
jury esküdtszég the dole munkanélküli segély
offender bűnös economic recession gazdasági válság/
hanyatlás
prosecutor vádló
go bankrupt csődbe jut
take revenge bosszút áll
job centre, munkanélküli
victim áldozat
unemployment központ
Addictions Függőségek centre
addict függő patrol őrjárat
addictive függőséget okozó poverty szegénység
alcoholic alkoholista rehabilitation centre rehabilitációs központ
alcoholism alkoholizmus retraining átképzés
attendance részvétel safe and sound ép és egészséges,
épp bőrrel
ban betilt, megtilt
shelter menedék
deterioration megromlás, rosszabodás
unemployment munkanélküli segély
determination eltökéltség
benefits
drug abuse droggal való visszaélés
vagrant csavargó, koldus
experiment kísérlet, próba
experimentation kísérletezés
Unit 13
gambling szerencsejáték The European Union
grunt morog, dörmög abolish megszüntet,
érvénytelenít
hermit remete
achievement eredmény,
intoxicated ittas
teljesítmény
moderate mértékletes
border határ
mood swings hangulatváltozás
barrier korlátozás
muttering mormogás
candidate pályázó, jelölt
powerless tehetetlen, erőtlen
citizen állampolgár
substance anyag
close up felzárkózik
97
common market közös piac labour munka
consumer rights vásárlói jogok legal dispute jogi vita
cooperation együttműködés legislation törvényhozás
currency valuta/pénznem member states tagállamok
customs duties behozatali, mobility mobilitás,
kiviteli vámok mozgékonyság
democracy demokrácia mutual kölcsönös
discriminate diszkriminál, official currency hivatalos valuta/
pénznem
diversity sokféleség,
változatosság overpass átlép (határt),
áthalad (országon)
economic integration gazdasági integráció
peace béke
enlargement bővítés
personal development személyes fejlődés
equality egyenlőség
policy politikai irányelv
establish megalapít
prevent megelőz
exceed túllép
promote előmozdít
exchange programme csereprogram
proposal javaslat
exchange rate tőzsdei árfolyam
prosperity gazdagság
expand kiterjed
pursue studies tanulmányokat folytat
fluctuation árfolyamhullámzás
race faj
frontier országhatár
research and kutatás és fejlesztés
fund alapít
development
handicap hátrány,
restriction korlátozás
fogyatékosság
spread terjeszt
human rights emberi jogok
stability stabilitás
immigration bevándorlás
stimulate ösztönöz
inflation infláció
tariff díjszabás, tarifa
join csatlakozik vmhez/
vkhez tax adó
joint action együttes intézkedés treaty egyezmény
justice igazság well-being jólét
knowledge- tudáson alapuló workforce munkaerő
based society társadalom

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 Tapescript
Listening 1.1 (track 1)

This is Peter. He is married. He is a 35 year-old-father with a daughter and a son. He is a sales manager and he
works for a multinational company. He has been working there for 5 years. As far as I know, he is satisfied with
his job and wouldn’t change it for any other. He works very hard because there is a chance for promotion. He is
very conscientious, determined and persistent in his work. He lives in a little town close to the capital city. He
has a detached house with a big garden at the back and he likes pottering there whenever he has time. As I have
already mentioned, he has two children and a wife. He and his wife have been married for 7 years and they have
a very good marriage. If I am not mistaken, they met on holiday in Paris. How romantic! His family plays a
crucial role in his life. He has a lot of relatives and has very strong family ties. They have many family
gatherings every year. He is an only child but I think he would have liked to have a brother or a sister. His
parents live far from his town, so they are always delighted when he visits them. Beside his work and family he
hasn’t got much free time. He is a very active man and he likes spending his free time meaningfully. He likes
sports and plays football with his friends every weekend. They have an amateur football team and they regularly
take part in local competitions. We have known each other for about a year. We attended the same English
course and had classes twice a week.

This is Suzy. She’s 21 and she lives in the same town as me. We signed up for the same language course, which
we enjoyed very much. We laughed a lot and we had a great time during the lessons. She’s a student. She’s
studying at a university in Budapest. She is majoring in history. She is in her second year and I think she likes
school very much as she’s always been interested in history. She may want to be a teacher or a historian. She is
living in a dormitory now with other students from the university but at the weekends she always goes home.
Her family lives in a flat but I know that she would like to live in a detached house or in a cottage in the
countryside. She loves nature very much and she is a little bit fed up with city life. She comes from quite a large
family. She has two elder brothers and a younger one. I think she has had a difficult childhood with 3 brothers
and must have had some tough times, but she gets on well with them. As far as I know, she is single and is
looking for her prince on a white horse. I hope she will find him soon! She is a very creative person. She likes
painting and drawing in her free time. She often goes to the theatre and visits exhibitions. She also likes going
out with her friends and chatting with them. She is keen on animals. She has a little animal farm at home. Her
family has many cats and dogs and she used to have a hamster and a ferret when she was young.

Listening 1.2 (track 2)

Aries
Arians have great force and energy, and they are always ready to take the initiative. They are instinctive and
dynamic but sometimes they make big mistakes because of their impulsiveness. Arians are often said to be self-
centred, but it is not so. They can be romantic. They tend to be bossy both in their private lives and in their
working lives. Among their possible careers: designer, writer, lawyer, politician, actor and all the posts which
give the possibility to lead. Sometimes they express themselves in a rude way.

Taurus
Taurus represents art, beauty in all its forms and strength, not only physical. Taureans are realistic, security
loving and like routine, and all of these characteristics relate to their love relationships as well. In order to obtain
security in romantic relationships, they use all their qualities: resistance, quietness, patience and intelligence.
They seldom lose control, but when they get angry they can be violent. Among their most suitable careers:
interior decorator, teacher, cook and any job concerning the Earth and nature. This sign of the zodiac most of all
likes relaxing, but only after having reached a predetermined goal, of course.

Gemini
They are quiet, clever, active and sometimes pessimistic. They find it difficult to bind for a long time to other
persons, things or activities. Their freedom and independence are always in the foreground. Gemini are
extremely impatient, they often change their interests and activities and they are eager to know everything in a
short time. They like travelling, social life and being in the open air. Suitable occupations are: politician,
manager, trader and lawyer.
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Cancer
It is the moon which determines their "lunatic" behaviour: a continuous exchange of moods from bad to good.
from bad moods to joy. They are conservative, stubborn and eccentric. They love living in luxury, travelling,
taking care of their house and decorating it with old and curious objects. They love the past and tradition. They
fear the uncertainty of what's new and of future things, and hate violence in all its forms. They are extremely
shy, romantic, and tend to draw people to themselves especially the persons they love. Their most suitable
occupations are: interior designer, lawyer, cook and butler.

Leo
Fire sign ruled by the sun, symbol of strength and pride. They are independent, active, passionate and very
generous. Sometimes they trust in themselves too much! Because of their determination they are usually good
workers and are able to move easily among various kinds of jobs. Suitable occupations are: actor, diplomat and
entrepreneur. They love the pleasures of life and living in luxury.

Virgo
They are precise, conscientious, efficient, serious and rational. Usually, they think money is very important and
they hate waste. They love their homes and furnishing them. They are also very organised. Suitable occupations
are: designer, teacher, editor and analyst. They believe in friendship, but it is hard for them to stay in long lasting
love relationships.

Listening 1.3 (track 3)

Infancy
Infancy is the first year of life after birth. At this time, a baby grows quickly in weight and in height. In fact, the
baby’s weight triples, and the height increases by half. Infants begin to observe the world around them. They do
this by watching, touching, tasting and listening. Soon, the baby learns to respond to those nearby. He or she
may start to smile and make sounds. The baby learns to reach for objects and to crawl. By the end of infancy,
babies can recognize some words and even say a few of them.

Childhood
Next, a child becomes a toddler. A toddler is a child between the ages of one and two. While toddlers continue
to grow in weight and height, they don’t do so as fast as when they were infants. They learn to do many
activities. They can feed themselves, scribble on paper, and use the toilet. Their language skills begin to
develop, and they begin to talk to others. Toddlers are very curious, and they learn quickly.

Pre-schooler and late childhood

The toddler soon becomes a pre-schooler, a child between ages two and five. Pre-schoolers begin to develop
complex physical skills. For example, they can use a paintbrush, button their clothes, and ride a tricycle. Their
mental skills develop too, and they enjoy using their imagination. They like to pretend and to imitate others. The
period between the ages of six and eleven is called late childhood. They enter school and continue to develop
their social skills. They make friends and participate in social activities. Overall, they learn to do many things
on their own and need less and less adult supervision.

Adolescence
The next stage is called adolescence, usually between the ages of twelve and seventeen. The many physical
changes that occur help prepare the body for reproduction. The mental, emotional, and social changes also help
prepare a young person for the challenges of adulthood. During adolescence, teens begin to take on more and
more responsibilities at home and in the community. Many of the choices they make will help shape the paths
they take as adults.

Adulthood
At about the age of eighteen, the stage called young adulthood begins. The most important change is that many
young adults become independent. They often live on their own and begin their careers. Many develop deeper
relationships with others, marry, and have children. Then comes what is called middle age. Adults in their
thirties, forties, and fifties continue to strengthen their careers, relationships, and families. During and after
middle age, adults begin to show signs of physical aging. Some people in their mid-sixties and older may decide

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to retire. Despite showing signs of aging, many people continue to be very active physically, and often long into
their retirement years. They may travel, enjoy new hobbies, and become more involved in their community. In
time though, a person’s system begins to weaken and deteriorate, and he or she eventually dies. Death is the
final part of the human life cycle. It is important to see dying as a natural part of this life cycle.

Listening 1.4 (track 4)

1. I think fashion is important to us because it's a means of self-expression - it enables us to say something
important to the world about who we are, or who we'd like to be. The clothes we wear say things about us even
to people we don't talk to directly. It addresses the fundamental human need to belong, to identify ourselves with
a group of others like us - whether it's a lifestyle, a religion, a profession, or an attitude.

2. Fashion is important to make people feel their best. When you wear clothes that fit you properly and really
mirror your taste, it can add a boost to your confidence. When you feel good in what you are wearing, you may
find yourself in a better mood, and in turn people will begin to view you differently. Above all, it's amazing what
some fabrics can do for our self-esteem!

3. Fashion is important in the world – both traditionally and in a modern way. Everywhere around the world
people show their own cultural identity through fashion. Even if you have drifted far away from your home and
have had to live in another part of the world, you could show others where you are from. You can preserve your
culture through fashion.

Listening 1.5 (track 5)

Expert: Hello everybody! You’re listening to Anna Scott, the fashion expert, on Radio 1. I’m here to help you.
Call me if you have any questions related to fashion, clothing and style. Don’t forget that being attractive starts
with your clothes! And my first caller today is a woman who considers fashion important even in old age. So
what’s your question?
Rebecca: Hello, my name’s Rebecca, I’m an older woman and my question is, can I wear a short dress at age
57? I recently purchased a casual knit dress via mail order and I love it! The soft purple colour looks great on my
average size figure. My problem is that the dress is above my knees. Can a woman my age wear a short dress? I
want to dress age appropriate, even though I don't feel almost 60! What should I do?
Expert: So, Rebecca, there are women at 55 who look a lot more youthful than others at the age of 20. The most
important factors are the shape that you are in, your attitude, and how modern you keep your appearance - not
your age. If you are in good shape and you keep your look current, there is nothing wrong with wearing a dress
that is a couple of inches above your knees. But the dress shouldn’t be a girlish or overly trendy style, find
something a bit more chic and sophisticated that suits a woman of experience. If you dress right and stay
modern, people will think you look great.
Rebecca: Thank you very much, Anna. I think I will wear it. I am satisfied with my shape and am also proud of
being in good condition at my age. Thanks again. Bye!
Expert: And our next caller is a gentleman who’s ready to date again. We are listening.
Jonathan: Hello. My name’s Jonathan, I’m 50 and I’m divorced. I find myself looking at dating again, and it's a
little scary... mostly when I look in my closet. I don't know what to wear on a date since it's been almost 10 years
since I've had one. I want something stylish, but I am having a hard time picking out casual clothes that aren’t
jeans, or end up being not casual enough. It seems that the clothing I like is really for a younger man, 25 to 30, or
so. Can you help with some suggestions and perhaps stores to try?
Expert: OK, Jonathan. First of all, congratulations! While most folks find it scary to begin a new chapter in their
lives, you are brave enough to do it. Style is not about age, but how your clothes suit you. Stay away from
obvious teenage fads and opt for a cleaner, sophisticated design in a similar style. Well-fitting jeans are a great
choice for a casual night out. Pair them with a single-breasted dark jacket and a sport shirt in a gorgeous
colour. Cargo pants paired with an untucked tee is a solid sporty look. On a dressier date, try a dark suit with a
plain shirt and forget the cotton sweater or vividly striped shirt. There are so many choices of where to shop,
both online and stores. What you want is to find a store with an overall style which appeals to you. It’s easier to
start in an environment where everything is sold to work together, rather than a small boutique with specialty
items. What counts is that you feel at ease shopping there, and there is sales staff available to help you if you

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need them. Remember that clothes do make the man, but a woman dates a man who she has fun with, respects,
admires, and finds engaging. And Jonathan, good luck!
Jonathan: Thanks very much. I’m excited and looking forward to dating again. Bye.
Expert: And our last caller has a little bit of a problem with finding her own style.
Helen: Hi. I’m Helen and I’d love to be proud of what I wear, but it's hard to feel attractive in my comfort zone
of T-shirts and jeans. I also struggle with trying to find a style that I feel is age appropriate for me at 22. I've
never considered myself to be very stylish and I tend to stay away from current fads. As for my body type, I'm
170cm and weigh 61 kg. Most of my height comes from my legs, which leaves me with a short torso. I just
feel so out of the fashion loop that I don't know where to start. Any suggestions?
Expert: I believe that for someone to look good, they also need to feel good in the clothes they are wearing. If
you don’t feel right in what you are wearing, regardless of a designer label, you simply will not show self-
confidence. Self-confidence is what carries any look and makes it right. If jeans and a T-shirt are your comfort
zone and fit into your lifestyle, that’s fine. Be sure though that they are the right fitting jeans and T-shirt. Start
adding colourful accessories, fabulous shoes, and you will have a very chic jeans-based wardrobe before you
know it. As you have long legs, start to show them off in skinnier fitting jeans and fantastic flats. Add a well-cut,
hip-length jacket with shoulder pads to create a longer looking torso. Pop on an interesting necklace or scarf and
you have the makings of a really great classic look. You’ll be super-chic in no time!
Helen: Yeah, thanks. I really have little self-confidence, especially when fashion and clothes come to the
forefront.

Listening 2.1 (track 6)

Your closest relatives are: your parents and your siblings, brothers and/or sisters. If your mother or father is not
an only child, you also have aunts and / or uncles. An aunt is the sister of your mother or father, while an uncle
is the brother of your mother or father. Your female child is called your daughter, your male child is called your
son. If your aunts or uncles have children, they are your first cousins. Your sister’s or brother’s son is your
nephew, while a daughter is your niece.

In-laws
When you get married, your husband or wife's family become your in-laws. The mother of your spouse, husband
or wife, is your mother-in-law, and his or her father becomes your father-in-law. The term in-law is also used
to describe relationships with the spouses of siblings. So, the husband of your sister becomes your brother-in-
law, while the sister of your husband becomes your sister-in-law. If you are a woman, you become the
daughter-in-law of your husband's parents, and if you are a man, you become the son-in-law of your wife's
parents. The same term, in-law, is used for all generations. The husband of your aunt is still your mother's
brother-in-law, for example.

Grandparents and grandchildren

The parents of your parents are your grandparents – grandmother and grandfather. You are their grandchild
– either a granddaughter or a grandson. If your grandparent has a sister, she is your great-aunt. If your
grandparent has a brother, he is your great-uncle (and you are either his or her great-nephew or great-niece).
The mother of your grandmother or grandfather is your great-grandmother. The father is your great-
grandfather. If you go back another generation, your grandmother or your grandfather was your great-great-
grandmother. The grandfather of your grandmother or grandfather was your great-great-grandfather.

Second families
If your mother or father remarries, you acquire a new family and set of relatives. For example, if your father
marries again, his wife becomes your stepmother. Any children she already has become your stepsisters and/or
stepbrothers. If your mother or father remarries and has children, they become your half-brothers and/or half-
sisters. You might also hear people talking about their biological brother / sister, etc., to mean a brother or
sister who is related by blood, rather than by marriage.

Listening 2.2 (track 7)

Our marriage died little by little over time. We let our problems develop in our marriage until we couldn’t
resolve them. I know some people decide to stay together despite their troubles in favour of the children, or at
least until they move out of the house. In our case it didn’t work. Our relationship became intolerable. I could

102
say we were very young when we got married, had big, unrealistic expectations and we just rushed into
marriage, but I think it all would be a lie. It happened gradually, we just slowly drifted apart. It’s difficult to
find a reason; maybe it was the long working hours he spent in the office or I paid too much attention to our
daughter, I don’t know. I had a part-time job, and a whole household to run. I didn’t have any help; I felt I was
left alone. He was very indifferent towards me. We had changed and become different people. And there were
those quarrels, about practically anything, money, sharing the housework, how to discipline our child and so on.
Maybe we were just too young to encounter such problems and cope with them. We tried some alternative
solutions to save our marriage; we took a short break from each other to see if our attitude and emotions would
change towards each other. We even went to a marriage counsellor. She was very kind and we tried to rebuild
the so-called ‘lost trust’ but the roots of our marital problems seemed to be so deep that we couldn’t have a
rational discussion. We realised there was nothing that we could do to save our marriage, so we decided to start
divorce proceedings. The legal procedure was very long, expensive, and painful. We wanted a peaceful
divorce, if it was at all possible. It soon turned out that it was impossible. When finances and our child were the
topic of our discussion, all hell broke loose. It was difficult to reach an agreement on money matters. The
other big problem was our daughter. Of course I wanted her to live with me but he wanted the same as well. So
there was a long fight for custody. Finally, he got regular contact and our daughter can stay with him overnight
at the weekends. I got the house and I receive alimony every month. I think the most difficult part was the battle
for our daughter’s residency. I worried about our daughter because divorce can do long-lasting emotional
damage to children.
And what is my life like after the divorce? Well, first of all, I feel relief now. At the beginning, I felt bitter and
puzzled. I felt my life was worthless. Now I can accept that my life has changed, sometimes I still miss the
familiar routine but if I think back to the sleepless nights and never-ending quarrels, I have to say it was a good
decision. I hope I will be able to establish a new harmonious relationship in the future but I’m not in a hurry. I
will make a careful decision before starting a new relationship, if I ever do.

Listening 2.3 (track 8)

I=Interviewer R=Russell

I: As the credit crunch bites, the extended family is making a comeback and more families choose to move back
to the parental house. Three generation families, or sometimes four, are more common these days. The Slaters
are a perfect example. Sons Freddie, 18, and Alexander, 22, might by now be renting or buying their own place.
Parents Caroline and Russell, in their mid-40s, would usually be anticipating freedom as the children grow up.
For Caroline's mother, Penelope, 82, it might have been time to move to a small bungalow. Instead, they have
just spent a year living under one roof – and aim to stay that way. So Russell, why did you decide to move in
together?
R: Well, the reasons are very simple. Penelope, my mother-in-law, became a widow. She spent a few months in
a nursing home and when she went home it was obvious that her house was too big. We didn’t want her to be
alone and we wanted her to be under our care. Alexander had just finished his studies and moved home from the
dormitory and my wife was expecting a baby. We had been thinking of moving to a bigger house for awhile but
because of financial reasons, actually lack of money, we called it off. But finally, we sold the two houses and
bought a bigger one.
I: And what kind of house did you buy? I mean were you looking for a house which is divided into two smaller
ones, a type of house with a huge guest house?
R: Well it was a hard decision, first we were thinking of building an extension to our house but we realised it
wasn’t an acceptable solution, and it would have been quite expensive. Then we considered buying a house
formally divided into three units, but we changed our mind and chose a property where we could live
communally. The house can satisfy three generations of grown-ups, it has four large bedrooms, two bathrooms,
two living rooms and a huge garden. So everybody has their own space.
I: And how has family life changed?
R: Life is very busy nowadays. Moving in together changed the dynamics of the household. Everything was
turned upside down. When the children weren’t at home we had a peaceful life, I don’t mean it’s not peaceful
now, but it was much slower. The mornings are the worst when everybody is in a rush. We are always fighting
over the bathrooms.
I: As I hear, you didn’t regret it, did you?

