wwuvwuvuwevveveve Ve mewVereOelSTPelu,rlUCcrmTClU( TT TrlUhlTCrmhlh TC TT DBMS - MINI PROJECT Bachelor of Technology In Computer Science and Engineering Under Esteemed Guidance of Ms. D. Ashwani (Asst. Professor) Dept. of CSE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ANIL NEERUKONDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES SANGIVALASA, VISHAKHAPATNAMProject Title; CAR RENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Presented By: P.Sai Sushmitha A22126510118 Table of Contents: * Bonafide Certificate “ Declaration “ Acknowledgement > Introduction > Abstract > Objectives > Description > ER Diagram > Requirements “ Software and Modules “ Code used for implementation “ Snapshots of the implemented SystemO_O EOCOCUCcrrClcrTCUTretCUcseremCUc rel srerelserelhlUrwrmlCUC PC CC OCC FTrmUc OmUc ]MmhUC SD BONIFIED CERTIFICATE This is to certify that this project report “Car Rental Management System” is the Bonafide work of P.Sai Sushmitha(A22126510118). This project is carried out and is submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in Computer Science and Engineering, under Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology and Sciences during the academic year 2024- 2025. ° Md. D Ashwani Dr. K. GRO istne (Asst. Professor & Project guide) (Principal, ANITS) Computer Science & Engineering T-OHhlapuneACKNOWLEGEMENT The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task would be incomplete without mentioning the people who made it possible, and whose constant guidance and encouragement always upheld the morale. We take a great pleasure in presenting a project, which is the result of a studied blend of both research and knowledge. We first take the privilege to thank the head of our department Dr. K. Sri Rama Krishna Sir, for permitting us in laying the first stone of success. We feel grateful to thank D Ashwani Madam, who is our project guide and who shared her valuable knowledge with us and made us understand the real essence of the topic and created interest in us to put our continuous efforts in the project. P.Sai Sushmitha A22126510118—— EE eae Se ee eS mL emUmLe hme mL ee hme eee aera eee aa mee ea me me lUm em hme he Introduction: Abstract: The Car Rental Management System (CRMS) is a comprehensive solution designed tq automate and streamline car rental operations for businesses and customers. The syste incorporates essential features like vehicle inventory management, customer registration, and rental processing to optimize workflow and reduce manual effort. Built using Python an MySQL, CRMS provides a robust backend for secure data management and a user-friendl interface for seamless interaction. Key functionalities include real-time inventory updates, dynamic pricing calculations, invoicd generation, and detailed rental history tracking. The system caters to various user needs allowing administrators to manage car records and rental transactions efficiently whilq enabling customers to view available vehicles and rental details. RMS aims to enhance operational efficiency, minimize human errors, and improve custome! satisfaction by offering a scalable, secure, and easy-to-use platform for car rental businesses.SNe en cnnernees Objectives: The main goal of developing the Car Rental Management System is to provide a eflicient and user-friendly platform for managing car rentals, customers, and relate: processes ina car rental business. The system focuses on optimizing resource utilization and ensuring a seamless experience for both administrators and customers. © Provide an intuitive interface for administrators to manage customer details, including adding, viewing, and updating customer records as needed. + Allow the efficient management of car inventory by enabling the addition, viewing and deletion of car records along with associated details like car model, type, price pei day, and registration number. Automate the rental process by calculating the total cost of rentals based on thd number of days and car pricing while ensuring accurate and real-time updates. * Facilitate the seamless management of rental transactions, including viewing curren| and past rentals and handling the return process for rented cars, Provide an organized overview of all transactions and data through a tab-based GUI. enabling easy navigation and task execution. 