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R: No, to be honest, I’m much happier now. We have a great family life. Before moving in together we hardly
ever saw each other although we didn’t have to cover a big distance to see each other. Now we can sit down to
lunch every day with everybody, and not just at Christmas.
I: And doesn’t a bigger family put pressure on you, the parents?
R: Well it’s never easy in a sandwich generation.
I: Sorry, what did you say, sandwich generation?
R: Yes, it’s an expression used for those families where people, like me and my wife, take care of their children
and aging parents at the same time.
I: I see. So you are in the middle of the sandwich like the meat in a hamburger.
R: Exactly. So, to answer your previous question. We are under more stress and pressure from trying to care for
our children and our aging parents. Luckily, Penelope hasn’t got any health problems now because that would
make it extremely difficult. We share most of the chores and that helps a lot. Running a multigenerational
household can’t be done alone. The burden mustn’t fall only on one person. The fair division of housework, it
is not as difficult as you might think. Everybody is responsible for more things in the household, and if you keep
some basic rules, there won’t be any problems.
I: And on the whole, do you think it is worth moving in together? Are there more advantages than disadvantages,
or vice versa?
R: Personally, I think it has more advantages. First of all, let’s talk about money. Moving in together can solve a
host of financial and practical problems. As it’s much cheaper to live together, money saved on rent or on the
bills can fund a down payment on a separate home later or on another investment. Beyond the financial
advantages, there are many others. Children get some extra attention from loving adults and grandparents.
Grandparents can support the family in many ways; they can help with the daily cooking and in taking care of
the children. You don’t need to hire a babysitter. On the other hand, older grandparents who joined the
household because they needed care or because it wasn't safe for them to live alone can receive loving care from
family members, so quality of life is often better for them. They are not isolated.
I: And what about the disadvantages? What makes living together difficult?
R: There are many things of course, but I believe all can be solved with patience and respect towards your
family members. Lack of privacy can be a major problem. It is very hard to maintain a private life living in close
quarters. Another conflict comes from sharing. The division of household bills and chores can lead to some
arguments. As for the arguments, there are a lot. They may seem quite silly, such as who goes to the bathroom
first or what program to watch on TV, but there can be more serious ones as well.
I: And finally, what advice would you give those who are planning to move in together?
R: It’s very simple. First of all, you have to decide whether you want to live communally in one house, or
whether you want separated units within a house. If you are not 100 percent sure that you will get on well with
all of your family, I would choose a house arranged in separate units. That way you can have your own space.
Next, you should make a plan. Make a written plan for dividing the finances, chores and space. Some kind of a
schedule can be useful.
I: Thank you very much Russell. You have given very useful advice and I hope we could help those who are
unsure of what to do.
R: I would advise everybody to give it a try. There is much more to gain than lose.

Listening 2.4 (track 9)

Christmas is celebrated all over the world – I’m taking you on a tour round the globe to explore Christmas
traditions and festivities in different countries. If you’ve ever wondered how Father Christmas manages to make
his way around the world in just one evening, it’s probably because you didn’t have all the facts in front of you.
Christmas is celebrated in cultures all across the globe, but sometimes with traditions peculiar to their country
and even on a different day! Largely English speaking nations often follow the more European traditions, with
the likes of Australia and Canada similar in everything but the weather.

Austria is one of the earliest countries to celebrate Christmas with their celebrations falling on the 6th of
December! The celebrations in Austria are very musical and a number of the world’s favourite carols originated
there. St. Nicholas and his assistant, Krampus may visit on Christmas Day but a day earlier ChristKind, who also
helps with the decorating of the tree, brings the gifts.

This time is special in Africa as it is a time when all relatives and friends come together and visit each other,
regardless of their own personal religion. Often families try to arrive at the ancestral home by Christmas Eve

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although there is a lot of fun to be had out on the streets after the church service that night. Processions are
huge and often led by local bands, and the dancing, cheerfulness and celebrations continue well into the night
and for many nights after. On the well-attended Christmas Day services, the story of Christmas is told before
children receive presents of chocolates, special crackers and if they are very lucky, clothes or a book.

In Denmark Christmas is also celebrated on the 25th of December and it is a big event. The children receive small
gifts for every day of in advent and on Christmas Eve presents are lain under the tree. The presents are only
given out once the family have walked around the tree and sung many hymns and carols. A series of Christmas
lunches are held for the 12 days that follow. Similarly, in Latvia, Father Christmas delivers presents for every
day of Christmas starting on Christmas Eve!

Advent, the four weeks before Christmas, is a highlight in Germany. The decorations are taken very seriously
and candles play an important part in the celebrations. Many houses have little wooden frames with electric
candles in them displayed at their windows. It is also common to see nativity scenes in German homes. These
will often feature a wooden crib or a small model of the stable where Jesus was born with Mary, Joseph and
animals. Their Christmas services take place on Christmas Eve and it is only after this that Father Christmas will
visit, leaving presents under the Christmas tree.

Russia traditionally celebrates Christmas on the 6th of January with church services and also their ‘Feast of St.
Nicholas’, as the saint is especially popular in this country. These celebrations were repressed around the time
of the communist revolution, but have returned to make this one of the most celebrated times on the Russian
calendar, which runs 13 days ahead of the British one. Christmas in Russia is a time to revel in old folk
traditions. After the Christmas Eve church service the attendees carry candles, torches, and homemade lanterns
parade around the church, before returning to their places and singing hymns until late, just as their
grandparents did before them. They eat their festive feast after the service, of which the most important
ingredient is a special dish called ‘kutya’. The use of grains in this dish is to symbolise hope and immortality,
and honey and poppy seeds ensure happiness, success, and untroubled rest. The ‘kutya’ is shared around the
family in the same bowl, which symbolises unity amongst the family.

Source: www.north-pole.co.uk

Listening 3.1 (track 10)

The basic features of the British educational system are the same as anywhere else in Europe. Full-time
attendance is compulsory up to the age of 16. Compulsory education is free of charge, but parents may spend
money on educating their children privately by sending them to private schools. The terminology of schools can
be confusing in Britain. State schools are free and financed by the government or some local educational
authorities. Parents must pay a fee for their children to go to independent school. Many of these schools are
boarding schools and confusingly called public schools in England. Today, about 10% of children are educated
in the private sector. Basically, there are three stages. The first stage is primary education, the second is
secondary education and the third is the tertiary, “further” education at university or college.

In England, children start infant school, which is part of the primary school system at the age of 5. It lasts two
years. In the second stage of primary education children move to the junior school system for four years.
Children are usually placed in classes with one teacher who will be primarily responsible for their education and
welfare for that year. This teacher may be assisted by specialist teachers in certain subject areas, often music or
physical education. The continuity with the same teacher provides the opportunity to build a close relationship
with the class.

From the age of 11 children go to secondary school. Primary schools usually include both girls and boys as
pupils while secondary schools may be either single-sex or co-educational. Traditionally, at the age of 14
students start a programme that lasts for 2 years. After this two year period, students take examinations in a
range of subjects at the level of the General Certificate of Secondary Education or short GCSE. Students
usually take up to ten, there is no maximum or minimum, GCSE examinations in different subjects, including
mathematics and English language. After taking the GCSEs, students may start work; alternatively, they may
choose to continue their education at a vocational or technical college. They can also go to a sixth form college

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where they can take a higher level of secondary school examinations known as A-levels, which are required for
university entrance in the UK.

In the UK about one third of young people go on to higher education, and an increasing number of "mature"
students are studying either full-time or part-time for a university degree. A Bachelor’s degree normally takes
three years to complete. While studying for this degree, students are known as undergraduates. Students who
have completed a Bachelor’s degree can undertake a postgraduate degree. Postgraduate courses in the UK are
very intense. This means that the courses are usually much shorter than in other countries. A master's degree
typically takes 12 months to complete, for example an MA - Master of Arts. An MBA (Master of Business
Administration) is a high profile Masters course which can take up to 2 years to complete. Applicants will
usually be high achievers with at least 2 years managerial experience. A PhD research degree in the UK can take
between 2 and 7 years to complete.

Listening 3.2 (track 11)

Interviewer: Mark, can you tell us a little about Keystone National High School? Why is it so unique and how
does the school address online learning?
Mark: Keystone National High School is a privately licensed school in Pennsylvania. Our roots are in helping
kids in the public schools as well as home-schooled kids. We offer a variety of programs, the full gamut,
everything from summer school, full credit and correspondence high school courses to online courses.
Interviewer: So a student can actually finish high school taking all their classes online?
Mark: That's right. We are licensed to educate students in a certain way, we have certain standards, and more
importantly, we grant a high school diploma like any land-based local high school.
Interviewer: And what kind of kids attend an online high school? Approximately how many students attend your
school?
Mark: Actually we have over 25,000 students right now across all of our programs. They really are like any
other students you would find in a local high school; they may have learning problems and need additional help.
Then we have students who are exceptional, and students who are athletes. They are very busy because all day
they are going to meetings or are training; they don't have time to go to a typical school. So Keystone is an
excellent option for them.
Interviewer: I heard that you had students who were sailing around the world and things like that.
Mark: Yeah absolutely! They experience things all over the world but their education is rooted in one place,
Keystone. If the student can gain access to the Internet he or she can access our classes. So they can be
anywhere in the world but their school, education and teachers stay in the same place. We provide continuity and
security.
Interviewer: So can you explain how a typical class would work? If I'm a high school student and I sign up for a
class, do I have to be there at a certain time? Is there really a teacher on the other side?
Mark: It is very flexible. For example, in the case of international students, there are obvious time issues. So a
student can arrange with a teacher to meet at a certain time if they want to. And what can be done through chat
or a whiteboard session. The instructional model that they receive is a textbook and a learning guide. The
learning guide walks them through the content, tells them what to concentrate on, it gives them their reading
assignments. So their goal is to do that as an independent learner.
Interviewer: So what do they do online? Do they take tests, do they read material, how does it work?
Mark: So first about testing. We have a variety of testing methods; the basic one is the question/answer that may
consist of multiple choice of true or false questions. It is hard though to assess the students through only
objective questions so there is a lot of writing in our online assessments. In addition, students also do projects
online that may include journal entries, or research papers. Students also participate in class, through chats and
discussion boards that we have for every one of our courses. For the chats and discussion boards, teachers are
there to monitor and contribute.
Interviewer: Speaking of tests and assessments, how do you really know it's that student on the other side of the
computer taking that test and not their mom or dad or an older brother or something like that?
Mark: Well the key is that a test that covers our content is virtually impossible to pass if you haven't personally
covered and studied the content. If I'm a student in one of these classes and I solicit the assistance of my
brother, or sister, or mother to take the test, I'm really not helping myself. Our students understand that if
someone is trying to help them through the exam, it is not going to help them.
Interviewer: There are a couple of issues with e-learning that people often wonder about. For example, is there
student to student collaboration? Is there student-teacher collaboration? Is there team work on projects?

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Mark: Our courses are designed to be independent. We have had some courses that we designed using a virtual
classroom model but it didn’t work because students felt they were losing their independence.
Interviewer: So do your students go on to online colleges or traditional colleges? Where do they go after
Keystone High School?
Mark: They go to many types of universities and colleges. Most of these schools have online and traditional
programs as well, so our students can go to traditional programs in traditional universities and colleges if they
want. I think the most important thing is that we see our students being admitted to typical universities just as
any other average high school would.
Interviewer: Do you think this is going to break apart traditional high school education? Is this the wave of the
future?
Mark: Well that's a hard question. I think people have to understand that education is not about the time of the
day or about the seasons, it's just about getting the education that you need. Why wait for the school year to start,
and why wait for the bell to ring? So, I think online education is the future.
Interviewer: OK, one more question, are you going to use hand-held devices?
Mark: Yeah, we already started looking at handheld devices to get content out to students who are more mobile.
Actually what is interesting is that we have printed textbooks and we are working with the publishers to get those
textbooks online. So the students would have more than just a textbook online...they would have an interactive
online experience.
Interviewer: Well thank you, this is a lot of good information, and thank you for taking time out of your busy
schedule, best of luck to you at Keystone.
Mark: Thank you, I enjoyed the interview.

Listening 3.3 (track 12)

Presenter: Are you on edge about that big job interview in your future? For many of us, a job interview ranks as
one of life’s toughest challenges. For some, an interview is mildly exciting, for others it’s a downright terror.
Presenting ourselves in today’s fiercely competitive jobs market may be more important than ever before.
Human Resources Manager, Tim Parker, joins me today to give advice and useful tips on how to outshine others
at a job interview. Welcome to the programme.
Tim: Thanks. Yes, your performance at a job interview in today’s world is an event of great significance.
Because of the high unemployment rate and the economic crisis, you may have only one chance to get the right
job. So seize every opportunity and show your best. Maybe you wrote a terrific resumé and cover letter but it
doesn’t matter if you are called in for the interview. At that stage of the job search, you are the winner.
Presenter: So these interviews put a lot of pressure on the applicants and many people are not very good at
handling the extra pressure. You know not all of us are among those competitive type adrenaline seekers.
Tim: You are right. Being nervous is a pretty unpleasant feeling. Nobody likes to be anxious and lack self-
confidence. Uncontrolled nervousness can alter your behaviour, your body language and what you say. So you
have to learn how to control your emotions.
Presenter: And what can you do to gain control?
Tim: Rehearse. Prepare for the interview as if it was an exam in school or as if you were preparing for a theatre
performance. Practise pre-written questions and responses in front of a mirror. It really helps to overcome
nervousness.
Presenter: So, applicants with acting skills have an advantage.
Tim: Definitely, yes.
Presenter: And what about having a quick drink before the interview? Alcohol relaxes your nerves, doesn’t it?
Tim: Well, of course it calms you down but it may lead to over-confidence, and I think smelling like alcohol is
rarely appreciated at any interview.
Presenter: So, nervousness can influence your behaviour, but what exactly is correct behaviour during
interviews?
Tim: Well, there is no written rule for that. For example, your conduct may be observed both before and after
the interview. Remember that when you enter the building your interview has started. Be courteous to your
fellow candidates and to the staff alike. You don’t know who is going to be the interviewer - the person who
you see at reception and wish good morning to or the one who you forget to greet.
Presenter: You are right, shutting the door in front of your future boss is not a good way to make a positive
impression.
Tim: No, it’s not. People start forming their impression of you immediately, looking at your outside and making
assumptions about your inside.

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Presenter: I guess you have some tips for our listeners on how to make a better first impression.
Tim: I hope so. New clothes are not everything. It’s true that a good appearance is pretty important and it starts
with smart clothes, but it’s not just about that, it’s about the whole impression. Your manner, whether you are
friendly and relaxed, is also very important. And there is another thing, your attitude. It also counts a lot. It can
be seen on your face how you feel.
Presenter: Ok, let’s say you can cope with all these things, but the worst is still waiting for you. The interview
itself and the questions you have to answer. As I heard, these questions sometimes can be unexpected, can’t
they?
Tim: Yes. These questions are to test your reactions and problem solving abilities. In trying to figure out
whether you are the right person to hire, interviewers usually open fire with the most uncomfortable questions. If
you don’t understand the question or you need some time to collect your thoughts, ask the interviewer to repeat it
or to explain what he or she means. But please for goodness sake, avoid saying nothing at any cost. If you don’t
understand the question, find an alternative answer or say that you don’t know the answer. It’s better than saying
silly things anyway. Actually, the bulk of the questions are about you. There is no reason why anyone should
worry about answering these questions. You probably know yourself better than anybody!
Presenter: Asking the interviewer questions is probably more difficult, isn’t it?
Tim: Right. Most interviews are finished by inviting the candidate to ask questions
Presenter: I think that’s the point when most of us feel it’s time to run.
Tim: Yes, but don’t do that. Be brave, it’s time to strike back! Ask about the position’s duties and challenges.
Ask about the company’s future plans. But don’t ask questions about information you can obtain from the Net or
somewhere else.
Presenter: Tim, thanks very much for your advice, it’s been very useful. Good luck to all the job hunters out
there who were listening to us!

Listening 3.4 (track 13)

How would your colleagues describe you?

I think they would say I’m hardworking, honest and easy to get on with. They would say I’m responsible but
sometimes a little bit of a workaholic and perfectionist. They know that I like it when things are going well and
we can meet deadlines. And I hope they would say that they like working with me.

What are the things you would like to improve about yourself?
Well, two things I would like to improve on over the next few years are my computer and language skills. I
already know how to use computers well and I can speak English fluently, but I would like to do even better. I
want to familiarise myself with the new computer programs and I want to learn another foreign language. I
think these skills are becoming more and more important in our modern world. I’m going to take some special
courses to help me improve in these areas.

Do you ever lose your temper?

No, it’s not typical. Of course, sometimes I get irritated but I generally don’t lose my temper. I think I can handle
a heavy workload and pressure very well and I know how to keep my temper in the workplace.

How do you deal with stressful situations?

Over the years I have learned some techniques that help me in dealing with these situations. I know that stress
comes with every job. If the source of stress is my colleagues, I am available to deal with any issues
contributing to the stress. If the stress is a result of daily workload, I get through the day knowing that the end
of the day will renew me both mentally and physically. I do sport three times a week and I have a lot of relaxing
hobbies. I try to live a healthy lifestyle, for example, I gave up smoking and drinking too much coffee.

Where do you see yourself in five years time?

Well, I hope I will have a permanent full-time job. I don’t know what position I will have in the future but I
hope it will be a job with responsibilities.

What are your weaknesses?

Well, sometimes I can be a bit of a workaholic. I mean when I’m involved in a new project I cannot focus on
anything else. I like it when a new project is successful. So I do everything to be successful but I cannot stand it

108
not to mention getting frustrated when other members of the team might not be working as hard as me. I’m
aware of this problem and I try to be positive and enthusiastic in these situations.

What are your strengths?

Well, I think my biggest strength is that I can easily get on well with my new colleagues. I’m a sociable person
and I also like working in a team. I’m a good team player. My other strength is that I’ve always adapted well to
new situations with a great deal of energy and initiative. I like taking on new challenges and working with
people who have clear goals in mind. I’m also able to keep focused even in the toughest of times.

Listening 4.1 (track 14)

Interviewer: So, what made you leave the city to live in the countryside, Rebecca?
Rebecca: Well, I suppose my priorities changed with age. When I first went to a big city, I liked the hustle and
bustle of the place. But after awhile I needed a break. Over time I became fed up with the noise of the traffic, the
horns beeping all the time, the roaring of the planes overhead. I lived in the centre where music was blaring
late into the night.
Interviewer: Russell, I see you are smiling.
Russell: Yes, I had the very same problems in the city. I remember when we moved to the countryside, first we
found it so quiet. Maybe too quiet. But it was quite easy to get used to. Now I can say on behalf of my whole
family that we prefer living with less noise. And there is another thing, we also like the fact that we don’t have to
worry about our children when they go out. I mean there is less traffic.
Rebecca: Hmm, OK there is less traffic but I’m not sure that it’s safer outside. There are many crazy drivers in
the countryside too. Fewer police cars patrol the streets. I feel I have to keep an even closer eye on my kids than
before. What’s more, they can get lost much easier as there are a lot of open spaces.
Russell: But that’s where other people come in. I mean your neighbours. Everyone seems to know everyone
else’s business in the village. Which I think is not so bad. Some people may see it as an intrusion but I don’t
agree with them. Just think about burglars breaking into your house, and your children wandering off. You
don’t have to worry about these things.
Rebecca: You’re right there. Actually, many times we leave everything unlocked, and sometimes neighbours
come into the house without even knocking on the door. But we don’t mind. It’s like having a big extended
family.
Interviewer: What about the amenities where you live?
Russell: The basic amenities are within walking distance: the shops, the school. There is even a gym close to us.
Rebecca: I wish I could say the same. We have to use our car all the time. I even have to drive for a loaf of
bread. The bus service is infrequent; my workplace is far away, so you really need a car to be able to live where
we do.
Russell: I agree that it’s impossible to live without a car. We have two cars. Although the basic amenities are
close to us, we have to get to work by car. Buses are very rare, we’re actually trying to get the local authorities
to have more buses, particularly for the older residents who don’t have a car and sometimes need to go into
town.
Interviewer: And do you think your kids will like living in the countryside when they are older?
Rebecca: I’m actually wondering how they are going to like it when they become teenagers. Probably they will
complain of boredom and will want us to go and live in the city again.
Russell: Yes, and I think we can’t blame them. At that age I would have been bored out of my mind! No
entertainment facilities. No discos, cinemas, no decent cafés.
Interviewer: It doesn’t sound very good. Do you think either of you will ever go and live in the city again?
Russell: Well, I’d prefer to stay in the village and work at home rather than in an office. After all, I have a
computer with internet access, a mobile phone, and a beautiful working environment. So I have everything I
need. However, I don’t know what the future holds for us and anything can happen. We’d be prepared to move
back to the city if it was to our advantage.
Interviewer: And you Rebecca?
Rebecca: I’ve thought about it a lot, and I know that living where I do now means spending at least two hours
driving to and from work every day. But I don’t mind it. I’d rather do that then give up my life in the country.
Interviewer: Thank you both for coming into the studio to speak to us today. After a commercial break, we’ll go
on with the daily news.

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Listening 4.2 (track 15)

Interviewer: For most individuals, the single largest financial decision that they will ever have to make is
buying a home. Deciding on which house to choose and which mortgage to take, are just a few of the many
decisions that must be made when buying a home. Every month, week, day, we buy things large and small. But
when it comes to buying a home, careless shopping can lead to financial and emotional disaster. To avoid this
kind of disaster, I’m talking with John Dexter who will offer some help for those who are thinking of making
their biggest decision in life. Welcome John.
John: Good afternoon everybody.
Interviewer: So John, how many houses have you bought and sold in your life?
John: Well… thousands or more, I think. But that’s my job you know. I’m an estate agent and I run my own
business.
Interviewer: I think buying your own home is not easy. What would you advise for first-time buyers? Where
and how to start?
John: My first piece of advice is that you have to bear in mind that if you’re not willing to invest time, and if
you don’t take the advice of the right people, you could end up overpaying for a home you hate. First of all, you
have to decide if you are really ready to be a homeowner or not.
Interviewer: And when do you know that you are ready?
John: Just think about your lifestyle. If you are not sure where you want to reside in the future you may be
better off renting a house. It gives you more flexibility.
Interviewer: And I think it’s also important that you are clear about why you are buying a house.
John: Absolutely! People buy homes for a number of reasons. I think the top of the list is “I want a place of my
own”. You are independent from everybody and you can create an environment that reflects your taste and
personality. Others buy them as an investment or they think paying rent is just a waste of money.
Interviewer: What is the most important thing to consider when buying a home?
John: Maybe your finances. You may end up over your head in debt if you are not careful enough. Banks are
merciless, they want their money back. So, the first step is to survey your spending. You have to know what
portion of your current income you are able to save.
Interviewer: It is advisable to make some statistics of your incomings and outgoings so you will get a clear
picture of your financial situation. I did the same.
John: Exactly, that’s what you have to do. It’s important to write everything on a list including every last penny.
When people examine their spending for the first time, they realize and are horrified at how much they spend
overall and for what. Your challenge is to decide where to make reductions and cutbacks, but with a little
common sense, you can make the best out of the situation.
Interviewer: So, you have the money for a home. What should you pay attention to while searching for a home?
John: Location, location and location. This is the key word. Actually, the price is mainly determined by
location. You don’t simply buy a home, you buy neighbours as well. You have to pay much more for better
neighbourhoods, conversely, rotten neighbourhoods ravage home values. Interviewer: But what about the
surroundings and facilities near the home? These are very important, aren’t they?
John: Definitely, amenities are special features that make a place more attractive and desirable. A picturesque
view, parking, shopping, schools, transportation and things like that contribute to high property values. Of
course, few people can afford to buy a home in a neighbourhood that has all the amenities.
Interviewer: And is it true that some times of the year are better than others to shop for a home?
John: I have to say, yes. The best time to go house hunting is spring. After the cold, dark days of winter, flower-
filled spring inspires people to get out and look for new homes.
Interviewer: Is there any other advice you would like to give home buyers?
John: Yes of course. Look before you leap! When you find the property you want, take a good look at it. There
may be many hidden problems, especially in the case of used properties. Take an expert with you who has a
better eye for them.
Interviewer: And finally, why is it worth going to an estate agent?
John: Because we have a big database. You can be sure we can offer you something that is agreeable to your
taste.
Interviewer: Thank you very much. I think it was a very useful conversation, and don’t forget, your home is
your castle.

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Listening 5.1 (track 16)

Mike: Do you know how to buy online?

Jim: Yes. It is very much the same as you would shop normally. You have a shopping basket. You select items
to put in the basket, and then you go to the checkout and pay! The biggest difference is that it is all done with the
click of a mouse.
Mike: You seem to be a regular online customer, aren’t you?
Jim: Yes, you are right. And what about you?
Mike: I’m not keen on online shopping, but sometimes I make online orders. Can you remember the first time
you bought something online?
Jim: Sure. It was many years ago. I think I was among the first ones. I still remember when the first online shops
appeared; eager analysts forecasted a day when people would sit around all day in their pyjamas, relying on
their computers to order everything from dog food to groceries.
Mike: I think we mustn’t take these predictions seriously. Remember the same prediction with the Internet.
When it started to spread, there was a utopia about a man sitting in a dim room surrounded by many screens,
working, chatting and shopping at the same time. It’s true that online stores have become an established part of
the retailing world but those early predictions appear unlikely to ever happen. And why do you shop online?
Jim: First of all because it’s very convenient. I mean, all I have to do is to sit in front of the screen and click on
the article I need while sipping my coffee. You can shop from the comfort of your own home. If it’s hot outside,
you don’t have to go out in the heat. If you don’t feel like getting dressed, you can wear your pyjamas. If there is
a foot of snow on the roads and you can’t get out, you can still shop. It’s really easy and comfortable. If you
don’t feel well, this is definitely the way to shop.
Mike: But I think there is something in walking into a physical store and being able to see, touch, and ask
questions about a product. You can’t try on clothes online, for example. I think you face the same difficulties
when shopping from a catalogue. Clothes will probably look much better on the model than on you. In a store
you can see the colours, feel the material. If you enter a shop you can see many more items at a glance. If you
know what you want to buy you can find it faster online but if you only have a general idea of what to buy, it can
take much longer to shop online.
Jim: As for the time, I have to disagree with you. It takes only a few minutes to buy everything you need. If you
think about the location of supermarkets, they are out of the city centre. It means you have to drive out of the
city. I think this takes more time than the whole process of buying online. Let alone the cost of the petrol. You
can save on transportation cost. It is also a greener way of shopping. Computers emit little or no fumes. What’s
more, no lines to wait in, nor cranky people to deal with.
Mike: Yes, queuing. I have nightmares about it, especially in the summer heat without air conditioning. It’s true
you can save some time because you don’t have to use your car but don’t forget that you have to wait for the
delivery. Sometimes it takes a very long time. Returns are also more difficult. Once I bought a phone and it was
faulty. So, I put it back into the box with the receipt, took it to the post office and sent it back. The entire process
takes 10-14 days.
Jim: But the same can happen in a simple shop as well. You have to go back many times if your complaint is not
recognised. It happened with me. It took almost a month to handle the case.
Mike: But at least I have a guarantee if I buy something in a shop. Warranties mean nothing if the store has
gone bankrupt. They seem to be here one minute and bankrupt the next.
Jim: And what about the prices? Do you think online-shopping is cheaper or more expensive?
Mike: I don’t think there’s a big difference.
Jim: But if you buy online you don’t have to pay many costs. I mean there is no real shop behind the products,
usually just a warehouse, so it makes the products cheaper. Sometimes there is 20-30 per cent difference in price.
I think it’s really significant.
Mike: But you are forgetting the shipping and handling costs. They can be astronomical. Once I wanted to buy
a TV online. It was on sale for £99. However, after shipping was added, the cost came to £169. It’s ridiculous.
Altogether it was cheaper to buy it from a store.
Jim: You have to be careful with the sales but there are lots of online shops with very attractive delivery prices.
Mike: We haven’t talked about another important issue. Security. When shopping online, bank cards are the
preferred method of payment. We surly have heard about stolen credit card numbers. How safe do you think
shopping online is?
Jim: I agree with you that it can be dangerous, but there are some rules you should bear in mind so you can
minimize the risk. First and foremost, you should buy only from secure sites. There are many ways you can
make certain of using safe sites.

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Listening 5.2 (track 17)

1. Excuse me, I asked for this with ice, but no lemon.

2. I’m afraid I asked for it well-done, but this steak is rare.
3. Look at this top, there’s a big tear in the sleeve!
4. You said there was just a small problem with the ignition, but you’ve charged me for new plugs and brake
pads.
5. I switched on my new LCD TV and I saw that there are many bad pixels. I want to replace it.
6. I bought an unassembled chest of drawers here yesterday. I can’t finish putting it together. There’s a piece
missing.

Listening 5.3 (track 18)

Speaker 1
I purchased an LCD HDTV with a four-year extended warranty as a Christmas present. When I opened the
package, I found the screen broken. Two days later, my husband and I drove 2 hours to take the TV back to the
shop and waited 30 minutes to find out they could not exchange a shattered LCD TV. We waited another hour
to speak to the general manager of the store. He basically said we broke the TV because the box had no physical
damage. He said the store opens boxes and inspects the TVs before they are given to customers. While waiting
to speak to him, a customer service representative told another customer they are not allowed to open boxes. She
also stated that several other customers came into the store that day with the same problem and she could not do
anything about the damaged TVs. As I heard there were other customers with the same problem as me, then
maybe the TVs were damaged in the factory or in transit to the store. I was highly offended that I had basically
been accused of damaging the TV. I’m an honest person and if the TV had been damaged in my possession, then
I would have had no problem in paying for it. I was really disappointed that the store could not settle the
problem.

Speaker 2
We rented a car from Monday ‘till Thursday and put only 30 miles on it. The car was picked up by the car rental
company from my husband's place of work. At the time of pick-up no one contacted my husband to look over
the car, it was just taken away from the parking lot. Later a message was left on our answering machine stating
Enterprise had found a "stone chip" in the windshield and we were responsible for the damage. We went to see
the damage and were told the car had been repaired with a new windshield and re-rented. All this in less than 4
hours. Surprising, isn’t it? With no proof, we are being forced to pay for damage we did not do. The person who
picked up the car was unavailable to speak to and 2 hours had passed between the time of pick-up and the phone
call to our home. Also, if they had called my husband at work he would have immediately gone to the company
to inspect the damage. How can a company do this to a consumer?

Speaker 3
I bought a pair of gladiator sandals in January. It's not like I rushed to wear them so they sat in my closet for 5
months before I wore them in my home for all of 15 minutes. Three weeks later I put them on again and I
noticed that one heel was loose, so I took the sandal off, looked at it but didn't see anything. I put it back on and
within about 20 minutes the entire heel came apart from the rest of the sandal. I called the shop and they told me
I was lucky because I had a 6 month guarantee to take it back to the shop. So I took it back. First, they sent it to
be inspected to see if it was my fault or faulty material which caused the problem. It took almost 3 weeks. The
inspection found it was a faulty product and couldn’t be fixed. They offered me a 10 percent discount to buy
something else in one of their shops. They were very kind and helpful. I chose a pair of elegant high-heeled
shoes. I intended to wear them to fancy parties or balls. I shoved them into my closet. Three months later I wore
them to a party. So guess what happened at the first dance? One of the heels broke off. Now I’m waiting for the
results of another inspection.

Listening 6.1 (track 19)

Tom: Maria, you lived in Britain for 10 months and you did a grounded study on British cuisine.
Maria: Yes I did. Actually, I spent 11 months there and I just took an interest in British cuisine. I’m interested in
gastronomy and I thought I would seize the opportunity and immerse in their eating habits.

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Tom: And did you lose or gain some weight during your stay there?
Maria: I lost some. It was the best slimming diet in my life.
Tom: Really? I thought English dishes are fattening, aren’t they?
Maria: If you can eat them, definitely, but I think Britain and good food are two things which are not commonly
associated. There is one thing that most of the visitors, including me, would agree with - the food is terrible.
Tom: I can’t believe it’s so bad!
Maria: It’s very difficult to find good British food. Only one percent of restaurants serve British food and they
tend to be either very expensive and found in luxurious hotels, or cheap and nasty, in cafés, canteens and other
restaurants.
Tom: I’ve heard that if you desire a good English dish, pubs are the best places to go.
Maria: Yes, absolutely. These places are also called gastropubs, or public houses. They are very unique. Britain
would be a less sociable country without them. You can find a good display of typical English food. They have a
cosy and welcoming old-style interior. They serve meals at a high standard, to match good restaurants standards.
Gastropubs concentrate on the quality of food.
Tom: And why do you think English cuisine has such a bad reputation?
Maria: That’s interesting. One reason, I think, is that British taste is very different from everybody else’s.
However, the most common complaint is not so much that British food has a strange, unpleasant taste, but rather
that it has very little taste at all. It is all too bland.
Tom: We also hear that modern British cuisine is actually a jumble of international dishes. What’s the truth in
it?
Maria: Well, British cuisine has always been multicultural. It borrowed a lot from international cuisine. There
are many similarities to French, Spanish and German food. Presently, Indian food, which is spicy, has become a
favourite with British people. You can also find many Chinese restaurants. They serve lunch-time snacks,
steamed or deep-fried dumplings, with either savoury or sweet fillings. Chinese and Indian restaurants are facing
strong competition from Thai restaurants.
Tom: And what remained from traditional British cooking and food? What about the world famous English
breakfast?
Maria: Yes, the full English breakfast. They still have it in its traditional form! Of course it’s eaten at breakfast,
but now often served at other times of the day too. The two classic components are bacon and eggs but it doesn’t
stop there. Black pudding, other sausages, baked beans, kippers and other foods are added. It’s a hearty, kind of
stick-to-your-ribs meal. And we mustn’t forget the essential big mug of strong black tea.
Tom: To tell you the truth, it sounds terrible! Who can eat all this for breakfast?
Maria: Not me! I’m fine with my buttered toast and coffee in the morning. I don’t think this kind of breakfast is
widespread on every household’s table every morning. Maybe at weekends they still eat this full breakfast but
it’s rather for foreign visitors, served mainly in hotels. A bowl of cornflakes, muesli or other cereal with a cup of
tea, marmalade and buttered toast is more common these days.
Tom: Tea is everywhere as I’ve heard.
Maria: Asking for coffee with your breakfast in the UK is a big no-no. British cuisine leans heavily on tea. Tea
is served with any meal and any time in between. It doesn’t matter what the problem is, for the British the
answer is always the same: Let’s have a nice cup of tea!
Tom: and what is traditional British tea like?
Maria: I would use the word strange as everything there. It’s the so-called Builder’s tea - strong black tea served
with lots of milk and often two spoonfuls of sugar, usually in a mug. It is for the working class and tea breaks are
an essential part of any day. There is a more formal, refined tea ceremony though which even has a special
ritual. In recent years, herbal teas and speciality teas have also become popular. Teatime takes place in the late
afternoon. Tea is often accompanied with some biscuits or scones.
Tom: It sounds interesting. And what about coffee? Do they have it?
Maria: Yes, it’s more and more popular but it cannot surpass the popularity of tea. But frankly, it’s horrible.
They just drink it for caffeine and not for its delicate taste. Supermarkets offer a wide range of instant coffee, far
more than any other country. They are much more popular than percolated coffees.
Tom: Let me ask some further questions about meals. How many meals a day do they have and what does a
typical lunch consist of?
Maria: Contrary to many countries, lunch is not the main meal of the day on weekdays. They have something
light, usually convenience food that you have to heat up in the microwave for a few minutes and it’s ready to
consume. On Sunday it’s very different. British Sunday dinner served at lunchtime is also known as Sunday
roast and is the very heart of British food and cooking. It is the time for families or friends to get together and
share good food. A traditional British Sunday dinner is a roast – beef at the top of the list, but pork, lamb or

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chicken are also popular, with Yorkshire pudding, gravy, vegetables and a dessert pudding in the cold months
and another kind of dessert in the summer.
Tom: Is it true that British people have a sweet tooth?
Maria: Yes, very much, a meal is not complete without some kind of dessert. Sweet things as snacks are very
popular. Chocolate is the most popular sweet snack. There are many kinds of cooked desserts. Steamed, boiled
and baked puddings. One of the most famous desserts is trifle. It is made of custard, fruit, sponge cake and
whipped cream. Sometimes some cherries are added.
Tom: And what are some other traditional English dishes?
Maria: For example, Bubble and Squeak is made with leftover vegetables from a roast dinner. The main
ingredients are potatoes and cabbage but other vegetables such as carrots, peas, and Brussels sprouts can be
added. Fish and chips is still very popular as a takeaway. It consists of deep-fried fish, traditionally cod or
haddock, in batter or breadcrumbs with deep-fried chopped potatoes.
Tom: Thanks, this information was interesting. Now I know what I can expect to eat when I’ll go to England.

Listening 6.2 (track 20)

Spaghetti Bolognese
Heat the olive oil in a big saucepan and sauté the onion and garlic on medium heat ‘till cooked, keep stirring.
Increase the heat and add the minced beef. Stir continuously and fry it until it has browned. Crush the tomatoes
using a potato masher. Pour in the wine and add the mashed tomatoes and the paste. Stir in the oregano and
simmer for about 60 minutes. When the cooking time is up, add the fresh basil. Meanwhile, cook the pasta in a
big pot of boiling salted water. Drain and put it on plates. Scatter a little parmesan cheese over the pasta before
adding a ladleful of the Bolognese sauce.

Fisherman’s soup
Salt the fish fillets. Cook the cleaned small fish and rings of onion in enough water to cover them. Bring to a boil
and add the paprika. When tender, pass it through a sieve, then add enough water to the pot to obtain a thick
soup. Add the green peppers and the tomato. Place the fish fillets into the soup, salt, and simmer for another 20
or 30 minutes. Serve by carefully removing the fish fillets with a strainer and placing them in bowls, then ladle
the soup over them. The best fisherman’s soup is cooked in a cauldron over an open fire. Serve dried red pepper
on a separate plate along with the soup, or sprinkle the soup with rings of hot green peppers.

Scrambled eggs
Crack the eggs into a bowl. Add one teaspoon of milk, salt and pepper and beat the mixture for around 2
minutes. Heat a medium sized non-stick frying pan or saucepan over moderate heat. Once the pan is warm, melt
2 teaspoons of butter and pour in the beaten eggs. After, take a wooden spoon and begin to stir, taking care not
to burn the underside of the eggs or allowing them to stick to the bottom of the pan. You may add a little grated
cheese to the eggs as they are cooking. Another variation is to fry some chopped onions, mushrooms and ham in
the butter before adding the eggs. Serve with some buttered toast or as you prefer.

Listening 6.3 (track 21)

Healthy eating is not about strict nutritional philosophies or depriving yourself of the foods you love. Rather,
it’s about feeling great, having more energy, and keeping yourself as healthy as possible – all of which can be
achieved by learning some nutrition basics and using them in a way that works for you. Additionally, learning
the habits of healthy eating can improve your health by boosting your energy, sharpening your memory and
stabilizing your mood. Expand your range of healthy food choices and learn how to plan ahead to create and
maintain a satisfying, healthy diet. Now here are some tips for you for your healthy diet.

Tip number 1 : Set yourself up for success

To set yourself up for success, think about planning a healthy diet as a number of small, manageable steps rather
than one big drastic change. If you approach the changes gradually, you will have a healthy diet sooner than you
think. Changing everything at once usually leads to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. Make small
steps, like adding a salad to your diet once a day or switching from butter to olive oil when cooking. As your
small changes become habits, you can continue to add healthier choices to your diet.

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Tip number 2: Moderation is the key
As you reduce the amount of food you eat, use smaller plates to keep your meals from looking skimpy. Begin a
couple of meals each week with an apple or a cup of soup. Either will help curb your appetite. Watch out for
the portion-size trap. The sizes of meals in restaurants have grown enormously over recent years. Remember that
you don’t need to eat it all. When dining out, choose a starter instead of an entrée, split a dish with a friend, and
don’t order supersized anything. Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, but limit your choices of everything else,
especially snacks.

Tip number 3: It's not just what you eat, it's how you eat
Healthy eating is about more than the food on your plate - it is also about how you think about food. Eating with
other people has numerous social and emotional benefits. Eating in front of the TV or computer often leads to
mindless overeating. Chew your food slowly. We tend to rush through our meals, forgetting to actually taste the
flavours.

Tip number 4: Fill up on colorful fruits and vegetables

Fruits and vegetables are the foundation of a healthy diet—they are low in calories and nutrient dense, which
means they are full of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and fibre. The antioxidants and other nutrients in fruits
and vegetables help protect against certain types of cancer and other diseases. Greens are packed with vitamins
and minerals, and they help strengthen the circulatory and respiratory systems. Naturally sweet vegetables add
healthy sweetness to your meals and reduce your cravings for other sweets. What you have to avoid is fruit juice,
which can contain up to ten teaspoons of sugar per cup. Canned fruit is often in sugary syrup, and dried fruit can
be high in calories.

Tip number 5: Eat more healthy carbs and whole grains

Choose healthy carbohydrates and fibre sources, especially whole grains, for long lasting energy. In addition to
being delicious and satisfying, whole grains are rich in antioxidants, which help to protect against some diseases,
like coronary heart disease and certain cancers, and diabetes. Studies have shown people who eat more whole
grains tend to have healthier hearts.

Tip number 6: Drink more water

Water makes up about 75% of our bodies and helps flush our systems of waste products and toxins. Yet many
people go through life dehydrated - causing tiredness, low energy and headaches.
Caffeinated beverages, in particular, actually cause the body to lose water. Fresh fruits and vegetables, on the
other hand, contain plenty of water and can help with hydration, especially when you are looking for an
alternative to your eighth glass of water for the day. And don’t forget, beverages contain lots of sugar and they
cannot replace water.

So by following these simple tips, you can have a much healthier, longer and happier life!

Listening 6.4 (track 22)

1.
It is an inflammation of the glands of the throat. It is an infection either caused by a virus or bacteria. Most
types are contagious. It has many symptoms and can vary for each person. The main symptoms are severe sore
throat and high fever. It hurts a lot when you swallow. An earache and headache are also typical symptoms. The
pain can be very sharp and throbbing. Symptoms like stomach ache, loss of appetite and vomiting are not widely
known but you can experience difficulty breathing. It is easy to cure. If it is caused by a virus, the body will fight
off the infection on its own. If it's caused by bacteria, the doctor probably will prescribe an antibiotic.

2.
It is an inflammation of the lung caused by an infection. If you get this illness, at the beginning you have
symptoms of a cold, like sneezing, sore throat. Then it is followed by a high fever with shivering. You
experience chest pain - sharp, stabbing, either experienced during deep breathing or coughing. You have a
headache, loss of appetite, fatigue and nausea. In some cases you can have problems with oxygen supply, so you
feel a shortness of breath. Your skin colour can change and become purplish. People with lung and heart disease
are at higher risk for developing this illness.

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3.
The blockage of an artery in the brain by a clot is the most common cause of it. The signs and symptoms vary
from person to person, but they usually begin suddenly. As different parts of your brain control different parts of
your body, your symptoms will depend upon the part of your brain that has been affected and the extent of the
damage. The most typical symptoms are: sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arms or legs, especially on
one side of the body, dizziness, communication problems, and difficulty talking and understanding what others
are saying. Problems with balance and coordination, in severe cases, loss of consciousness.