4 Ensure data security and integrity through the use of a robust MySQL database td store and manage all system data effectively. Offer real-time synchronization between the backend database and the GUI, ensuring that users always work with up-to-date information, % Provide a scalable system that can easily accommodate future updates, such as new features or additional functionality, to meet the evolving needs of the business This system is designed to streamline the core operations of a car rental business, ensuring accuracy, efficiency, and user satisfaction.ed ee Description: The Car Rental Management System (CRMS) is designed to enhance the efficiency an functionality of managing a car rental business. The system allows administrators to manag various aspects of the business, including customers, cars, rentals, and transactions. Th system provides an easy-to-use graphical interface for interacting with the database ang performing CRUD operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete) on different data entities. The user interface is divided into three main sections: Customer Management, Cay Management, and Rental Management, Each section provides options to add, view, update, or delete relevant data. + Customer Management: This section allows administrators to add, view, and update customer details such as name, phone number, and email address. + Car Management: Administrators can add new cars, view car details, and deletq cars that are no longer in use, Car details include model, brand, price per day, and registration number. + Rental Management: This section enables administrators to handle car rentals; including creating new rental transactions, calculating rental duration and costs and viewing or updating rental details. In the backend, the database consists of several tables to organize data efficiently. Eac table contains primary keys (often automatically generated numbers) to uniquel identify records. The key tables in the database are: + Customers: Stores customer information such as name, contact details, and email. + Cars: Stores details about the cars available for rent, including model, brand, price, and registration information. + Rentals: Tracks rental transactions, including the customer, car, rental date, return date, and total cost.ee ee ee > > ° 2 Oe ee ee The database is implemented using MySQL, and all updates made through the systen are committed to the database in real-time, ensuring data integrity and accuracy. Thq system is designed to provide a scamless experience for administrators whilq maintaining a secure and reliable data management process... CHAPTER 3 3. DATABASE DESIGN 3.1 REQUIREMENTS: 3.1.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: Server Side: + Programming language: Python + Database: SQL 5.7.19 Client Side: + Programming language: Python + OS: windows7/8/10 or any OS HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: ‘A desktop or laptop with a proper internet connection 500GB of storage for optimal operation Minimum of 4GB ram Any operating system is compatibleee CONCEPTUAL DESIG! E-R DIAGRAM: [ewstemer ts] Prmary key weeweeswe we ee ee @ ° VARCHAR | VARCHAR | car type DECIMAL | price_per_day ‘VARCHAR | registration_number f j a °e Primary Key ‘customer id | Foreign Key to CUSTOMERS n Key t0 CARS eeveusuveeew vive oe e ° « iEee , 3 , IMPLEMENTATION ’ ‘The Car Rental Management System is designed to facilitate efficient management of car ° rentals, customer information, and rental transactions, It is built around a MySQL database, leveraging its powerful relational database capabilities for storing and retrieving} ’ data related to cars, customers, and rentals. The system integrates a Python backend with 5 e / ’ a Tkintcr-based graphical user interface (GUI) for ease of use. Below is an overview of ’ the system's implementation. > ; Database Design: The system uses a well-structured relational database, consisting of three primary tables: customers, cars, and rentals. These tables are linked through foreign key constraints to ensure data integrity and maintain consistent relationships across the system. The customers table stores personal information such as names, email, and phone numbers. The cars table stores details like car models, types, price per day, and registration numbers. The rentals table keeps track of rental transactions, linking customers and cars and calculating the total rental price based on the duration. The database structure is as follows: Customers Table: Stores customer details with a primary key customer_id. Cars Table: Stores car details with a primary key car_id. Rentals Table: Links customers and cars, stores rental dates, return dates, and the total price, with foreign keys referencing the customers and cars tables. Backend Implementation The backend is developed using Python and MySQL. The system uses mysql.connector for connecting to the MySQL database and performing operations like adding cars, adding customers, managing rentals, and deleting