Listening 6.5 (track 23)

Presenter: What would you do if your world fell apart? One month after getting married and full of plans, 32-
year-old Cami Walker was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. She found herself in hospital. She couldn’t see
with her right eye and she could barely move her hands. Feeling depressed, Cami called a friend for support but
instead she got an unusual prescription. Stop thinking about yourself, and start giving 29 gifts in 29 days. Cami
Walker is the author of the book 29 Gifts. How a Month of Giving Can Change your Life. Cami, Good morning
to you.
Cami: Thank you.
Presenter: When I read your story I found it unbelievable. Just by giving, you can change your life. So let’s go
back to 2006 when you were diagnosed with MS. You were 32 years old, just married. How quickly did the
disease have an impact on your life?
Cami: It progressed really fast. Two years after my diagnosis I had a problem with walking; my marriage was
under a lot of strains because my husband was taking care of me all the time and I was in a lot of pain. I was too
sick to work. I'd been in the hospital five times in three months, so I was in a deep depression.
Presenter: And in your lowest moment you called a friend. You were looking for some sympathy but you got
something very different. Tell me about that conversation.
Cami: Well, she is actually a spiritual adviser of mine, so not just a friend. She is an African medicine woman. I
started talking to her about my problem and she interrupted me and said you have to stop focusing on your
problem. And she said she had a prescription for me. She predicted it would help me to get rid of my negative
thoughts that revolved around my illness.
Presenter: And this was 29 gifts in 29 days. What was your initial reaction?
Cami: I thought that was just crazy. I didn’t understand how giving could help me feel better. First, I put this
idea aside, but things were even worse and I was willing to try anything. I just woke up one night because the
pain was so strong. So, I decided in that moment that I was going to go ahead and do it. I gave my first gift that
morning, which was just a supportive phone call to another friend.
Presenter: Then you began to feel changes?
Cami: Yes, I did. I experienced a change in the quality of my thinking. I started to focus on what opportunities I
might find to give every day when I get up. By the midpoint, around day 13, my life was much better, and I was
so inspired that I decided to launch a website and send out an email to some of my friends, and I said, "Hey, I've
been doing this interesting thing where you give away 29 gifts in 29 days, and it's really helping me. You should
try it." A week later 120 people had signed up. And now, we have over 5000 members on the website. So, that's
how this all started.
Presenter: And what are the things that people can give?
Cami: You can give anything to anyone. If it's a material thing, we like to encourage you to re-gift items that
you own. So, go through your book collection and take books to the library, or pass them on to someone in the
street, or whatever. Some people, for example, made 29 snack packs and then took them out and gave them to
people who were hungry, or to food shelters.
Presenter: And what about non-material things?
Cami: They can be things like doing something nice for someone, or volunteering some time. I'm a marketing
consultant, so a lot of times what I've done is give away small amounts of free consulting time to people who
couldn't afford to pay me. The gift can be for someone that you know or it can also be for a stranger.
Presenter: What is the most favourite gift that you have ever given?
Cami: There are a lot of gifts that I've enjoyed. I really enjoyed giving flowers. I decided to go and buy four
dozen roses. I went out to a really busy street corner and gave away all these roses to strangers. That was
awesome.
Presenter: And how has this treatment changed you?

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Cami: When I started doing this, I literally couldn't walk. I was very, very ill. And, by the 13th day of giving I
was actually back on my feet and walking without a cane.
Presenter: You must have been very happy.
Cami: Yes, getting my health back has been a huge gift, for sure. My relationship with my husband has
dramatically improved. A lot of wonderful things have happened in my life. I don't claim this cured my disease. I
take medication and I live a very healthy life. But all that depression, pain and fatigue have gone now. I wake up
every day happy and excited. I can't help but believe there's a connection here.
Presenter: It seems to be a very powerful prescription. So, on behalf of all my colleagues, let me give you a
bunch of flowers.
Cami: Oh, thank you. I will give these flowers to people outside. I actually have a gift for you too.
Presenter: Oh, thank you very much Cami.

Listening 7.1 (track 24)

Todd: So, my first obvious question is what kind of sport do you usually do?
Janet: Well, I think I’m a sporty person. I do yoga, go swimming, go jogging and sometimes I do aerobics. And
what about you? Are you a zealous sportsman who pursues sport in all his available free time?
Todd: To tell you the truth, yes I am. No I’m just kidding. When I was younger, I mean a teenager, I used to do
plenty of sports. I tried almost everything.- water-polo, basketball, and football of course. Once I even went rock
climbing and I broke my wrist. I never did it again. It was very adventurous. As time was getting on I grew out
of sports. But one sport has a secret place in my heart. Guess what it is?
Janet: Oh I know you well, it must be football!
Todd: Yes, yes it is football. It is my love for a lifetime. As I see you rather like individual sports. Yoga and
swimming are in this category.
Janet: Well, you are right, I prefer solitary sports. I have always loved them. But you support the other side,
don’t you?
Todd: Yes, I am not keen on individual sports.
Janet: And what is it about team sports that you like?
Todd: Er, there's something about team sports. It's such fun. Like you have camaraderie. You have friendship,
you know, like you share the thrill of victory or you share, you know, when you lose, the pain of the loss. I just
love that. So it is the community aspect of team sport. You have people to train with and measure yourself
against. When you do something individually, you just don't have that.
Janet: Definitely, you don’t have it. But when I do sports I'm very competitive, so when I get into a group, that
is full of my friends I sometimes feel furious when we lose. I hate losing. It’s true the atmosphere is excellent,
but I don’t like the fact that I have to rely on my group mates.
Todd: It’s interesting how different we are. I am much more competitive in a team. This helps me to push
myself further, to push beyond my limits. The others motivate me. There is always a sense of group spirit and
teammates tend to encourage one another to achieve their absolute best. You have just told me an interesting
thing. You are sometimes furious when you lose. In that case, do you put the blame on your teammates?
Janet: To be honest, yes. Maybe I am too competitive but I cannot cope with the thought that I lose because
somebody cannot do his best. If I am alone, I know there is no one to blame but myself.
Todd: Yes, as for responsibilities in team sports, they are equally shared out between all members of the team.
That way, if one player is off form, then failure is not inevitable. I can recall many football matches where I
couldn’t do my best but the team won. Of course I wasn’t proud of my performance but at the next match I could
compensate my team with a brilliant game.
Janet: Another advantage of individual sport is that you can just go out and do it whenever you want, without
having to wait for others. If you are a runner and want to go running, you can just pull on your trainers and get
going. Likewise, if you are a swimmer, you can head to the pool. You do not have to wait for a training session
or worry about getting a team together to play with.
Todd: You are right, it is much easier to do sport alone; I mean sometimes it is very complicated to organize a
session. If you want to play football, you need two teams and for two teams you need many people.
Janet: And what about skills? Do you think you need different skills for team sports than individual ones?
Todd: Good question. I think if you have certain physical skills, like being strong and fast, doesn’t depend on
team or solitary sport. You are fast in a team and alone as well.
Janet: I must agree. It is social skills, such as teamwork and leadership, which can determine whether you are a
team sport or an individual sport kind of person.

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Listening 7.2 (track 25)

Interviewer: In today’s edition of Sports Showcase we are talking to 20-year-old Susan Harris, one of the
country’s rising stars in the fast-growing sport of snowboarding. How long have you been into snowboarding,
Susan?
Susan: As I remember, I first did it when I was on holiday with my parents. When I was younger, I used to go
skiing every year with them and then one year I tried snowboarding, and I haven’t skied since then. That was
five years ago.
Interviewer: And, why did you change your skies to a board?
Susan: Well, I didn’t have any special reasons. I went to a ski camp with my parents. I enjoyed skiing and I was
pretty good at it, not outstandingly good but I had a talent and my parents always told me I had a future in it. But
then one day I was just watching those guys sliding down the slope doing incredible tricks like 180, rock-n-roll
grinds and so on. It was breathtaking, so elegant. They were riding the slopes with ease. Next day I decided to
give it a try and I haven’t strapped my feet out since then. So, that’s how it started.
Interviewer: And was it difficult to ride the slopes with different equipment on your feet?
Susan: Not so difficult but I had some problems acclimatizing myself to the snowboard. You know the biggest
difference is that in skiing you can use both of your legs independently, but on the snowboard both of your legs
are fastened to the board. It requires different movements and balance. Interviewer: As far as I know, there are
many styles in snowboarding? Which one do you pursue?
Susan: Yes, you are right, there are various styles, each with its own equipment and technique. The most
common styles are free ride, freestyle and race, just to give a few examples. I usually practise freestyle.
Interviewer: And what are the differences?
Susan: In freestyle, we use different terrain features such as rails, boxes, jumps. It includes mostly aerial-like
spins, flips. It is the most popular style in the snowboard industry. It is all about the tricks. Another style is free
ride, it is the real extreme snowboarding. There are no restrictions, it is said to be the soul of snowboarding. It
gives you the freedom to ride. You are in nature and use what mountains offer.
Interviewer: Would you say that there are any particular qualities or strengths you need to have to be a
snowboarder?
Susan: Well, co-ordination first of all, and balance of course, but you don’t have to be born with them. If you
practise for a few days, you’ll get it anyway, even if you are not naturally sporty. Some basic skills are very
important but I think it’s not impossible to acquire them with regular practise within a short span of time. You
have to be well prepared and well trained.
Interviewer: And have you ever had any nasty falls?
Susan: Yes, unfortunately it’s inevitable. When you are getting better and better you try to push yourself
beyond your limits. Of course it involves more danger and bigger falls. I hurt my back a few years ago on a dry
slope. I was doing a jump and I fell really badly, but I didn’t break anything. So far I’ve been really lucky, unlike
my friends, who’ve all had bad injuries. Broken limbs, those kinds of things. No doubt I cannot avoid fate and
I’ll break an arm or a leg soon! It’s just a question of time.
Interviewer: I hope it’s not gonna happen. You are a woman in a world where mainly men dominate. How
many girls are there compared to guys who snowboard?
Susan: I wouldn’t say this sport is exclusively for men. There are more guys, that’s for sure. When first I started
snowboarding you hardly ever saw any girls, but now there are loads of them. Not as many as guys, but almost.
Interviewer: Is it true that you don’t really get paid?
Susan: No, I get a few hundred pounds from some of my sponsors just to help me to pay for my lift pass. They
also give me a few boards a year and then, you know, when I get photos published in a magazine when I’m on a
board, it’s basically a free advert for the company. So, all of my equipment is given to me and that’s very useful
of course. I can also get some money if I take a good position at a competition. I have been on the podium a few
times and I won a big sum of money but it’s hardly enough to make ends meet. If I am able to gain good
positions in the future, I will be able to establish financial security. And if you win, you raise other sponsors
attention and they invest more money in you. That’s how it works.
Interviewer: What sort of advice would you give to a girl who wants to take up snowboarding?
Susan: First of all, wrap yourself up warm because it can get quite cold out there. And if you can’t get out to
the Alps, try going to a local dry slope, where you can get lessons and hire equipment, or you could try a snow
dome, which is like a big indoor fridge with real snow, and practice from dawn to dusk. That’s the most
important. You have to be a fanatic if you want to reach something in this sport.
Interviewer: We hear you’ve been doing some modelling work as well. Is that right?

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Susan: Yes I have. I was on a cover of a fashion magazine a couple of months ago and I’m hopefully going to
get some more work because of that. I enjoyed it very much. Apart from snowboarding, modelling was another
childhood dream. It could be useful for the future.
Interviewer: You might go on to become a full-time model?
Susan: Who knows? If my luck runs out with the snowboarding, then why not?
Interviewer: Well, good luck with snowboarding and we’ll certainly be looking for you on the catwalk.

Listening 8.1 (track 26)

Sam
I think the Internet has utterly changed our reading habits. People want to read things faster, easier or don’t want
to read at all. People want to skim articles, as fast as possible so that they can get to the next website. They are in
a hurry. With many couples both working, and taking care of the kids, millions of people don't have time to read
books. We have to clean the house, make dinner every night. Therefore millions of people turn to the Internet
everyday to access the info they want. Suddenly it seems the entire world has changed their reading habits. Book
sales are down, and Internet usage is up.

Janet
Connecting to the Internet to access your information is a lot easier then reading the newspaper, or reading a
book. All you have to do is find several websites, read the information as quickly as possible and you can find
out the information you desire. If you want to get a book, all you have to do is to click on download and a few
seconds later you can read the book. I think it’s very convenient.

Rafael
Reading habits have been changed by the Internet. People aren't buying many newspapers or magazines
anymore, why should we buy a book, newspaper or magazine when we can get it for almost free on the Internet?
Downloading an e-book is very cheap or sometimes free. No cost of publishing, storing, printing, etc.

Tom:
I would like to approach the question from an environmental point of view. Books and newspapers are printed
on paper. I guess it is well known that for making paper we have to cut down lots of trees. If everybody read e-
books on the Internet, deforestation would decrease and we could preserve trees and forests for the future
generations.

Alia:
I have plenty of books lying on the shelves at home. Actually half of my living room is taken up by bookshelves.
I certainly like traditional books but since I read my first e-book, I haven’t bought any. I don’t have to spend a
fortune every time I want to read a new book and to be honest, I wouldn’t have enough space for that. E-books
are very easy to store. You just need some space on your hard drive.

Evelyn:
The Internet has all the information you want right at your fingertips. It is fast, easy and often fun. You can
make instant comments for millions of people to read while reading a newspaper. Certainly you can do a large
degree of reading every day. You can get the information you want, not what is decided for you. You will also
get more updated information than you would by reading a magazine or a newspaper. You can even start your
own interactive blog, or website and read other people's comments when you desire. You can't do any of that
with a book, a magazine or a newspaper.
Listening 8.2 (track 27)

Interviewer: Today we are talking about some of the extraordinary changes in the music industry over the last
fifty years. My guest is Daniel Jones who is a music historian and expert on the subject. These changes may
affect anyone who is interested in music – and well, I think that means everybody! Welcome Daniel.
Expert: Thank you.
Interviewer: First, could you tell us how you first got involved in popular music?
Expert: Well, I have always liked music and I used to buy loads of singles when I was a teenager. I spent all of
my pocket money on CDs. But I suppose it was Abba who got me into the history of it all. I used to like them in
the 70s and then recently, their music has become really popular again in new adaptations. I find them

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fascinating. Even Madonna has used Abba’s music in her own stuff. I have to add here, that was the second time
Abba had ever let anybody use one of their tracks. Madonna’s song Hung up is based on Abba’s Gimme Gimme
Gimme. She had begged Abba for permission to use their music.
Interviewer: Yes, Abba was a big hit this summer. The Mamma Mia musical film was a blockbuster. It was
extremely popular, wasn’t it?
Expert: That’s right. The musical is all based around Abba’s music and it raised people’s interest in the group
again. Obviously they don’t actually play together as a group anymore, but there are a number of tribute bands,
who do concerts. They sound and look like the original bands.
Interviewer: You mentioned that you used to buy singles. It must be very different now. I mean nobody buys
singles anymore.
Expert: Well, no..everything has shifted over to downloads. The biggest change took place around 2005 or
2006. It all started with the song Crazy by Gnarls Barkley.
Interviewer: Yes, I remember. It was a very successful song.
Expert: So, it was the first song in the UK to reach number one on the charts that was based on download sales
alone. You couldn’t buy the song in shops. For the first weeks after it was released it was only available as a
download. In the first week it shot to number one.
Interviewer: That recalls some memories about a Scottish singer, Sandi Thom. Do you think it’s true that she
became a star without ever leaving her own house?
Expert: Yes, it’s really true. It’s just another case where the influence of the Internet has been huge. She had
some problems with her music recording company and the release of her debut album was delayed. She couldn’t
afford to go on tour or pay for her own promotion so she came up with a very unique idea. She installed a
webcam in the basement of her house and broadcast live music concerts via the Internet.
Interviewer: How successful was it?
Expert: Incredibly, successful. Her “tour” consisted of 21 performances. On the first day she had an audience of
around 60 or 70 people and at its peak rose to a claimed 70,000. As I heard, the idea popped into her head after
her car broke down travelling from a gig to Wales.
Interviewer: Well, that sounds like it was a very good idea.
Expert: Yes, she got what she really wanted which was a million-pound recording contract with one of the
biggest recording companies, Sony.
Interviewer: And what do you think about the future of the music industry?
Expert: It strikes me as being ironic that a new technology, digital music, may have accidentally forced record
labels to abandon releasing albums and return to the past, selling singles. I sometimes think that the biggest
mistake the record industry ever made was abandoning the pop single in the first place. Customers were forced
to buy albums to get the one or two songs they loved; how many albums can you say that you truly love, or love
even 50% of the songs — 10? 20? But now the people have spoken: they want one song at a time.
Interviewer: I entirely agree with that. I have been disappointed so many times when after hearing a great hit I
bought the CD and the only track that was worth listening to was that one.
Expert: Unfortunately that led to a war between music companies and illegal downloads. People just download
one particular piece of music without paying for it. I think that’s why selling singles for a cheap price would be
the best solution against illegal downloads. Why take the risk if you can get it for almost free?
Interviewer: I hope you are right. It could completely change the music industry. Thank you very much Daniel,
for coming in to talk to us today.

Listening 8.3 (track 28)

Nicole: In today’s interview, we’re talking to a special effects technician who participated in the making of
many famous blockbusters. Welcome Stan.
Stan: Hello Nicole.
Nicole: You are very famous for your creature designs, in films like Aliens, Predator and the Terminator.
You’ve often been quoted as saying that the challenge is in giving the audience something they haven’t seen
before.
Stan: Yes, it’s very important to me to find a way to do something new, that hasn’t been done before. For
example, to create a character that is new and fresh. If we’re doing what we did yesterday it would be boring for
everybody and for me too. I feel I have to do something that is challenging.
Nicole: I’ve heard you saying you don’t see yourself as a special-effects technician, although you are said to be
the best. So, how is it exactly?

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Stan: Yes, you’re right. I don’t consider myself to be a special-effects man. I’m actually techno-ignorant,
although I own and operate one of the most advanced companies. I use all of the technology at hand, but it’s not
for the purpose of special effects, it’s for the purpose of creating characters. Every time there’s been a fantastic
character that has either been created by an actor in make-up, or an effect, it’s always been about that character –
it’s never been about the technology.
Nicole: You started your career as an actor, didn’t you?
Stan: Yes, I came out here as an actor, which has influenced my entire career. I have also been a fan of science
fiction, fantasy movies my entire life – from King Kong to The Wizard of Oz. Anything that had fanciful or
fantastic dramatic characters in it. I failed as an actor, even though at the same time I was a fine arts major in
college.
Nicole: And how did it all start?
Stan: Well, I decided to take up an apprenticeship as a make-up artist, which would allow me to use my artistic
skills. I’ve always wanted to create fantastic characters that tell fantastic stories and the methods that I use to do
that can be as simple as a make-up on an actor to as extensive as the robot dinosaur that is in Jurassic Park. That
dinosaur, for me, is not an effect; it’s an actor, a character.
Nicole: And what you have available is what you use to create a character?
Stan: Also, to create what I don’t have available. In my studio we’ve broken ground through the years, and so
what we have done, in the world of ‘Special Effects’ is ground-breaking. If you are going to be a part of the
filmmaking business, you must understand the priorities of what makes a good movie.
Nicole: And what are these priorities?
Stan: There are three of these that run parallel to each other. Firstly, there is nothing more important than the
script and the story. If you are not telling an interesting story, it’s going to be a forgettable movie. The
characters, the actors that are telling that story have a significant importance. Stories are about characters.
Characters tell the story. So, a wonderful story told by dramatic and wonderful characters, directed by a creative
director who understands how it all has to come together. Without the director everything is chaos.
Nicole: So you think special effects are not so important?
Stan: The fact is that movies are not about effects. Effects are tools that are used to tell the story. I use those
effects to help create characters that help tell the story.
Nicole: How do you feel then about films where effects, whatever their nature, are foregrounded?
Stan: Well, it is complicated. With effects only you cannot make a good film. For example, The Lord of the
Rings is probably the most well-read book and one of the most universal stories since the writing of the Bible.
The performances in Lord of the Rings were wonderful and the direction by Peter Jackson was brilliant. Now, in
order to tell that story, they needed to create a world we’ve never seen, to create creatures we’ve never seen.
There was a need for special effects, but it wasn’t about special effects. On the contrary, I thought the first
Matrix was an extremely interesting story and used effects in ways that we had never seen before to tell one. I
think the second part, The Matrix Reloaded, is just a lot of effects without real story.
Nicole: I’m sure you have been asked many times, but aren’t we getting too effects-heavy?
Stan: No, not really. Bad filmmakers who don’t understand what a good story is or how to tell it will put a lot
of effects in something and it will still be a bad movie.
Nicole: Thank you very much and I wish you more and more challenging work for the future.
Stan: Thank you. I hope we will be able to keep enchanting audiences.