records. Each operation is encapsulated in Python functions, such as add_car, view_cars, rent_car, and return_car. These functions are designed to interact with the database and ensure that all data is appropriately added or updated. The core operations include: ‘Add Car: Adds a new car to the system with details like model, type, price per day, and registration number. View Cars: Retrieves all cars in the system. Delete Car: Deletes a car record from the system by its ID. ‘Add Customer: Registers a new customer with their name, email, and phone number. View Customers: Retrieves a list of all customers. Rent Car: Processes a car rental, calculates the total price based on the rental duration, and stores the rental transaction. Return Car: Removes a rental record when the car is returned Stored procedures are used for specific actions, ensuring that operations like adding a car, adding a customer, and renting a car are reusable and encapsulated at the database level reFrontend Implementation: The frontend is built using Tkinter, a popular Python library for creating GUT appheations. The GUL is divided into three tabs Customer Tab: Allows users to add new customers and view existing customer records. Car Tab: Facilitates car management, including adding new cars, viewing existing cars, and deleting ears. Rental Tab: Manages the rental process, including renting cars, viewing active rentals, and processing car returns. The GUI uses a Treeview widget to display lists of customers, cars, and rentals, allowing users to interact with the system's data. Users can add new records through input fields, and existing records can be viewed and refreshed. Key Features: Real-time Data Updates: The system ensures that data is always current by refreshing the displayed records after each action, such as adding a customer or renting a car. User Validation: Input fields are validated to ensure that required information (like customer name, car model, etc.) is provided. Date inputs are validated to ensure they are in the correct format (YYYY-MM-DD). Error Handling: The system includes error handling to ensure that actions such as adding records or processing rentals are only completed when the necessary conditions are met. Example Operations: Adding a Customer: When a user inputs customer details and clicks the "Add Customer" button, the system adds the customer to the customers table in the database and then displays the updated customer list. Renting a Car: A customer can rent a car by providing their ID, the car's ID, and rental dates. The system calculates the total rental price and stores the rental transaction in the rentals table. Viewing Rentals: The system displays a list of active rentals, showing the customer name, car model, rental dates, and total price. Deployment and Scalability: The backend is designed to scale as the number of customers and rental transactions grows. The MySQL database is optimized for performance, using indexing and query optimization techniques to handle large volumes of data, The application is lightweight and can be deployed on local or cloud servers with adequate storage and processing power to handle expected traffic.BACKEND COD) SQL STATEMENTS: Create the database: CREATE DATABASE car_rental_system; ~- Use the database USE car_rental_system; ~ Create table for customers CREATE TABLE customers ( customer_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(100), email VARCHAR(100), phone VARCHAR(15) M50 Workbench acter 2.80 Fe Eat Mee Guay Catne Server Tools Soiteg Helo Oe hea Bx CHEATE TABLE custoners ( eustoner_id INT AUTO INGRIMENT PRIMARY KEY, ae VARCHARES20) (ena8 VARCHAR prone vancnan(is) ~- Create table for cars CREATE TABLE cars ( car_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, car_model VARCHAR(100), car_type VARCHAR(50), price_per_day DECIMAL(10, 2), registration_number VARCHAR(S0)~~ y,,yTryTVTwecseeveeve 1B 4501 Wosenen A Uccalenirce SOL fie Gt ew Quay entine Same Took Snctng Hele CVS PHn Re sonens SW ENO & OO) Uemm VAL D 7 gyri ” 5d Int a0. cen Se " ar ode VBC), & Bowetocetoes » arty VARHHE(), te TaSH ened ( » price_per_day O¥cImAL(16, 295 a reatatra 2 unter VARCHAR) ~- Create table for rentals, CREATE TABLE rentals ( rental_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, customer_id INT, car_id INT, rental_date DATE, return_date DATE, total_price DECIMAL(10, 2), FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers(customer_id), FOREIGN KEY (car_id) REFERENCES cars(car_id) BBM 50. Wortoenen fe Lecsientwee ysaten fe Eat ew amy Ganbuee over Teae Geers Hep ae SEH aw sommas Ge xeQue z 25 6) CREATE TARLE rentals ( ee Bt] enalprice OCCI™ALG, 2) 2 FORetG X69 (eustoner id) REFERENCES custoners customer S45 3 Fone1cn KEY Ce aaa 25 © use car_rental system 54) HeFeaenets cors(car_id)BACKEND.PY: import mysql connector # Datahace connection dh = mysql eonnectoy paseword= datahase="ear_rental_system” ) cursor = db.cursor() # -=. Car Management deFadd_cartcar_model, car_type, price_per_day, registration_number): cursor execute “INSERT INTO cars (car_model, car_type. price_per_day, registration_number) VALUES (%s, %s, (car_model, car_type, price_per_day, registration_number) ) db.commit() def view_cars(): cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM cars") return cursor.fetchall() def delete_car(car_id) cursor.execute("DELETE FROM cars WHERE car_id = %s", (car_id,)) db.commi() # —- Customer Management defadd_customer(name, phone, email): cursor executet “INSERT INTO customers (name, phone, email) VALUES (%s, %s, %S)", (name, phone, email) ) db.commit() def view_customers(): cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM customers") return cursor.fetchall() 4 ---- Rental Management ---- def rent_car(customer_id, car_id, rental_date, return_date): cursor exccute("SELECT price per_day FROM cars WHERE car_id = %s", (car_id,)) price per_day = cursor.fetchone()[0) cursor execute “SELECT DATEDIFE(%S, %8)". (return date, rental. date) ) rental duration = cursor.fetchone()[0] total_price = price per day * rental_durationcursor.execute( car id, rental_date, return_date, total price) INSERT INTO rentals (customer_id, VALUES (%5, %8, %8, %S, %8) (customer_id, car_id, rental_date, return_date, total_price) ) # Update car availability db.commit() def view_rentals(): ‘cursor.execute(™ SELECT rrental_id, e.name, cat FROM rentals ¢ JOIN customers ¢ ON r.customer. JOIN cars car ON r.car_id = car.car_id rear model, rrental_date, rretum_date, rtotal price customer_id return cursor.fetchall() def return_car(rental_id, car_id): ‘cursor execute("DELETE FROM rentals WHERE rental_id db.commit() = %s", (rental_id,)) # Close connection defclose_connection(): cursor.close() db.close()FRONT END CODE(Using Tkinter): car_rental_gu import thinter as tk from thinter import itk, messagebox import backend from datetime import datetime class CarRentalSystem(tk.Tk): def _init_(self): super()._init_Q self.title("Car Rental System") self. geometry("1000x1000") # Create tabs self-tabs = ttk.Notebook(self) self.customer_tab = ttk.Frame(self.tabs) self.car_tab = ttk.Frame(self.tabs) self.rental_tab = ttk.Frame(self-tabs) self.tabs.add(self.customer_tab, text="Customers") self.tabs.add(self.car_tab, text self.tabs.add(self.rental_tab, t self.tabs.pack(expand=I, fill # Initialize tabs self.init_customer_tab() self init_car_tab() self.init_rental_tab() def init_customer_tab(sel!) “Customer Management" frame = self.customer_tab tk Label( frame, text="Name").grid(row=0, column=0) self.customer_name ~ tk.Entry( frame) selfcustomer_name.grid(row=0, column=1) tk.Label( frame, text="Email").grid(row=I, column=0) self.customer_phone = tk,Entry( frame) self.customer_phone.grid(row=1, column=1) tk.Label( frame, text="Phone").grid(row=2, column=0) self.customer_email = tk.Entry( frame) self.customer_email.grid(row=2, column=1) tk.Button(frame, text="Add Customer", command=self.add_customer).grid(row=3, column= ‘columnspan=2) self.customer_list = ttk.Treeview( frame, columns=("ID", "Name", "Phone", "Ema show="headings") self.customer_list.heading("ID", text="ID")selfcustomer list heading("Name", text="Name") self customer list heading("E mail”, text="Email") self customer list heading(’Phone", text="Phone") self.customer_list_grid(row=4, column-0, columnspan=2) th Button( frame, text="Refiesh”, command-self. view_customers).grid(row=5, column cohimnspan=2) it_car_tabyself): "Car Management""™ frame = selfcar_tab Model"). grid(row=0, column=0) ii k.Entry( frame) self.car_model.grid(row=0, column=1) tk Label( frame, text="Brand”).grid(row=1, column=0) self.car_brand = tk.Entry( frame) self.car_brand.grid(row=1, column=1) tk Label( frame, text="Price/Day").grid(row: self.car_price = tk Entry( frame) self.car_price.grid(row=2, column=1) tk.Label( frame, text="Registration No"). grid(row=: self.car_registration = tk.Entry( frame) self.car_registration.grid(row=3, column=1) tk Button(frame, text="Add Car", command=self.add_car).grid(row=4, column=0, columnspan=2) self.car_list = ttk, Treeview( frame, columns=("ID", "Model", "Brand", "Price/Day”, "Registration". show="headings") self.car_hist.heading("ID", text="ID") self.car_list.heading("Model", text="Model") self.car_list.heading("Brand”, text="Brand” self.car_list.heading("Registration’, text="Registration”) self.car_list.heading("Price/Day", text="Price/Day") self.car_list.grid(row=S, column=0, columnspan=2) tk