Listening 9.1 (track 29)

Presenter: First of all, let’s start with a guide for beginners on Facebook. It allows you to create an online
personal profile that other people can view. All you need is a valid e-mail address. You can enter as many
details as you like, including your birth date, your relationship status, where you went to school and even your
favourite books. You then start searching for people you know. If they’re already on the site you can ask them to
be your “friend”, but if not you can invite them to join Facebook and be your friend. While someone can look
you up and see who your friends are, they can’t access your profile unless you have approved them as a friend.
You can change your privacy settings to limit the information that people on the site can see. Friends can send
messages to each other, write on each other’s “walls”, personal message boards, buy virtual gifts and drinks, and
upload photographs and videos. Every time you log on you can view your “News Feed”, which alerts you to
what your friends have been doing on the site – groups joined, messages posted, new friends made, etc. But can
online friendships ruin real-life relationships? Some users of a very popular social networking site believe so –
and that’s why they’re taking drastic action. Stephanie Painter’s death was swift and painless. At 9.10pm on

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February 11 she bid her 121 Facebook friends goodbye with one last “poke” ,mood: sorrowful, then left the
virtual world peacefully with a quick click of the mouse.
Stephanie: It was hard to kill the profile I’d spent so long creating, but I felt it was the only way out. Facebook
was damaging my relationship with my boyfriend to such an extent that if I hadn’t done it we wouldn’t be
together now.
Presenter: Stephanie found that what had seemed like an innocent way of reconnecting with old friends and
colleagues, had in fact opened a huge can of worms.
Stephanie: Within a couple of months a number of ex-partners and people that I’d had random flings with were
asking to be my “friend” on Facebook. I didn’t feel I could decline them and I admit I was interested to know
what they were up to. It made my boyfriend, Danny, incredibly insecure. As one of my friends, he could view
my profile page, my list of friends and my ‘wall’, which is the area on which messages are posted. Reading my
ex’s flirty messages, however innocent, made him insanely jealous. In the end, Facebook was causing so many
arguments between us that I decided the best thing would be to log off forever. As soon as my Facebook profile
died, our relationship improved.
Presenter: Stephanie is not the only one who has committed what is being dubbed “Facebook suicide” among
the social networking site’s 31 million users. Although it’s impossible to estimate exactly how many people have
“deactivated”, there are a growing number of Facebook suicide groups on the site. One, the Facebook Mass
Suicide Club, encourages members to “cancel your account before it consumes you. Join this group so we can
do it together! ”
Started in 2004, Facebook is now one of the most used search engines in the world, with two million members in
the UK and 150,000 new people signing up every day. So why are people deciding to put a virtual noose around
their online necks?
Clare Missingham, 34, a yoga teacher, logged off forever a month ago when she realised how pointless her
online profile had become.
Clare: I’d already kept in touch with the friends I wanted to, so apart from communicating with a few people
overseas and some old acquaintances I didn’t really like, it wasn’t much use to me. It didn’t make me feel more
connected and I’d rather spend quality time with people in person than sit in front of a computer turning them
into vampires or buying them virtual presents, both are online applications you can add to your profile.
Presenter: Yet other users say they’ve ended their lives in the virtual world for far more prosaic reasons – so
that they can resume life in the real one. According to Facebook, users spend an average of 20 minutes a day on
the site although a survey found that others spend more than ten hours a week on virtual networking sites, the
equivalent of 24 days a year. Think how many pub lunches with real friends could be enjoyed in that time.

Based on an article from Time magazine, September 15, 2007

Listening 9.2 (track 30)

Because English is so widely spoken, it has often been referred to as a "world language", the lingua franca of
the modern era, and while it is not an official language in most countries, it is currently the language most often
taught as a foreign language. If you speak English you can speak with people from all over the world. First of all,
it is the main language of the media. Books, magazines, and newspapers written in English are available in
many countries around the world. English is the most commonly used language in the world of science. Most
films are in English and in most households at least some English channels are available. The main language of
the Internet is also English. Millions of people surf the net every day reading articles written in English, visiting
English sites. If you want to access to the latest information on all topics, such as health, politics, sports, and so
on, you need to be able to read in English.
Secondly, it is the most widely used language in music and literature. International music bands and singers
mainly sing in English and most publications are in English. On the radio, pop music carries the words of
English to almost every corner of the Earth.
Finally, English is the language of many governments and international organisations around the world. It is
also prominent in education, communication and business. Big and small businesses on a global scale
exchange emails in English to make communication easier.

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Listening 10.1 (track 31)

1. Tony
Well, I like almost any kind of holiday, but especially backpacking, camping, walking in the mountains, that
kind of thing, but this year we had a very different one. I had never been on something like that before. I don’t
like holiday resorts, I prefer somewhere off the beaten track. I like untouched places with breathtaking
landscapes with a little bit of excitement. So we went to a place which was next to a very rapid river that has
crystal-clear water. It was a little bit cold for the season but we didn’t mind. We stayed in a little cottage; it
wasn’t the most luxurious one but it was ok. After all, these kinds of holidays are not about comfort and luxury,
but about facing new challenges and the dangers of nature. The first day was horrible, I was terrified, but after
the first ride I enjoyed it very much. It is really great fun and I will never ever forget that trip. I hope I will do it
again!

2. Suzy
This year we wanted a bit of luxury and lazing around, so we surprised ourselves with this trip. It was definitely
among the most expensive vacations in the world but I can certainly say it was worth the money. We visited
many ports. The first was in Egypt, then came Greece and so on. The only thing I didn’t like was that we were
controlled too much. We had an exact schedule when to leave the boat and when to board. We could dine
whenever we wanted though and were able to have breakfast on the open deck. Unfortunately, I couldn’t enjoy
the first few days because of the rough sea. I was seasick and vomited many times but after 2 days I got better.
The crew was exceptionally good, all were smiling and eager to please. The service was generally far better than
you can find ashore in an equivalent hotel.

3. Sam
I like when everything is arranged for me. I do not have to spend time on finding accommodation, organizing
programmes. I like resorts and clubbing so I always go to a place where there is nightlife. The noisier the better,
you know. I usually go to bed at the crack of dawn and sleep until noon. In the afternoon I take part in
organized programmes like visiting spectacular places. I work a lot and hard so holidays are my only chance to
unwind. I generally book last-minute holidays and try to find the best deal. That’s what I’m going to do next year
too.

4. Peter
I was travelling alone. My original plan was to travel through Europe. I arrived at a small airport in Germany. I
found a cheap hostel where I stayed a night. Usually I stay in hostels because they are the cheapest type of
accommodation. I always have a camera with me and grab it whenever I see something interesting. I have large
photo collections from almost every part of the world. I couldn’t follow my original plan because I ran out of
money and time. I spent a lot more time in Germany. I like hitchhiking. I always meet lots of people on my way
but you have to be careful, there are many insane people on the roads. Luckily, most drivers take you on your
way with pleasure. At least they have somebody to talk to. I have no clue where I’m going next year but I’m sure
the only thing I’m going to take is myself and my bag as usual.

5. Sandra
Well, we have three young children so we have to choose a holiday with them in mind. Two years ago we went
on a package tour, but the children didn’t enjoy the hotel in the middle of a big city and the congestion. So we
decided to try something new. We joined my husband’s cousin and her family. We found a beautiful valley with
a lake in the middle. A perfect place for spending some time in nature. The scenery was awesome. We had a
great time there. We got away from everyday chores at home. We may have enjoyed it more than our children.
No schedules to keep, nothing to disturb you. We told scary stories around the camp fire and enjoyed each
other’s company. We will go back again next year.

Listening 10.2 (track 32)

Peter: Walt Disney World. A world of fantasy, a complete escape from reality and the most popular holiday
destination on Earth. Good morning everybody! I am Peter Thomas from Radio One and we continue our series
of special holiday destinations to give you ideas for the summer vacation. I am in the studio with Katie Andre,

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who has just come back from the world of magic, Florida’s Walt Disney World, and we are going to talk about
her experiences. So, welcome to the studio Katie.
Katie: Thanks. Good morning everybody.
Peter: Good morning Katie. So my first question is: Why did you choose Walt Disney as your holiday
destination? As far as I know, you haven’t got any children yet. Am I right?
Katie: You are right Peter. I’m single now. I have just broken up with my boyfriend and I was a little bit
depressed and I felt like doing something special this year to cheer myself up. When I was a child I didn’t have
the opportunity to visit this amusing magical place although it had always been a dream for me. My parents
could hardly make ends meet, so we couldn’t afford it. Now I am grown up and I could invest in the holiday
myself, so I thought why not? Let’s have a special adventurous holiday full of entertainment.
Peter: I know Walt Disney World is every kid’s fantasy and parents spend millions every year to make it come
true. But what do you think makes Disney World number one?
Katie: Oh, it is very simple. It is a place where your dreams become reality and it is very entertaining. On the
entry tunnel you can read the following words: "Here you leave today and enter a world of yesterday, tomorrow,
and fantasy.” I think it tells everything about this place. You are surrounded by sheer magic and you fly back to
your childhood and meet your childhood’s favourite cartoon characters. When you enter this place, you feel you
open a gate to a different world where everything is possible and where you can meet Mickey Mouse and Donald
Duck, and where you feel like a child again.
Peter: The resort is comprised of four main theme parks – Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney-MGM Studios and
Animal Kingdom. So there is bound to be something to keep you amused. But actually, what did you enjoy the
most?
Katie: Well, it’s a really difficult question but I had a number one. When I was a child I always wanted to climb
Everest, but for most of us it is nothing more than a pipe dream. But luckily Disney has brought us closer to
achieving the dream. Expedition Everest, within the Animal Kingdom theme park, is a brand-new attraction. I
wandered around Tibetan-styled villages, and the most thrilling experience in my life was the high-speed roller
coaster ride. It goes around a snow-capped mountain and sends you right into the Himalayas.
Peter: It must have been really frightening. I wouldn’t have enough courage to try it out.
Katie: Believe me, I had thought about it twice as well.
Peter: Apart from Everest, was there anything else you enjoyed very much?
Katie: Well, the Magic Kingdom. It’s like a small world. Peter Pan’s flight, the Jungle Cruise and Pirates of the
Caribbean were all very entertaining. As far as I know, this inspired the later film of Jack Sparrow and his crew.
The Haunted Mansion was also great. Ghosts and evil spirits scare the life out of visitors.
Peter: And what about Epcot?
Katie: Epcot, yeah. We mustn’t forget about that. Over Epcot was the best fireworks and laser light show I’ve
ever seen in my life. 3000 fireworks were launched into the night sky. Breathtaking that’s all I can say. Epcot, I
think, is a vision for a utopian city of the future with a little touch of Disney. It is fascinating.
Peter: And what about accommodation, where did you stay?
Katie: Luckily, there are hotels to suit every pocket and taste at Disney. I stayed at BoardWalk Inn, it is within
walking distance of Epcot and Disney-MGM Studios. I didn’t have to leave the hotel to keep myself amused. It
has an old-fashioned charm. There are lots of facilities, a huge pool complex, a 61 metre long water slide,
cafés, boutiques, everything you want. There are stores that specialise in Disney character merchandise. When
the temperature cools down, the nightlife heats up with street performers, food vendors, midway games and lots
of live entertainment.
Peter: What about food? As far as I know some very special dishes are served. Could you tell us a little bit
about them?
Katie: Yes, of course. Actually, it wasn’t the food that I found interesting but the restaurants and the way they
served the dishes. You can combine eating with a spectacle at the Dine-In Theatre Restaurant. They serve simple
American cuisine for lunch and dinner that includes burgers, sandwiches, ribs, seafood, pasta, steak and salads.
The domestic beer and wine was also very delicious.
Peter: And why is this restaurant so special? At first it seems like a typical American fast-food restaurant?
Katie: At first yes, but you can sit in a drive-in cinema watching old black and white movies under the stars, as
roller-skating waitresses deliver your hamburgers. It’s also very famous for its shakes. The tables you sit at are
old American cars. Amazing.
Peter: I see you are still mesmerized by your holiday. Are you planning to go back?
Katie: Yes, it was really impressive. It's still said to be the ‘Happiest Place on Earth’. Well, I’m not planning to
go back in the near future. If I have any children, I will definitely take them there. It is a must see holiday
destination. I recommend it to anybody who wants to travel back in time and wants to be a child again.

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Peter: Thank you very much Katie. I bet our listeners have found this all very interesting.

Listening 10.3 (track 33)

Well, first of all, you have to be old enough to drive a car. In Hungary you have to be 17 to get a licence but in
other countries like America you can obtain your permit at a younger age. The best age to get a licence is
between 17 and 25 because as time passes learning becomes more and more difficult. Don’t forget that driving is
not only theory but practise as well. You are required to learn a complex series of physical movements which
after a certain age, is pretty tough to learn. There is no upper age limit restriction and everyone needs to obtain a
medical certificate, which certifies that one is medically fit to drive. The next step is to find a school you like
on the internet, or just walk around in the city a bit, and you'll see several advertisements. The procedure of
getting a licence differs from country to country. When you decide to start, you first pay the fee which includes
the classes and about 30 hours of driving. First you'll learn the rules and laws that a driver must obey. You also
learn some theory about the basic mechanics of the car such as how the engine works. After this, you take a
written test on the Highway Code. Secondly, you have to learn how to give first aid. In the course you learn
how to check whether the heart is beating, how to give artificial respiration, the kiss of life, in other words.
You are expected to be able to know how to bandage wounds, and so on. After a successful written test, you
can get in a car. You have to take a technical so-called "routine" examination. In the course you learn and
practise manoeuvres with the help of a driving instructor, and step by step to park, to accelerate and
decelerate quickly, to turn, to stop and get going again on a slope, and so on. And only after that will you be
allowed to drive in traffic to take your final exam. Let’s be honest, that’s the most difficult part. You have to
apply all the knowledge you gained in practise. Many students fail this exam. If successful, you'll just have to do
some paperwork and in about 2-3 weeks you can claim your driver’s license. This whole procedure takes about
2-3 months. So as you can see, it’s very simple to get a driving licence!

Listening 10.4 (track 34)

Step 1: Getting started.

It is always advisable to sign-up with a driving school where you will be taught the basics and learn how to drive
with the help of a trained instructor. Driving schools also take care of all formalities connected with getting a
driver's license and help you in clearing the final driving tests.

Step 2: Learning the basics.

When you first sit in the driver's seat, take some time to familiarize yourself with the various controls and parts
you will use while driving. The first thing you need to do is to adjust the position of the seat and the distance
from the steering wheel, in order to ensure that you are in a comfortable driving position. On the floor in front of
the seat, there are three pedals - the clutch, brakes and the accelerator or gas pedal. While driving, your feet
will move between these three pedals based on the action you will be taking while driving. Next to the driver's
seat on the right is the gear lever, which you use to change gears while driving. On top of the gear lever is a
line diagram which shows where to move into each gear, beginning from the first gear on the top left to the
reverse gear on the bottom right of the diagram. The neutral gear falls in a line between the top and bottom
gears. In case you are driving a car which has a fifth gear, an additional line next to the third gear will be
depicted.

Step 3: Starting the car.

The first step when you get into the car is to fasten your seat belt. Never forget it. It saves lives. Next, check
that the parking brake is on. Press the clutch pedal fully down and move the gear lever into neutral position.
Turn on the ignition to start the car. After that, check the rear-view mirrors and indicate left or right.

Step 4: Moving into first gear.

While your left foot is still holding the clutch pedal down, move the gear lever into first gear. This will be a
movement from neutral towards the first top line. Apply the brake using your right foot and release the
handbrake. When you're ready to begin moving, move your right foot from the brake to the accelerator pedal,
release the clutch pedal slowly and simultaneously press the accelerator. Releasing the clutch and pressing on
the accelerator will be a slow, concurrent motion. The car will now begin to move forward.

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Step 5: Changing gears.
Change gears while driving each time you have reached one speed level and are ready to move on to the next
level. Every time you change gears remember to press your foot down on the clutch. Not doing this will crank
up the gears and cause wear and tear or immediate seizing of the engine. Pay attention to the engine noise to
know when you need to change gears. If, at a certain speed, the engine appears to sputter, you need to move into
the next lower gear. If the engine makes a high screeching noise, it means you're going at a higher speed than the
gear is capable of, in this case, immediately move into the next higher gear.

Step 6: Slowing and stopping.

Take the pressure off your right foot which is on the accelerator when you want to reduce speed and press down
on the clutch to downshift into a lower gear until you've reached the second. Then apply the brake while slowly
releasing the clutch pedal. When stopping, you should press down the clutch just before stopping fully.

Learning how to drive a car takes time and patience. Start driving with a trained instructor to guide you when
you are first learning and practice in wide open spaces where there is no traffic. Once you've gained some
confidence, you can slowly start driving in traffic to get used to frequently changing gears, slowing down and
stopping, and moving again as per the traffic flow.

Listening 11.1 (track 35)

Katie: Good Morning! This is Katie White. It’s 9 o’clock and it’s time to talk about our health. We have
beautiful sunny weather this morning and I’m in a really good mood. But is there a connection between the
weather, our mood and our health? Today I’m talking to Dr. Dominic Lawson who is going to reveal the truth,
here in ‘Morning Health Corner’.
Katie: Welcome to the studio Dr. Lawson. So, is it true that we can be 'under the weather'?
Dr. Lawson: Definitely, yes. I think many of us have an older relative who claims to have an arthritic joint with
the power to forecast tomorrow’s weather. Like my great-grandmother who stares out of the window on a
pleasant, sunny day, rubbing her painful shoulder, and saying solemnly, ‘A storm's a coming'.
Katie: I’ve also heard it from my granny many times and I always smiled but to tell you the truth, most of her
predictions were right. I was wondering if she could really forecast the weather?
Dr. Lawson: Well, I don’t think such predictions are very reliable.
Katie: The weather has been, among other things, blamed for many illnesses. Could the weather really be
responsible for everything that goes wrong in a person's life?
Dr. Lawson: Well, more and more people believe such a link between the weather and their overall health does
exist. Furthermore, those with serious health problems now tend to consult the weather forecast in an attempt to
predict whether they might feel achy in the near future. They even arrange their day according to the weather. In
fact, in many countries a 'bio-weather' report is available.
Katie: What is a bio-weather forecast?
Dr. Lawson: It tries to explain the connection between the weather and your health, and predicts what health
condition you will be under the given weather conditions.
Katie: And how is it that similar weather conditions have different effects on us?
Dr. Lawson: Our bodies react differently to the weather depending on our age, sex, or general state of health as
well as where we actually live. One in three people are thought to be sensitive to the changing weather but the
old, young and the chronically ill suffer more, and women are generally more sensitive than men.
Katie: And what are the most typical illnesses that can be explained by changing weather?
Dr. Lawson: Arthritis and migraines are the most typical complaints but I think everybody knows that heat-
waves in summer are very dangerous for those who have heart problems, especially elderly people. Allergies are
also a sign of the relationship between weather and health, as the weather has some influence on pollen season.
Katie: I heard even depression can be intensified or eased by the weather?
Dr. Lawson: People tend to take a lot of pills for depression although one hour of walking a day would be
enough to decrease depression. The sun is the most important source of vitamin D. Shortage of vitamin D can be
responsible for depression. For example, suicide and depression rates increase during winter months. Sunlight
is the best antidepressant on the market.
Katie: And what about rainy days, why do we feel so sleepy and exhausted?

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Dr. Lawson: Most people have experienced difficulty having enough energy on cloudy days. For some, that
difficulty hits a lot harder than for others. Those exhaustive sunless days affect us as immediately as they come.
Sleepy cloudy days plus the therapeutic sound of rain on the rooftop is very tiring. But on the other hand, think
about how energetic you feel when there's a storm outside. Our bodies reflect the energy of lightning. Storms
excite some people, filling them with adrenaline.
Katie: Oh, that’s really interesting. I can never sleep when there’s a thunderstorm. And can we do anything to
avoid being affected by the weather?
Dr. Lawson: Yes, of course. With sunlight, exercise, diet, and an understanding of your body's sensitivity to the
climate you live in, you can be healthier than ever, even in winter. With a concentrated effort towards making
lifestyle changes, you can achieve a long-term solution that drugs cannot offer. On cold, cloudy days,
remember the healing effect of exercise and on sunny days, don't let the free healing energy of the sun sink to
the horizon before getting recharged!
Katie: Dr Dominic, thank you very much for your advice. I think you have cleared up many assumptions. If
our listeners have any questions, Dr Dominic is available until noon. Call us and ask our expert!

Listening 11.2 (track 36)

Green living is living in a way that helps take care of the Earth. It also means using only what you really need of
the Earth’s resources. For example, do you like to take long showers? Or do you leave the water running while
you are brushing your teeth? Both long showers and leaving the tap running waste our Earth’s water. Here are
some easy ways you can reduce pollution and protect the environment.

So first of all let’s start with water. It is a valuable resource and by making a few simple alterations, you can
save hundreds of litres. Don't let water run down the drain. You can fill the sink with some water to wash your
vegetables and then use the same water to wash dishes. You can install a low flow shower head. It can cut your
water usage by two-thirds!

Apart from water you can save lots of electricity as well. For example, did you know that about 6 % of your
electricity bill goes into your light bulbs? So, why not buy energy efficient light bulbs? Although they are more
expensive to buy, they last much longer and consume less energy. It goes without saying that you should turn
lights off when they are not in use. DVD players, coffee makers, and TVs still use a small amount of power even
when they are switched off. So don’t leave them in standby mode.
Drive less and drive smart. Less driving means fewer emissions. Besides saving fuel, walking and biking are
great forms of exercise. When you do drive, make sure your car is running efficiently.

And finally, buy recycled products. When you use a piece of paper, you are using a natural resource. If you use a
recycled piece of paper, you are protecting our trees.

Source: www.greenlivingtips.com

Listening 11.3 (track 37)

Presenter: A lot of people feel that pollution has become one of the biggest problems in the world today. But
what exactly do we mean when we talk about pollution?
Expert: Well, when you pollute something, you make it dirty or harmful to other people or animals.
Urbanisation, industrialisation and population explosion are also responsible for the increase in pollution but
actually the main reason is waste. Waste can be many things. It can be yesterday’s newspaper, an old car, or your
dirty bath water.
Presenter: In that case we are in big trouble since everyone makes a lot of waste.
Expert: Yes, you are right. There are five billion people in the world. They all need to eat, dress and travel. On
top of everything, we live in a throw-away world. Every year, we create more and more waste and it seems we
are suffocating under the weight of our own garbage.
Presenter: It is disappointing. And, what about the disposal of waste? Can proper treatment of waste help us?
Expert: We often talk about waste disposal, but disposal is really the wrong word, because you cannot really
dispose of waste. Apart from dumping, most of our domestic waste is incinerated. Buried rubbish can produce

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poisonous substances which leak into the soil and when it is burnt, hazardous gases are produced that are a
main contributing factor to the greenhouse effect. Untreated sewage is also a big problem. It pollutes water.
Presenter: And you are just talking about municipal waste or industrial waste? I guess industrial waste is a
bigger threat, isn’t it?
Expert: Some industrial waste is definitely very dangerous. Some factories emit lots of poisonous gases which
make acid rain that kills trees and pollutes water. Sometimes toxic chemicals leak into rivers and soil. Power
stations are also very dangerous. When nuclear power stations were first built, people were pleased because they
did not pollute like old power stations. But they produce nuclear waste, which produces radiation. Actually, with
our present knowledge, it is impossible to dispose of nuclear waste.
Presenter: Is there anything we can do to improve the situation?
Expert: Yes, of course. If you want to do something better than dumping, you can change waste into something
different, something useful. Recycling waste is more expensive than dumping it, but if we don’t do something
soon, our waste will poison our world.
Presenter: And what is recycling?
Expert: Well, let me give you an example. When you turn off the lights in the daytime, you are conserving
energy. Recycling means conserving materials and energy by using things again, instead of throwing them away.
It reduces pollution, and saves money and natural resources.
Presenter: And is it possible to recycle all kinds of materials?
Expert: Well, the bad news is no. We usually separate reusable and non-reusable waste. Plastic, cardboard, bin
bags, glass, and metals are reusable waste. Old car tyres are non-reusable. We also classify biodegradable
organic waste. It’s also called green waste.
Presenter: What products can we make from paper and plastic?
Expert: First, let me say some words about plastic. It is a wonderfully strong, long-lasting material which is very
difficult to destroy. Most plastic does not decay, like wood or paper. At the moment, we use plastic wastefully
because it is so cheap to produce. We can make garden furniture, bin bags, or insulation for example. Toilet
paper, egg cartons, packaging materials, paper bags, even books are good examples of possible recycled paper
products.
Presenter: And what can people do to help to recycle, and manage their rubbish in an environmentally friendly
way?
Expert: The most important of all is selective waste collection. You can sort out your rubbish. Separate glass,
metal, plastic and paper into different containers. Organic waste can be collected separately but people who have
gardens can make compost of it. But there are also other ideas to help the environment. First of all, don’t waste
water, energy, and materials. Buy recycled, green products if you can. Try to avoid buying plastic bags, take
your own bags when you go shopping.

Listening 12.1 (track 38)

Interviewer: Every night in London, hundreds of people sleep outside, using shop doorways, park benches or
even the pavement for a bed. Under the railway arches near Waterloo train station, rough sleepers have built
temporary shelters. Paul, a police officer who works in that area, faces homelessness and poverty there every
day. Paul, how long have you been working as a policeman?
Paul: For too long, I think. I’ve been an officer in London for 3 years, and I go on patrol around Waterloo
station every day.
Interviewer: And do you try to help the homeless?
Paul: Of course I try. I do everything I can. I have a story to tell you from which you will understand how
difficult the situation is, and you may get a clearer picture about what we do. There was a guy, called Matthew,
aged 21. He had been living in a shanty town for six months.
Interviewer: Sorry, did you say shanty town?
Paul: Yes, it’s a shelter, built from planks and crates, roofed with old rugs and plastic sheeting and raised off the
ground with wooden pallets. The nearest running water is in a nearby church hall. There’s no electricity.
Interviewer: So, who was this Matthew?
Paul: He was a guy, who lived with his girlfriend, Nicky, who was younger than he was and three months
pregnant. They had been living on the streets for half a year by then.
Interviewer: And how can these people live on the streets? I mean, where do they get food, for example?

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Paul: Matthew and Nicky didn’t go hungry. A mobile kitchen brings soup and rolls every night. Students from
King’s College, across the river, regularly bring food and other stuff. On the face of it, they wouldn’t have given
up this life for anything.
Interviewer: And, do they have any money? What about unemployment benefits? They get them, don’t they?
Paul: They don’t bother with the dole. Matthew once candidly said that it was a waste of time when they could
make do by begging in the West End.
Interviewer: As I heard, this is what brings them into conflict with you, the police?
Paul: Yes, I caught Matthew begging once; I gave him a warning and told him if I caught him again I would fine
him. You know, some people think that the Vagrancy Act is obsolete and should be scrapped. But while it’s
there, we have to enforce it. And we have to think of the nuisance to other people.
Interviewer: What do you mean by nuisance?
Paul: I mean most commuters find the beggars and their dogs frightening. Many think the police should evict
the vagrants and clear away the shanties. But the fact is that we owe a duty to these citizens too. Our real work
with the shanty dwellers is not the cat and mouse game of trying to catch them with their palms out. It’s the work
the public never sees: helping to get someone a hospital bed, encouraging those who need to visit drug and
alcohol rehabilitation centres.
Interviewer: And do you have any help, or do you try to cope with these problems alone?
Paul: We have some help, we put our heads together with social workers, housing officers, welfare and benefits
offices, and voluntary organisations, to direct newly homeless people to hostels and free kitchens.
Interviewer: And do you know some homeless people personally?
Paul: Yes, a lot. We spend hours talking to homeless people finding out about their lives and their problems,
where they’ve come from, if their families know where they are. And we try to persuade the young ones to
return home. Actually, we try to give them the respect that every Londoner is entitled to.
Interviewer: And what are local inhabitants’ attitudes to the homeless? Can they tolerate people on the streets?
Paul: Well, I think it’s a very difficult situation. Unfortunately, many people tend to be overly sympathetic to the
point of feeling sorry for homeless people. When you pity someone, you don’t see them as a whole person. If
you’ve never spent any time with homeless people or street youth, you may jump to some false assumptions.
You may think that they are always depressed. Street youth aren’t sad and miserable every minute of the day.
They’re also joyful, happy and excited. I see people give them food and money, sometimes they donate a big
sum of money. It’s a great help but some efforts should be made to change the way they see the homeless.
Interviewer: Let’s go back to Nicky and Matthew, what happened to them and their baby? Did Nicky give birth
to the baby in the street?
Paul: No, thank God, no. As a result of our help, they ended their life on the streets. They moved to a flat before
their baby was born. As far as I know, Matthew got a job and the baby is safe and sound. They will be a
valuable part of our society and I’m very happy they had the chance to get their lives back.
Interviewer: It’s very good news. I think their dreams came true. And finally, would you like to say anything to
our listeners.
Paul: Yes, listening to this, you may be in local government, a social worker, architect, counsellor, teacher, or
anyone with an interest in the plight of the homeless. So, if you would like to know more about how we can
work together to ease the problem of homelessness, please call the Metropolitan Police and support us.
Interviewer: Thank you Paul. We are happy that policemen like you are watching and taking care of us.

Listening 13.1 (track 39)

The History of the EU

The historical roots of the European Union lie in the Second World War. The idea came about because
Europeans were determined to prevent such killing and destruction from ever happening again: countries would
not attack their biggest and most valuable trading partners. In the early years, it involved only six countries, and
decisions mostly concerned trade and the economy. Now the EU embraces 27 countries and 490 million people,
and deals with a wide range of issues related to everyday life.

By the time World War II ended in 1945, Europe was in ruins. The difficult task of rebuilding and planning a
better future began. 1950 brought a period of new beginnings, and Robert Schuman, the French foreign minister,
gave a speech outlining a vision of a plan building lasting peace in Europe. A year later, at the Treaty of Paris,

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the European Coal and Steel Community was founded. A common steel and coal market freely set prices without
import and export duties.
Later, in 1957, the Treaty of Rome set up the European Economic Community to integrate member countries’
economies as a whole. Its aim was to create a common market.
The European community continued to grow with the extension of Ireland, the UK, and Denmark in 1973. The
relationship and the attention given to Latin America was strengthened by Spain and Portugal joining in the 80s.
The Single European Act was signed in 1986 in Luxembourg. Its aim was to complete the internal market by
creating a single European market by abolishing internal borders and tariffs.
From the 1980s Europe took an increasing role in world affairs. In 1992, the Maastricht Treaty was signed. This
treaty was a result of some external and internal events. The most important events were the collapse of
communism in Eastern Europe, and the fall of the Berlin Wall. It states that the Union has to be more than an
economic union. It must develop into a political union, a union of citizens. This treaty created the European
Union and introduced a single currency, the euro. The euro officially replaced the national currencies in many
EU countries in 2002. Today about half of the member states use it as their official currency.
The biggest, the fifth enlargement of the EU, took place from 2004 to 2007. Ten central and eastern European
countries, together with Malta and Cyprus, joined the EU in two successive waves, in 2004, and 2007.
So, in 2007, the EU had expanded to 27 member states, effectively pushing the Union’s border further east to a
new set of neighbours. Today the EU provides the world’s largest amount of development assistance, accounting
for more than half of the world’s official aid. For 50 years the European dream has ensured peace on most of the
continent in a world of global threats and challenges. The Europe of the 21st century will continue to tackle the
current concerns of its citizens, such as the economy, quality of life, and security. It will also become a stronger
global player committed to multinationalism using its foreign policy, trade, and economic agreements to promote
human rights, democracy, and freedom throughout the world.

Listening 13.2 (track 40)

Expert 1: First let me give you some statistical information about Hungary and Europe. In Europe there are
about fifty countries with a total population of more than 700 million people. Hungary’s population is about 10
million, and there are about three more million Hungarians living in the neighbouring countries. Therefore 1.8
per cent of the total population of the continent is Hungarian. Does that constitute too much or too little? Do you
think Hungary and Hungarians in general mean anything in Europe and to Europeans?
Expert 2: Yes, of course. Maybe more than we think, but it is quite a complicated question. First of all, we
should look at our past. Ever since the ancient Hungarians came down the Carpathian Mountains on horseback
and founded the Hungarian state, Hungary has been a part of European history and has shaped the fate of the
continent. It has been both a dominant power and a country suppressed by foreign conquerors. I think now we
are ranked somewhere in the middle by size of the fifty European states.
Expert 1: It’s true but size alone cannot be taken as a determining factor. It is more important that Hungary has
its own culture, traditions, and a very special language. This country is in the heart of Europe and because of it’s
geographical location, it has seen more wars than any other European country.
Expert 2: Yes, and from this aspect it is more remarkable that Hungary was able to preserve its national
characteristics and identity. I think Hungarians learned how to adapt to the given circumstances and how to make
progress.
Expert 1: And talking about culture, as I see, Hungary has already contributed to European culture. For
example, in the field of music, Béla Bartók and Ferenc Liszt are well-known international names. We have
Nobel prize winners like Imre Kertész in literature and the economist János Harsányi. They are all part of the
national heritage.
Expert 2: Let alone, Ernő Rubik and his world-famous magic cube. I think I could continue the list for awhile.
But on the other hand, Hungary has received a lot from Europe and from the rest of the world as well. Several
nationalities settled in Hungary over the centuries and they also contributed to Hungary’s wealth and culture.
Over the centuries we adopted foreign values which paved the way towards becoming a member of the EU in
May 2004.
Expert 1: And we mustn’t forget that this was hard work which required co-operation, tolerance and extensive
preparation. As I see, joining the Union proved to be the only way for Hungary to preserve and strengthen its
traditions, customs and culture. Following the Stalinist period and after the revolution in 1956, it was recognised
that Hungary is unquestionably part of Europe. It actually became possible to restore Hungarian and Western

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European relations when the influence of the Soviet Union gradually disappeared, and steps were taken to restore
independence.
Expert 2: Yes and I think the late 80s can be regarded as some kind of a milestone. Western Europe became
more powerful and Hungary also benefited from this. Besides the rapid increase of trade, a new form of
economic cooperation was established and by signing the European Agreement and joining NATO, Hungary had
made it clear that its main objective was accession to the Euro-Atlantic organisations.
Expert 1: And remember 1994, when Hungary submitted its application for EU membership. The government
made extraordinary measures in order to accelerate catching up to the European Union’s standards. The aim in
the 1990s was to prepare Hungarian society and its economy to meet the membership requirements of the EU.
Expert 2: But the EU also had to prepare itself to admit the new nations. In 2004, the large number of candidates
was exceptional, but their economies were relatively poor compared to the majority of the member states.
Expert 1: Yes, and EU accession is a long process in terms of time, and requires preparation and efforts from
both sides. Of course, the candidate countries need to undertake the heavier burden, since they have to fully
adapt themselves to the Union.
Expert 2: There is another important thing we have to understand. Membership does not bring automatic
prosperity. Accession means we enter into a new market and this brings results to those who really got prepared.
The Hungarian national market gained access to the whole internal market of the Union, moreover, it became
easier to reach the world market as well.
Expert 1: But the enlargement in 2004 was given a special importance because it was a giant step towards
unifying the whole of the continent. Never before have the people of Europe worked in such numbers to create
prosperity and solve common problems like unemployment, terrorism and technological challenges. I think these
problems can be solved effectively only by a unified Europe.
Expert 2: Exactly. Hungary is continuing its integration into community work. Hungary and the other new
members have had the opportunity to express their opinions and to protect their standpoints.

ECL exam tests

Test 1 (Track 41)

Listening 1
A new tourist attraction on the horizon

Tour operators in the Dutch capital have built a profitable business around drunk cycling. On a chilly Saturday in October,
Mark Hitchcock and nine friends from New Zealand start a four-day bachelor party in Amsterdam with a bit of sightseeing.
Rather than admiring the canals on a boat tour or trying out things at a coffee shop, the men choose something more active -
they climb on a five metre-long bicycle equipped with a bar and karaoke machine. It takes just 10 minutes and a couple of
beers, before they remove their shirts, attracting the attention of female tourists. When one young American woman asked
how she could get on, the group responded by saying she should take off her underwear.
Welcome aboard the Amsterdam beer bike. In recent years, the pedal-powered bar on wheels has become a popular
attraction for tourists who want to combine city-cruising with daytime drinking. It is simply amazing, according to Ard
Karsten, the Dutch founder of the company Beerbike.co.uk, one of three men’s fashion dictators in the city. Not only that,
he adds, but it is an environmentally friendly alternative to gas-consuming bus and boat tours. It's a new and unique way to
see Amsterdam.
But while visitors have become fans of the service, locals remain ambivalent about it. Those in the tourism industry
understand that the city makes a lot of money from the legions of tourists who come to Amsterdam to get drunk and take
drugs. But as opponents point out, most do so in bars or cafes - not on the street. Ton Boon, a spokesman for the Centrum
Borough, the canal-lined district in the heart of the city, looks at it with horror. He thinks it brings in one kind of tourist and
chases away another.
Noise pollution is one problem. The bikes hold 10 to 22 people, and when the drinking starts, the riders' shouts become
increasingly difficult to ignore.
Wanda Nikkels, who lives in the red-light district, says the more beer passengers consume, the more antipathetic they get
and the slower they pedal. They also have a habit of stepping on flowers, steering into pedestrian-only zones and blocking
traffic. Recently there was a group of guys who parked their bike in front of some prostitutes, who put on a live show while
the boys kept screaming. It was just 12 o'clock in the afternoon.
Last summer, there were also a couple of high profile accidents that made city officials worried. In one incident, 11 women
crashed their beer bike into a viaduct, throwing several of them to the pavement. One was hospitalized with brain damage,
another broke several ribs and a third lost the tip of a finger. It's an uncontrolled vehicle according to Karin Wolfs, an

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Amsterdam resident who broke a finger when a beer bike hit her motorcycle in June and sent her flying. She would like to
know who came up with the idea to drink beer while driving on public roads.
Authorities are now considering whether to put the brakes on some parts of the beer bike experience. New rules will be
introduced in the coming weeks that could force companies to regulate alcohol consumption, provide licensed drivers and
follow routes that the local government doesn’t find very dangerous. Karsten, the beer bike company founder, supports the
idea as a way of improving the image of the beer bike in Amsterdam. He sticks by the safety of his vehicles, noting that both
accidents last year involved rival companies. And his bikes already come with a tour guide and licensed driver, as well as
insurance against damages to participants and third parties.
Karsten is also trying to limit the disturbance of local residents. He requires his guides to stop their bikes near a restaurant or
hotel every 20 minutes, so passengers can relieve themselves indoors. He hates it when they urinate on the street because
it’s impolite. And, knowing that drunken tourists sometimes block traffic when they are too drunk to pedal, he plans to add
an electrical mechanism this year to help push the bike forward. In a city known for its tolerance, these efforts may be
enough to calm down angry residents - and keep the beer flowing, and the bike rolling, for years to come.

Listening 2

Interview with a world famous pirate

Interviewer: The strange creativity of Johnny Depp is on display in the movie Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the
Black Pearl. Depp is one of the few Hollywood movie stars for whom the principles of creativity, the art of performance, is
still essential. As in any movie he does, he tries things with Jack Sparrow that haven't been done before in a pirate picture.
Are your gold teeth still in?
Johnny Depp: They're still there, yeah. I’ve never had a chance to take them out.
Interviewer: What are they?
JD: They're gold and platinum caps.
Interviewer: So, my first question, why is it so important for you to bring unique elements to your characters?
JD: I’m a sucker, I’m a sucker to my own brain.
Interviewer: And how did you develop your special walk?
JD: The way I walked, well, it was a couple of things. To me, it was like this guy who had spent a very, very long time on
the ocean battling the elements. It was a guy who had spent way too much time in the sun, so maybe his brain was literally
cooked a bit. And he was way more comfortable on the deck of a ship, in terms of the rhythm of the ocean, than he was on
dry land. And I think he would also be a guy who would understand that, like, he could take that and use it to his advantage,
you know. As if to hypnotize someone. He'd kind of go back and forth and hypnotize them, kind of like a cobra, a moving
target. So, that's where it came from. I thought he would hate being on land.
Interviewer: Ok. So, how did you build in comedy?
JD: I tend to find an opportunity to throw in humour on any level, even when it doesn't apply. I mean, I've done it in scenes
in another movie of mine and other things where it probably shouldn't have been there, but it just seemed to work at the
time. So I'm always trying to throw as much humour into a part as I can. This guy, I knew this guy so well, I felt
comfortable playing him that way, I couldn't help myself.
Interviewer: Right.So, how has your relationship with Hollywood changed?
JD: For five years, I've been living in France and in the States to some degree a little bit, because I'm not a resident of
France. But it has done wonders for my relationship with Hollywood. I'm so removed from it that I don't know anything. I
mean, I don't know who anybody is. I don't know who's famous. I don't know who's not famous. I don't know who's rich,
who's poor, who's successful, who's uninteresting. I don't know anybody. I don't know what made money and what didn't
make money. And it's great.
Interviewer: Popular, lots of fans, but you're an outsider. Is this how you envisioned your career?
JD: Well, I was happy when I was able to get off of the television series, 21 Jump Street, which was a great education for
me at the same time. Being in front of the camera five days a week, seven to nine months out of the year…it was a really
good education. But it was also garbage, and wasn't very satisfying in any creative way at all. In fact, it was more
frustrating, so I felt like I'd been enduring some really difficult prison sentence for a long time. I know that sounds extreme,
but it just felt like that.
Interviewer: Ok, so what happened after you got off the television series?
JD: Once I got off and started doing movies, regardless of what was going to happen, I was doing the things that I wanted to
do. I feel really lucky that I've been able to do those movies and play those characters. So, I'm really proud of all the films,
all the experiences. Performance, that's another thing. That's none of my business. It's not for me to judge.
Interviewer: So, why have you never watched your own successful movie, What’s Eating Gilbert Grape?
JD: Well, as it is with most of my movies, the films that I've done, and there's no disrespect to the crew or the filmmakers or
the writers or anything like that. It's nothing to do with them. I always reckon that once I've finished a film, my job is done.
Anything beyond that is none of my business. So, if I can avoid seeing the final product, I like to, because then all I have in
my head is the experience and I feel very good about the experience. Gilbert Grape was a rough time for me just in terms of
I didn't know where I was, emotionally or psychologically.
Interviewer: But, you'll have to see Pirates with your kids, right?

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JD: I haven't seen the movie yet; I think it'd be okay for my kids, wouldn't it?
Interviewer: Some of it is scary.
JD: I can always cover my daughter’s eyes or something. It'd be a great excuse to leave.
Interviewer: Are you ready for a sequel?
JD: Yeah, I would love it - the amount of fun that I had on this film was criminal, really. There were moments when the
director and I would sort of look at each other and just go, 'Can you actually believe that we get to do this and we're getting
paid for it?'
Interviewer: Ok, and will you keep your teeth in the meantime?
JD: No, I think I'm going to get them off tomorrow.

Test 2 (Track 42)

Listening 1

How to be more successful in language learning

The tongue trying a new taste is similar to the brain understanding a new language. Going to an unknown area doesn't come
easy. This is the main reason why many of us find it extremely difficult to pick up a foreign language and even before we
learn to say a few new words, we try and give up. While learning a new language can be an easy thing for some, there are
others for whom picking up a new language may be a jaw breaking issue. Today, the need for learning a new language
means much more than just a hobby. Not only does it give one a serious advantage when travelling to foreign territories, it is
also known to highly improve one’s general view of the world. Add to this, the number of professional benefits that come
with learning a foreign language. It is definitely worth a try. However, before you start the learning experience, finding out
more about some of the most common problems which come in the way of mastering a language will help. The following
points are aimed to help you in learning a new language. Now listen for more.
Do it the right way. Learning a new language is not easy and getting to master one often requires more than just willpower.
The biggest difficulty towards mastering a new language perhaps lies in one’s attitude to it. The biggest mistake most
people tend to make when trying to learn a new language is that they often fail to take it seriously. Learning a language isn’t
an easy bet, more so when you are new to a foreign tongue. To avoid these kinds of hardships, you need to be extra careful
in what you learn, associate it with your everyday life and practise it more often.
Pronunciation is perhaps one difficult issue where most language learners tend to make mistakes. Remember, fluency is a
skill that only comes with the right amount of intonation and accent, and developing it requires a little skill and loads of
practice. However, it is important to forget about your prejudices and understand how a word is perfectly pronounced.
Things do not just end with learning the right pronunciation. You need to practise it on your own and to get a feel for it.
Don’t forget about the importance of word order. When mastering a new language, it is important to get your words right.
Words, if not rightly arranged, can come across as a mysterious mixture to others and you will not be able to communicate
your ideas perfectly. Every language relies heavily on words that express the right meaning. This is the reason why it is
important to choose your words carefully. Next would be to clearly fit them into a sentence to make more sense and less
confusion. Putting the words in the right way will help you in coming up with a meaningful sentence.
Grammar is essential. Getting the grammar right can put one in a fix, more so when you are trying to familiarize yourself
with the grammatical rules of a foreign tongue. Nearly every language has its own set of rules that may be disturbing to
one’s general grammatical sense. For instance, in some languages the verb comes before the subject, while in some others it
is reversed. A good understanding of grammar is perhaps the cornerstone for a successful learning experience.
Visualization can help lots and lots of people, especially in a society like ours that is full of images coming from
everywhere. Visualize everything you hear and you are likely to remember it for a long time. Visual confirmation is one
tried-and-tested way of effective learning and it stands true for learning new languages too. The idea is to connect the words
with the objects and establish a basic relation between the two.
Encourage yourself to speak. Do not fear lending your voice to the new language. While it is likely for you to speak slowly
when trying to speak a new language, don’t let this be a disturbance in your efforts. Try to speak the new language as much
as possible. Not only will this make you a confident speaker, it will also give you advantages over other speakers and help
you express yourself as a fluent spokesperson.
Patience. Most people, who struggle to learn a new language, often give it up after months of senseless struggle. Well, as I
said before, learning a new language never comes easy to many. So it is very important to be patient and put in as much
effort as you can in mastering a new language. At times of failure and disappointment, remember, holding on to your
dreams pays. The extra effort that you put in will help you sail out of all the problems and difficulties.

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Listening 2

The more you train the bigger you get, don’t you?

Sandra: You know, Kenny, during my search for proven muscle building techniques, I came across quite a bit of incredible
training and dieting information. I also came across some hard-to-accept information that I was not ready to believe.
Looking back, I now realize that this information was the major turning point in my journey to gain more mass.
Kenny: Well, Sandra, for many years I read the bodybuilder magazines religiously. I tried workout after workout while
trying to achieve the body of a professional bodybuilder. Unfortunately, I did not realize that bodybuilding was a sport. And
like all other sports, the athletes are not like you or me. For example, let’s look at a sport like basketball. I can learn to play
basketball. I can pay for private coaches; train exactly like Michael Jordan; eat exactly what he eats, do exactly what he
does... Sure I will become acceptable at the game, but I will never be as good as Michael Jordan. 99.9% of us won’t. I won’t
even be good enough to play professionally. This is because Michael Jordan, like other professional athletes, have the
genetics to help them.
Sandra: Yes, the same goes for bodybuilding. First of all, the bodybuilders in this sport are gifted genetically. Their bodies
respond well to hard training. Even if you train exactly like they do, your body won’t respond like theirs. Second, most
professional bodybuilders are heavy users of steroids and illegal hormones. These drugs give them advantages and help
them recover faster. So they can train more often and build muscle faster than a non-steroid user. Now, I’m not telling you
this to talk you out of trying to build more muscle. I’m telling you this so that you can begin to focus on the right things.
You must forget trying to train like a professional bodybuilder. It won’t work on us, normal people. You must train in a way
that is right for your body and genetics.
Kenny: Absolutely. The “pros” train more frequently and many use mostly machines. Again, they can do this because of
their genetics and their use of steroids. However, we are not using either so we must do things differently. For the average
person, more training does not equal more muscle. I also had to stop training so often and understand that “less is more”.
Some people still believe the more you train, the bigger you get. If that were true, all I would have to do is workout eight
hours every day, and I’d be huge! Unfortunately, it’s not true, it doesn’t work that way. Your body does not build muscle
while you are in the gym. Your body builds muscle while resting. Weight training is needed only to stimulate growth. After
that, your body needs rest and food to build muscle.
Sandra: As for me, that took me a long time to understand. Working out too often doesn’t allow your muscles the necessary
time to recover. Not only will you not grow, but you will also be setting yourself up for injuries from overtraining. Now,
when you do train, the best way to gain muscle mass quickly is to use free weights. In the past, I used mostly machines. I
was always told that free weights were a waste of time, and machines were much safer and more effective. Boy, was I
mislead!
Kenny: That’s right! Most machines are a waste of time for us. Machines limit your development because they support the
weight. On the other hand, free weights make you support the weight along the entire path of the movement, which also
strengthen smaller and/or weaker muscles. If your smaller supporting muscles are weak, your larger muscles won’t grow.
To build size and strength quickly, natural bodybuilders and professional athletes don’t use machines – they use free
weights.
Sandra: While trying to gain weight, I had always been very afraid of gaining fat. Being naturally thin, I did’t want to get
fat – I just wanted to gain more muscle. So, I focused on low calorie diets, low fat foods, did my aerobic exercise and did
everything I was supposed to do to keep my body fat low. Unfortunately, what I did not know was that this type of dieting
and training was also keeping me from gaining muscle! Boy, was I in shock! Training to lose fat requires different methods
than training to gain muscle. Losing fat involves eating a low-calorie diet, while building muscle requires a higher calorie
diet. Because gaining weight can be extremely difficult, the only way you will get bigger is to shock your body into growth.
Right?
Kenny: Sure, but it must be done in a proper way. And it’s not what you think!
Sandra: What do you mean?
Kenny: The first shock is by eating more calories than your body is used to. This is the most important factor in gaining
mass. When you overload your system with plenty of protein and fats, your body has no other choice but to gain weight.
The goal is to eat just enough calories to allow your body to build more muscle, but not so many calories that you gain a
large amount of body fat. The second way you must shock your body is with weight training. Weight training is the fastest
way to get your body to build more muscle. Dieting and weight training both work together. If you don’t eat correctly while
weight training, you will lose muscle tissue or just gain fat!
Sandra: Oh, I don’t want to get fat. My boyfriend would dump me…

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Test 3 (Track 43)

Listening 1

Birthdays

Make a wish. What's so great about big birthdays? They inspire us to appreciate the little things. When you’re little, every
birthday is a big one. But as you grow up, it's O.K. to let them get small. I have mixed feelings about midlife birthdays.
Thanks to Facebook alerts and my generation's ever-lasting demand to our eternal youth, they are out of control.
When my husband asked how I wanted to celebrate my birthday this year - the first anniversary of my 49th birthday, he
called it - I didn’t know what to answer. No surprises, I said; even our routines already supply plenty of those. No
extravagance: we're still in a horrible economic situation. I read about Naomi Campbell's $1.8 million party at a seven-star
hotel in Dubai. I also heard about a British billionaire who marked his 55th birthday by sending his guests instructions to
meet at a London airport and told them to clear their calendar for five days. I'm not impressed by these. I take it as a gift to
have reached an age at which I feel it’s enough to observe the date or overlook it.
It wasn't always that way. I had to miss my fourth birthday - I had just had eye surgery and was not supposed to hang out
with sick little kids. My sense of justice was so hurt that six months later, in the middle of July, I invited all my playground
friends over for a party. It would have all been beautiful, if I had not forgotten to tell my mother about it.
To her eternal credit, when plenty of 4-and-a-half-year-olds came over in the middle of my afternoon sleep, she brought a
cake out of the pantry and held a celebration out of thin air. It's true that for years afterward, she wouldn't let me forget that
party I'd somehow arranged in the sandbox without permission. Ten felt very big - those two numbers, one so straight and
mature, one so round and promising. And 13, which made it official: childhood is a memory now. Sixteen was sweet; 18
was freedom, a launch that in those days could legally include a champagne toast. Your young self rises again and again
between birthdays, so marking them has meaning. Turn 14 and grow five inches. Turn 17 and fall in love.
But at some point, that all changes. How different really is 27 from 26, or 42 from 41? Your age in years seems to get
further from your age in experience. You get fired at 32 and feel 12 again, or you're invited to teach for the first time and
feel very old standing in front of all those wide eyes. You circle back on certain ages, replaying them until you get it right. If
the middle-school cafeteria is the setting for your reappearing nightmares, you can spend decades as a small child in your
head. What is a midlife crisis if not an adolescent rebellion with a bigger price tag? And our culture adds to the confusion,
now that 50 is the new 40.
Above all, it was having children of my own that turned my life totally around. Being allowed to walk out of the hospital
with that child in my arms - no instruction manual, no warranty – made me a real adult in a way no car keys or paycheck or
mortgage ever had. Their birthdays got so large that ours could discreetly disappear. The first time we all went to the circus,
I felt 6 years old too.
Raising teenagers has forced me and every mom I know to double back even more, remembering what heartbreak feels like,
and moodiness, and mystery, when every day feels so suddenly filled with expectations. My husband and I talk late into the
night, trying to remember what it was like for us, even as we realize how much has changed for these kids. It feels ageless,
middle-age, when people from two different ages expect things from us. I am talking about the needs of our own parents as
they depend on us more and more and the needs of our children as they push us away. Who has time to stop and look
closely at the calendar?
But when we do, when we gather with friends, what I find I'm most grateful for, is being able to watch the candles’ light,
and wonder at how many past birthday wishes have already come true.

Listening 2
Raising children, the toughest job in the world

Petra: Child raising is probably one of the most difficult jobs for people to do all over the world. Since babies don’t come
with child raising manuals, couples, especially future mothers, have to learn from their mothers, aunts, mothers-in-laws, or
any other relatives who is close to them.
John: Honestly, since I have become a father with three daughters, I have thought a lot about how to raise children. I once
heard a story about what happens when a baby is born. The story said that when a baby is born, a new master is born. The
parents of that baby will become the servants. The question is: Why? Based on my observation, most parents who don't pay
much attention to their kids have difficulties with their kids' attitudes.
Petra: Well, it seems to be true. As children grow up, parents have to find reasonable ways in order to help their children,
advise them, punish them, and to teach them. Sometimes children under ten don’t behave properly. For example, they learn
to say offensive words and they show no respect to their relatives. I think parents in these cases should punish their children
in a reasonable way. Children must know these kinds of attitudes are not good at all, but, sometimes parents never teach
children who are growing up how to behave. These children think the way they behave is completely correct.
John: And later this group of children ends up being bad citizens, bad parents, and bad workers. Society can blame their
parents for hundreds of murders, child abuse cases, and all kinds of crimes we can see on TV news and in newspapers every
day. So I think different societies all over the world should look for better methods to bring up their children. Otherwise,
nobody will be able to live near his neighbours in the near future.
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Petra: There are many aspects which influence parents in this hard job; for example, the culture in which they live, the
economic situation in their society, and the religious environment. Different ways of thinking and different economic
situations cause different groups of people to perform child raising practices differently. One group consists of people who
do not have any economical resources or education. In this group, people get married when they are teenagers. Children are
taken into their grandparents' homes, so the job of child raising is done by grandparents instead of the real parents. If the
grandparents are on the sidewalks selling newspapers, cigarettes, or magazines, the children will be there too. Because
school is seen as a punishment, these children often hate schools and churches, and sometimes they hate their own parents.
Because they are raised this way, many of them end up being wallet thieves, gang members, drug dealers, and drug users.
John: I'll make a comparison of how two families raise their children. The first one is a family with three children. Both
mother and father never say "No" to their children's demands. As a result, all of their children became stubborn and won't
listen to their parents words, "We can't." The second family educated their children strictly from one year old to high school.
The parents never approved or agreed directly to give their children what they wanted. They always postponed one or two
days, even if they could afford it. Due to the way their parents had educated them, these children understood that if they
wanted something, they had to wait or they had to make an effort first. As a result, all the kids from the second family
successfully graduated from university. I think, if we want to be successful parents and raise our children well, we have to
start disciplining them when they are toddlers and not wait until they become teenagers.
Petra: Nowadays there are trends among parents encouraging mothers to stay at home instead of becoming employees. The
reason is the parents think that the kids need more attention from their mothers. For kids it means it's better to have less
money than less attention from their parents, especially from their mother. I think parents have two choices: get benefits
from the wife's earnings or lose their kids. It's good to have both, but as a matter of fact, it's not easy at all. At last, I have
reached this opinion: let's support the idea of saving our kids and welcoming mothers to stay at home! Isn’t it a brilliant
idea?
John: Absolutely. You know when I think back, the biggest difference between my childhood and the life of children
nowadays is family relationships. When I was a child about forty years ago, life seemed simple, and relationships among
families were very close. I knew almost all the family of my father and my mother. Even though they didn't live in the same
town, we visited each other regularly, two or three times a year, even more. I don't know what the cause is, but nowadays
there is less visiting between families. The lifestyle has changed; people are too busy with their own business.
Petra: Now my children know only a few family members, both from my family and from their father's. Maybe it's difficult
to recover from a fast lifestyle. Everything has changed, and people now tend to be more materialistic. They’ve lost
happiness because they have lost chance to have a strong relationship with a big, extended family. I often dream and wish
that my children could have a childhood like mine.

Test 4 (Track 44)

Listening 1
Save the planet: eat more beef
Interviewer: Environmentalists have been giving cows a bad reputation in recent years because cattle production emits a lot
of greenhouse gas. But if fed only grass, cows could play a key role in reversing climate change. On a farm in Maine, a barn
is being built. When it's finished, the barn will provide winter shelter for up to six cows and a few herd of sheep. The person
building the barn is one of the most highly regarded organic-vegetable farmers in the country: Eliot Coleman, who wrote the
bible of organic farming, The New Organic Grower. Eliot, at a time when a growing number of environmental activists are
calling for an end to eating meat, why are you beginning to raise beef cattle?
Eliot: Because I care about the fate of the planet. The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization released a 2006 report that
says 18% of the world's man-made greenhouse gas emissions is due to livestock. This is why livestock has become less
popular. At first, it was just vegetarian groups that used the U.N.'s findings as evidence. But since then, more and more
environmentalists have started to deal with it. At a recent European Parliament hearing, the chairman of the inter-
governmental panel on climate change argued that reducing meat consumption is a simple and effective way for everybody
to decrease emissions. And of all the animals that humans eat, none are held more responsible for climate change than the
ones that moo. Cows not only consume more energy-intensive feed than other livestock, they also produce more methane - a
powerful greenhouse gas - than other animals do. If your biggest worry is to reduce emissions, you shouldn't eat beef. Cows
produce 13 to 30 kg of carbon dioxide per kilogram of meat.
Interviewer: In light of this, how can you believe that adding livestock to your farm will help the planet?
Eliot: On a wintry Saturday at my farm I will be out on my fields encouraging a herd of cows to move to a grassy new
meadow. Over the course of a year, my 100 cattle will move across 70 hectares four or five times. Conventional cattle
raising is like mining. It cannot be maintained because you're just taking without putting anything back. But when you
change cattle on grass, you put back more than you take. It works like this: grass lives through the roughest days. Change
cattle across fields and the animals' grazing will cut the blades while their movement helps work waste and other organic
materials into the soil, turning it into rich humus. Plants’ roots also help maintain soil health by keeping water and microbes.
And healthy soil keeps carbon dioxide underground and out of the atmosphere. Compare that with the estimated 99% of
U.S. beef cattle that live out their last months stuffed with corn and soy-beans. In the past few decades, the growth of these
concentrated animal-feeding operations has resulted in vast areas of grassland and forest being left behind. Much of the
carbon footprint of beef comes from growing wheat to feed the animals, which requires fossil fuel-based fertilizers, pes-

136
ticides, transportation. Grass-fed beef has a much lighter carbon footprint. Although grass-fed cattle may produce more
methane than conventional ones, their net emissions are lower because they help the soil separate carbon.
Interviewer: What is the difference between this and factory farming?
Eliot: I am trying to get the word out about how much more eco-friendly this is than factory farming. If you put a cow
where it belongs - on grass - that cow becomes not just carbon-neutral but carbon-negative. With proper management,
ranchers and farmers could achieve a 2% increase in soil carbon levels over the next two decades.
Interviewer: What about the quality of the meat that comes from a cow kept this way?
Eliot: By many standards, grass-fed beef is healthier. That's certainly the case for the animals involved; grass feeding avoids
the antibiotics. But it also appears to be true for people who eat beef. Compared with conventional beef, grass-fed is lower
in fat and higher in omega-3s, the heart-healthy fatty acids found in salmon.
Interviewer: Are there any people who oppose your way of keeping cows?
Eliot: Not everyone is sold on its good qualities. They bring up the grass-fed meat's higher price and also note that because
grass is less caloric than grain, it takes two to three years to raise a cow and put it out on the market. A differently kept
animal requires only 14 months. They also say they grow so quickly, they have less chance to produce greenhouse gases. I
still reckon the idea that giving up meat is the solution for the world's ills is ridiculous. A vegetarian eating tofu made from
soy-beans is responsible for a lot more C02 than I am.

Listening 2
Let’s celebrate

Vivien: Our family is not really that traditional. We don't often go to church, only for weddings and funerals. We used to try
to go to midnight mass on Christmas Eve, but when it got around to midnight on Christmas Eve, everyone was usually too
drunk or had eaten too much or was too tired to walk the one mile up to the church. So we went a couple of times, but we
didn't usually manage to go. At this time of the year, I would normally be at home, but unfortunately because of problems at
work, this year I couldn't go home, which I'm quite sad about really.
Thomas: I went to stay with a Hungarian family for Christmas, with my flatmate and her family, which was really nice and
they let me see a different side to it. We had a little party on Christmas Eve and ate fried fish. We didn't have fish soup
because no one in that family particularly likes it. We made a toast, standing around and wishing each other Merry
Christmas. Then we exchanged presents and we put chocolates on the Christmas tree. They had two kinds of Christmas
cake, one was a kind of poppy-seed cake, the other much lighter, with walnuts. I can't remember what they were called, but
anyway they were very delicious.
Vivien: Christmas at my parent's house was quite a big event, I mean for the children especially, and I remember when I
was very small it was so exciting. We would wake up at 6 o'clock or earlier on Christmas morning, and immediately look
under the bed, where there would be a pillow case, not a stocking, which was good because you could get more presents
into it, which supposedly Father Christmas had brought. It was full of fruit and nuts and all kinds of little things. Mine was
always very exciting, I think my mum had very original ideas. I don't remember when we stopped getting them, I suppose I
was about fifteen or something, but in the years up until then we used to get them, in some form. However, towards the end
they got smaller and smaller, so that in the end it was just a sock, maybe with an orange and a walnut in it.
Thomas: As I got older, the big parties used to be on Christmas Eve, on the 24th, when all my cousins would come around,
actually, four cousins, a boy and three girls and maybe some of their respective boyfriends and girlfriends, and my two
brothers with their girlfriends. It would start at maybe 8 o'clock in the evening, and we'd make a big punch, which consisted
of red wine, vodka, orange juice and fruit, and put it in the hall so people could have a drink if they wanted to. We'd also
have a cold buffet with crisps, chicken and sausages, so it wasn't a sit-down meal but just snacks really. When everyone had
enough punch to drink, we started playing games, just silly party games that people play in England. For example, we used
to play pass the orange, where you have two teams, and you all stand in a line and have to pass the orange under your chin
to the next person, who would take it under their chin. It sounds really boring, but for some reason it gets really funny 'cause
it's quite difficult as the orange tends to travel down your chest.
Vivien: Well, on the 25th, while the turkey was cooking in the morning, everyone would open their presents, and then
usually hang around in the kitchen and annoy my mum who'd be trying to cook. We would have a turkey with bacon on the
top, which was really nice, and sausages, stuffing, roast potatoes, and gravy, which my cousin really liked. Afterwards, we'd
have Christmas pudding, which is an incredibly rich, very sweet, very heavy pudding made from all kinds of dried fruit with
a lot of alcohol in it. You pour brandy over the top and set fire to it, so it comes into the room on fire, and then you eat it
with brandy butter, which is made of butter, sugar and brandy, I think, all combined. We also had pies, which were small
dried fruit-filled pies. So it's an incredibly heavy meal. Everyone eats for about an hour, and then we have to watch the
Queen's speech, which I think is at two o'clock, and a kind of tradition. My father insists that we all have to sit down and
watch the Queen as she speaks for five or ten minutes about the year that's gone by, and then, usually, everyone just carries
on watching television all afternoon.
Thomas: What comes to my mind right now is the Christmastime weather in England. It is so uninspiring, either rainy or
cold, so after such a huge meal people just sit down and watch old films until evening. When evening comes, we have tea.
We have a cup of it with some Christmas cake - another very rich, heavy cake which my auntie always makes, with nuts,

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cherries and all kinds of dried fruit in it. After that, nobody usually wants to eat anything. People are just too exhausted to
do anything other than maybe open a few more presents, if there are any left to open, or play with the children, to keep them
entertained until it's time for them to go to bed. I haven't spent New Year’s with my parents in a long time, I usually spend it
in London with friends. It was never a big tradition in our family. Because we didn't live near a town, or even a village, we
didn't go out, so we would normally just watch television, maybe drink some champagne at midnight and then go to bed.
Vivien: Speaking of traditions, we don't really have any traditions for Easter. When I was little, my mum used to hide little
chocolate Easter eggs in the garden, which was a really good idea, and me and my two cousins, Catherine and Sarah, would
go and hunt for them, and that was always good fun. The only thing my mother does is that on Good Friday she always
insists that we eat fish. I don't know why, this is something which goes back to her mother and her family, I think.
Thomas: Easter was never really celebrated that much in my family, although for the last few years I've always attended
church at Easter-time in the evenings to hear about the death and resurrection of Christ. It was always nice to have a bit of a
break from school though, and my father would always have a few days off. Sometimes we'd go away for a couple of days.
At this time, we normally got a small gift on Easter day from the Easter Bunny, which was normally chocolate eggs. Of
course, we ate most of the eggs quickly but it was great fun.

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Appendix 1: Irregular verbs

Hungarian meaning Infinitive Past Past Participle

létige be was/were been
legyőz, megver beat beat beaten
válik vmvé become became become
elkezdődik begin began begun
meghajlít bend bent bent
harap bite bit bitten
vérzik bleed bled bled
fúj blow blew blown
összetör break broke broken
hoz bring brought brought
sugároz (adást) broadcast broadcast broadcast
épít build built built
éget, ég burn burnt burnt
szétrobban, széttép burst burst burst
megvásárol buy bought bought
megfog, elkap catch caught caught
választ choose chose chosen
jön come came come
kerül valamibe cost cost cost
csúszik, mászik creep crept crept
vág, megvág cut cut cut
oszt (kártyát) deal dealt dealt
ás dig dug dug
csinál, tesz do did done
rajzol, döntetlent ér el draw drew drawn
álmodik dream dreamt dreamt
iszik drink drank drunk
vezet drive drove driven
eszik eat ate eaten
elesik fall fell fallen
etet feed fed fed
érez, tapogat feel felt felt
harcol, küzd fight fought fought
megtalál find found found
repül fly flew flown
megtilt forbid forbade forbidden
elfelejt forget forgot forgotten
megbocsát forgive forgave forgiven
fagy, fagyaszt freeze froze frozen
kap get got got
ad give gave given
megy, jár go went gone
növekszik grow grew grown
akaszt, lóg hang hung hung
birtokol have had had
meghall hear heard heard
elbújik, elrejt hide hid hidden
megüt hit hit hit
megfog, tart hold held held
fáj, megsebez, megsért hurt hurt hurt
tart keep kept kept
letérdel kneel knelt knelt
tud, ismer know knew known
lefektet, lay laid laid
139
hajol, nekidől lean leant leant
tanul learn learnt/learned learnt/learned
elhagy, otthagy leave left left
kölcsönad lend lent lent
megenged let let let
fekszik lie lay lain
világít, meggyújt light lit lit
elveszít lose lost lost
csinál, készít make made made
szándékozik, jelent mean meant meant
találkozik meet met met
(ki)fizet pay paid paid
(oda)tesz put put put
olvas read read read
lovagol ride rode ridden
cseng, csenget ring rang rung
felkel, emelkedik rise rose risen
fut run ran run
mond say said said
lát see saw seen
elad, árul sell sold sold
(el)küld send sent sent
(le)tesz, helyez set set set
(meg)varr sew sewed sewn
megráz shake shook shaken
kifényesít, fénylik shine shone shone
(meg)lő shoot shot shot
(meg)mutat show showed shown
(össze)zsugrorodik shrink shrank shrunk
becsuk, bezár shut shut shut
(el)énekel sing sang sung
(el)süllyed sink sank sunk
ül sit sat sat
alszik sleep slept slept
csúszik slide slid slid
szagol smell smelt smelt
bevet (földet) sow sowed sown
beszél speak spoke spoken
(le)betűz spell spelt spelt
költ (pénzt), tölt (időt) spend spent spent
kiönt spill spilt spilt
köp spit spat spat
hasít, megoszt split split split
tönkretesz, elkényesztet spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled
szétterjeszt, szét ken spread spread spread
ugrik spring sprang sprung
áll, állít stand stood stood
(el)lop steal stole stolen
(le)szúr sting stung stung
(meg)üt, csap strike struck struck
káromkodik swear swore sworn
söpör sweep swept swept
(meg)duzzad swell swelled swollen
úszik swim swam swum
lenget swing swung swung
visz take took taken
tanít teach taught taught

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elszakít tear tore torn
(el)mond tell told told
gondolkodik think thought thought
dob, hajít throw threw thrown
megért understand understood understood
felébred, felébreszt wake woke woken
hord, visel wear wore worn
sír weep wept wept
(el)nyer, győz win won won
ír write wrote written

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Appendix 2: Phrasal verbs

Phrasal verbs Hungarian meaning

with two particles

Catch up with - utolér, felzárkódzik

You have missed a lot of lessons; you have to work hard to catch up with us. .
Come up against - beleütközik
I’m afraid we have come up against many difficulties. I don’t know how to solve them.
Come up with - kigondol, előhozakodik
Have you come up with an answer yet?
Cut down on - csökkent
I have decided to cut down on eating fatty food.
Face up to - szembenéz, szembeszáll vkvel
You have to face up to the truth. I will never be with you.
Fall back on - visszatér vkhez/vmhez
He fell back on the old argument again. It’s so tiring.
Feel up to - kedve van vmt megtenni, alkalmasnak érzi magát vmre
I don’t feel up to doing my homework. I’ll do it in the morning.
Get along/on with - kijön vkvel
Do you get along/on with your new colleagues?
Get away with - szárazon megússza
I know he has stolen the money but probably he will get away with it.
Get up to - rosszalkodik
What are you getting up to again?
Go in for - érdekli, hobbiként elkezd
Do you go in for golf?
Grow out of - idővel elhagy egy szokást
He grew out of playing with computer games. He prefers reading.
Live up to - méltó vkhez, vmre, megfelel a várakozásnak
He felt he could never live up to his fame. The concert didn’t live up to my expectations.
Look back on - visszatekint a múltra
I always look back on my teenage years. They were fantastic.
Look down on - lenéz, megvet
My boss looks down on his subordinates. He thinks he is better than everybody.
Look forward to - nagyon vár vmt, előre örül vmnek
We are looking forward to our holiday.
Look up to - felnéz vkre
I really look up to my brother.
Make up for - kompenzál, ellensúlyoz vmt
I sent her some flowers to make up for my appalling behaviour.
Put up with - elvisel, eltűr
I can’t put up with this noise anymore, it’s driving me mad.
Stand up to - szembeszáll vkvel
You have to stand up to your boss. Be brave!

Inseparable phrasal verbs

ask after sb - érdeklődik vk felől

I met Suzy at the party. She asked after you.
ask for - kér vmt, beszélni akar vkvel
There is somebody at the door asking for you.
break out - megszökik
The prisoners broke out of jail when the guards weren’t looking.
call for - érte megy
I’m going to cinema with James. He is calling for me at 6.00 so I must be ready by then.
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call on - meglátogat
I called on my friends at the weekend. We had a great time.
come across -ráakad vkre/vmre, véletlenül találkozik vkvel
I came across these old dolls in the attic.
come into - örököl
She unexpectedly came into a fortune when her uncle died.
count on - számít vkre
I’m counting on your support at the election for the new assistant manager.
deal with - foglalkozik vmvel
I think we should deal with this problem. There must be a solution!
do without - megvan vm nélkül
I think we have to do without a holiday this year. We are having financial difficulties.
get at - céloz, sugall
What are you getting at?
get over - túlteszi magát vmn, kihever
I know you will get over this. You will find someone else soon.
go through - keresztül megy vmn
You can’t imagine what I went through when I was standing by your bed in the hospital.
look into - kivizsgál
His death is a mystery so the police are looking into it.
look after - gondoskodik vkről, gondját viseli
I have to look after my sick grandmother.
pick on - beleköt vkbe, heccel vkt
I don’t understand why you are picking on me all the time. Choose someone else.
run into - belebotlik vkbe
Imagine who I ran into yesterday! My old friend Thomas.
stand for - eltűr, elszenved, jelentése van
I won’t stand for this behaviour. What does this sign stand for?
take after - hasonlít vkhez
I take after my mother. We are both very forgetful.

Separable phrasal verbs

bring down - elszomorít

This music brings her down all the time. I don’t know why she listens to it.
bring up - felnevel
We brought up her child.
carry out - végrehajt
You have to carry out my instructions without hesitation.
call off - visszavon, érvénytelenít
The boss called off the meeting.
clear up - kitakarít, kitisztul (idő), tisztáz (félreértést)
I’m clearing up my room in the afternoon. It ‘s a big mess.
The weather is clearing up. NO OBJECT.
do up - tataroz, rendbe hoz
When I do up this room I’ll paint the walls yellow.
fill in - kitölt (űrlapot), helyettesít
You have to fill in this form if you want to apply to this course.
Who is filling in for you while you are away? NO OBJECT.
find out - felfedez, rájön
In the end I found out what was wrong with my car.
get back - visszakap
She finally got her lecture notes back from her roommate.
give away - elajándékoz, elárul
He won the lottery and gave all the money away. Incredible!
He said he was English but his accent gave him away.
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give up - abbahagy, felad
I tried to climb up the hill but after I had failed two times, I gave up. NO OBJECT.
I gave up drinking beer before breakfast.
knock out - kiüt
I bumped my head and it knocked me out. I was unconscious for awhile.
look up - kikeres, javul
I have to look this word up in the dictionary.
Things are looking up. Don’t worry. NO OBJECT.
let down - leenged
I let my hair down. Isn’t it nice?
make up - kitalál (történetet), kibékül
I think you just made up the story. I don’t believe you.
After the argument they made up. NO OBJECT
pick up - felszed
I will pick you up at 7.00. Be ready!
put aside - félretesz, spórol
I put enough money aside to buy a new motorbike.
put off - elhalaszt
They put off the barbecue party because of bad weather.
put up - elszállásol
Call me if you want to visit me in the summer, I will put you up.
show around - körbevezet
Let me show you around the office.
take up - elkezd, felvesz
I took up tennis last month.
think over - átgondol
I can’t decide right now. I have to think it over.
turn down - visszautasít
I applied for the job but they turned down my application.
wear out - kimertít, elkoptat
I have been working all day. It wore me out.
work out - megold, megfejt, kidolgoz
This is a good plan but we have to work out the details.

Separable phrasal verbs without an object

back away - eltávolodik, meghátrál

The child backed away from the rabid dog.
break down - elromlik, letör (lelkileg), megrendül (egészség)
My car broke down in the middle of the night. I had to wait till morning to get it fixed.
come out - megjelenik (könyv, újság)
When her new novel came out it was an immediate success.
fall out - összezördül, veszekszik
I think they have fallen out again. They are not even looking at each other.
give in - beadja a derekát
At first I didn’t want to but she was so persuasive that I gave in and bought her a new car.
look out - vigyázz!
Look out! It’s going to fall down.
show off - kérkedik, henceg
He was annoying again. He showed off during the whole party. I hope he will grow up soon.
take off - felszáll
What are you still doing here? Your plane has just taken off!

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 Appendix 3: Prepositional phrases

At in advance - előre
at a glance - egy pillantással in agreement with – egyetértésben
at all costs - bármennyibe kerül is, mindenáron in aid of - jótékony célra, támogatásul
at any rate - mindenesetre in any case - minden esetben
at dawn - hajnalban in brief - röviden
at first - először in comparison with – összehasonlítva
at first hand - első kézből in conclusion - végezetül
at first sight - első látásra in danger - veszélyben
at hand - kéznél in debt - adósságban
at heart - szíve mélyén in detail - részletesen
at large - egészében, szabadlábon in doubt - kétségek között
at last - végül, utoljára in full swing - javában, teljes gőzzel
at least - legalább in future - jövőben
at once - azonnal, rögtön in good time - idejében
at one’s best - legjobb formájában in haste - sietve
at present - jelenleg in other words - más szóval
at short notice - előzetes bejelentés nélkül in person - személyesen
at the same time - ugyanakkor in pieces - darabokban
in practice - gyakorlatban
By in principle - elvben
by accident - véletlenül in progress - folyamatban
by chance - véletlenül in reality - valóban
by far - messze, váratlanul in return - viszonzásul
by force - erővel, erőszakkal in ruins - romokban
by heart - kívülről, fejből in safety - biztonságban
by means of sth - vm által, segítségével in secret - titokban
by mistake - tévedésből, véletlenül in self-defence - önvédelemből
by nature - természeténél fogva in short - röviden
by now - mostanra in some respects – bizonyos szempontból
by oneself - egyedül in tears - könnyekben
by order of sb - vknek a parancsára in the beginning – kezdetben
by profession - foglalkozására nézve.. in the end - végül
by request - kérésre in the flesh - teljes életnagyságban
by the dozen - tucat számra in the hope of - reményében
by the way - mellesleg in the long run - hosszú távra
in the meantime - időközben
For in theory - elméletben
for a change - a változatosság kedvéért in turn - felváltva
for ages - hosszú ideje in vain - hiábavalóan
for certain - biztosan
for fun - viccből On
for good - véglegesen on account of - következtében
for instance - például on behalf of - vk nevében/érdekében
for keeps - örökbe on business - üzleti ügyben
for nothing - hiába, a semmiért on credit - hitelre
for once - ez egyszer on duty - szolgálatban
for one’s sake - vk kedvéért on fire - ég, lángokban áll
for the time being - pillanatnyilag on foot - gyalog
on horseback - lóháton
In on one’s own - egyedül, önállóan
in a moment - egy pillanat múlva, azonnal on purpose - szándékosan
in a nutshell - dióhéjban on schedule - terv szerint
in a tick - egy pillanat alatt on the agenda - napirenden
in a word - egyszóval on the contrary – ellenkezőleg
in addition to - ráadásul, azonkívül on the dole - munkanélküli segélyen él

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on the one hand - egyrészt
on the other hand - másrészt
on the way - útközben off
off colour - sikamlós vicc, beteg
Out of off duty - szolgálaton kívül
out of breath - kifulladva off the peg - konfekcionált ruha
out of condition- rossz erőnlétben off the record - bizalmas
out of control - irányításon kívül
out of date - korszerűtlen under
out of doors - házon kívül under age - kiskorú
out of order - nem működik under arrest - letartoztatás alatt
out of the ordinary - szokatlan under one’s breath - halkan, suttogva
out of place - nem helyénvaló under control - irányítás alatt
out of reach - elérhetetlen, távoli under pressure - nyomás alatt
out of season - idényen kívüli under repair - javítás alatt
out of shape - formán kívűl van under the weather – rosszul érzi magát
out of sight - nem látható
out of step - nem tartja a lépést without
out of turn - soron kívül without fail - késedelem nélkül
out of use - használaton kívül without delay - késlekedés nélkül
out of work - munkanélküli without success - siker nélkül
without warning – figyelmeztetés nélkül

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Appendix 4: Verb/Adjective + preposition

About persist in - makacsul ragaszkodik vmhez

annoyed about sth- bosszús, mérges
anxious about - aggódik, nyugtalan To
argue about sth - vitatkozik vmről according to - vk/vm szerint
ask about - kérdezősködik addicted to - vm a rabja (ital stb.)
boast about sth - dicsekszik vmvel allergic to - allergiás vmre
crazy about - bele van bolondulva apologise to sb for sth – bocsánatot kér
curious about - kíváncsi attend to - figyelmet fordít vk/vm-re
dream about (of )- álmodozik vmről belong to - tartozik vkhez, vmhez
enthusiastic about - lelkes contribute to - hozzájárul
excited about - izgatott vm miatt cruel to - kegyetlen vkhez, vmhez
forget about - megfeledkezik vmről equal to - egyenlő, azonos
hear about - hírt kap vkről/vmről faithful to - hű marad vkhez
quarrel with sb about sth– vkvel veszekszik vmért familiar to - ismerős
talk about - beszélget vmről grateful to sb for sth – hálás vknek vmért
uneasy about - nyugtalankodik vm miatt heir to sb - vknek az örököse
upset about - nyugtalanítja vm indifferent to - közönyös, közömbös
wonder about - csodálkozik prone to - hajlamos
worry about - aggódik vm miatt rude to - goromba vkvel
sensitive to sth - fogékony vmre
At
angry at - dühös, mérges vkre/vmre From
bad at - ügyetlen, rossz vm-ben absent from - hiányzik, nincs jelen
clever at - okos, intelligens, tehetséges vm- abstain from - tartózkodik vm-től
ben benefit from - hasznot húz vmből
excellent at - kiváló vm-ben depart from - elmegy vhonnan
glance at - rápillant vk-re differ from - különbözik, eltér
glare at - ellenséges tekintetet vet vkre exempt from - felment, mentesít
good at - jó, ügyes vmben expel from - kizár (iskolából stb.)
guess at - találgat flee from - elmenekül, elszökik
hear from - hírt, üzenetet, levelet kap vktől
On hinder from - visszatart, meggátol
bet on - fogad vmre/vmben prohibit sb from doing sth – eltilt vkt vmtől
blame sth on sb - vkre ráken vmit recover from - felépül, meggyógyul
comment on - véleményt mond, megjegyzést refrain from - tartózkodik vmtől
tesz shelter from - megvéd (széltől, esőtől, stb.)
compliment sb on – bókol vknek suffer from - szenved vmtől
concentrate on - figyelmét összpontosítja
congratulate sb on sth- gratulál vknek vmhez For
count on - számít vkre beg for - könyörög vmért
emphasis on - kihangsúlyoz, kiemel blame sb for sth - vkit hibáztat vmért
impact on - hatás, befolyás vmre eager for - buzgó, türelmetlen
insist on - ragaszkodik vmhez excuse for - elnézést kér, mentegetőzik
keen on - rajon, lelkesedik vmért forgive sb for sth – megbocsát vknek vmért
operate on sb - operál vkit hope for - reménykedik vmben
rely on - számít vkre leave for - elmegy vhová
long for - vágyódik vm után
In pity for - szán vkt
believe in - hisz vmben praise sb for sth - dicsér vkt vmért
delay in - késlekedik, habozik sorry for - sajnál
delight in - örömét leli vmben vote for - szavaz vkre
fortunate in - szerencsés vmben
lucky in - szerencsés vmben
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 tire of - elun, beleun
tired of - elege van vmből
Of worthy of - méltó, érdemes
accuse sb of sth – megvádol valakit vm-vel
afraid of - fél vktől, vmtől
approve of - helyesel, jóváhagy vmt With
ashamed of - szégyell vkt/vmt acquainted with - ismer vkt, járatos vm-ben
aware of - tudomása van róla agree with sb - egyetért valakivel
beware of - óvakodik vmtől bored with - megun vmt
capable of - képes vmre, kitelik tőle busy with - vmvel el van foglalva
complain of - panaszkodik vmről charge sb with - vkit vádol
conscious of - tudatában vmnek coincide with - egybeesik
consist of - tartalmaz vmit, áll vmből collaborate with - együttműködik, összejátszik
die of - meghal vmben collide with - összeütközik, nekimegy
envious of - irigy vkre/vmre comply with - eleget tesz
fond of - kedvel vmt/vkt cope with - megbirkózik vmvel, szembeszáll
frightened of - rémült vkvel
guilty of - bűnös vmben crowded with - zsúfolt, tömött vmvel
jealous of - féltékeny deal with - foglalkozik vmvel
lack of - hiánya vmnek dissatisfied with - elégedetlen vmvel
proud of - büszke vmre familiar with - jártas vmben
regardless of - tekintet nélkül vmre furious with - mérges vkre
remind sb of sth – emlékeztet vkt vmre mix with - emberek közé jár
suspect sb of - gyanúsít vkt provide sb with sth – ellát, felszerel vkt
suspicious of - gyanakvó satisfied with - elégedett
terrified of - megijedt trust sb with sth - rábíz vmt vkre

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Appendix 5: Linking Words / Phrases

Personal opinion: In my opinion/view, To my mind, As far as I am concerned, I think that, It

seems to me that, I am convinced that, From my point of view

To list advantages and One advantage of, Another advantage of, A further advantage of, The main
disadvantages: advantage of, The greatest advantage of
One disadvantage of, Another disadvantage of, A further disadvantage of,
The main disadvantage of, The greatest disadvantage of

To list points: Beginning – Firstly, First of all, In the first place, To start/begin with
Continuing – Secondly, After this, Afterwards
Concluding – Finally, Lastly, Last but not least

To add more points: What’s more, Furthermore, In addition to, Moreover, Besides, …not to
mention the fact that..

To express effect: consequently, as a result, as a consequence, therefore, so

To emphasise a point: Indeed, Naturally, Obviously, Of course, Needless to say

To express reality: As a matter of fact, It is a fact that, Actually, Indeed

To give examples For instance, For example, Let me give you an example, as follows, hence
To make general Generally, In general, on the whole
statements:

To make contrasting yet, however, nevertheless, but, even, nonetheless, Although, Even though,
points: In spite of the fact that, Despite the fact that, on the contrary, on the other
hand, in contrast to,

To clarify: In other words, To put it another way, That is to say,

To express condition: on condition that, provided, as long as, otherwise,

Comparison: in the same way, similarly, too, likewise

Time: after, after a while, afterwards, at last, at the same time, currently, earlier,
before, in the meantime, in the past, initially, meanwhile, now, presently,
previously, since, simultaneously, until, until now, whenever, while,

To conclude: Finally, All in all, Taking everything into account/consideration, All things
considered, In conclusion

Summarising: In short, Briefly, To put it briefly, To sum up, To summarise, To put it in a

nutshell

149