Button({rame, text="Refresh", command=self.view_cars).grid(row=6, column=0, columnspan=2) def init_rental_tab(self): "Rental Management frame = self,rental_tab tk Label( frame, text="Customer ID").grid(row=0, column=0) self.rental_customer_id = tk.L:ntry( frame) self,rental_customer_id.grid(row=0, column=1) tk Label( frame, text="Car ID").grid(row=1, column=0) self.rental_car_id = tk.E:ntry(Srame) self.rental_car_id.grid(row=1, column=1)MK Labeli frame, text "Rental Date*) gral now scl remal dete = 1h Pmnryt frame) cl remal dete prsdi row 2. eohimn-9) cohimm= 1) frame. text= "Return Date“) ern row=2, cohimn-0) um date = 1k Entry frame) self retum date erdirow= 3, cohinm=1) 1 Bution frame, text="Rent Car*, command=self rent_car) grid(row=4, column=0, columnspan-2) self rental ist = th Treeview( frame, cohimns-CID", "Customer", °C: Date"), show="headinge”) self rental het headme( "HD", text=1D") self rental net heading( “Customer”, text="Customer") self rental Inet heading( Car", text="Car’) Sclf rental. ret heading(“Rental Date”, text="Rental Date") self rental hist heading(“Retum Date”, text="Return Date") self-rental_ist.grid(row=S, column=0, columnspan=2) ", "Rental Date", "Return th Button( frame. text="Re fresh”, command=self, view_rentals).grid(row- . columnspan=2) def add_customentself): w*Add a new customer™™" fame = self customer_name.get().strip() Phone ~ self customer_phone.get().strip() email ~ sclf customer_email.get().strip() if not name or not phone or not email: messagcbox showerror("Error", "All fields are required.") return uy backend add_customer(name, phone, email) messazehox show info("Success”, "Customer added successfully!") self view customers() except Exception as ¢: messazenon.showerror("Error", f*Failed to add customer: {e}") def view_customers( sel) "View all customers” customers = backend. view_customers() for row in self.customer_list.get_children(): self.customer list delete(row) for customer in customers: selfcustomer fist ansert ustomer) def add carl seit) *" Add a new car’ model = self car model get().strip() brand = sell car brand get() strip() price = sell.car price pet() strip) Fegistration = self.car_ registration get().strip()if not model or not brand oF not price oF not registration: messagebox. showerror("Etor", "All fields are required.") return try backend.add_car(model, brand, price, registration) messagebox.show info("Success”, "Car added successfully!") self.view_cars() except Exception as messagebox.showerror("Ettor", {"Failed to add car: {e} def view_cars(self) iew allears""™" cars = backend, view_cars() for row in self.car_list.get_children(): self.car_list.delete(row) for car in cars: self.car_list.insert("", "end", values=car) def rent_car(self) Rent a car"™" customer_id = self.rental_customer_id.get().strip() car_id = self,rental_car_id.get().strip() rental_date = self.rentai_date.get().strip() return_date = self.return_date.get().strip() ty: datetime.strptime(rental_date, "%Y-%om-%d") # validate date format datetime.strptime(return_date, "%eY-Yom-%d") # validate date format except ValueError: messagebox.showerror("Error", "Invalid date format. Please use YYYY-MM-DD.") retum if not customer_id or not car_id or not rental_date or not return_date: messagebox.showerror("Error", "All fields are required.") return try: backend.rent_car(eustomer id, cari, rental_date,return_ date) messagebox.showinfo("Success", "Car rented successfully") self.view_rentals() except Exception as ¢: messagebox.showerror( "Error", f'Failed to rent car: {e}") def view_rentals(self): ‘View all rentals" rentals = backend. view_rentals() for row in self.rental_list.get_children(): self.rental_list.delete(row) for rental in rentals: self,rental_list.insert("™, "end", values=rental) if_name_=="_main_": app = CarRentalSystem()app.maintoop0) R INTERFACE 4.1 SCREEN SHOTS CUSTOMERS PAGE: 4 cr Ren Sem Ceaees Can Renae Nee | Emel i stato serese210 peers sernuss? sersean0 seese20 5 « =| CARS PAGE: FeetRENTALS PAGE: Pe ante peor eon Penta ite Innove Conta Batene crete Sw Done LF Success: 2028-12-06 ata pens-12-8 meaer210 2028-1240preioasDATABASE (MySQL WorkBench) : use car_rental system select * tree rentals era astoner id cord rental date retin dete 024-1201 2024-1205 2024-1202 20241206 2024-1203 20241207 2024-12-04 2024-12-08 2024-12-05 2024-12-10 2624-12-05 2024-12-10 pordartl 202401-11 cassewn Gre astore id nome aeyon Soh Prva Sharm Rahs Verna Kevya Nar fot Pete Ssrvon Kaur Svan Kaw Lasya Kiana AB Fre Roo ovat custoners co 9876542210 ayenGeranple 9120456789 sharmagerangl 9888776655 _verma example 9785432109 nar @examcle 9871234567 pateiBeramle 35. © use car_rental_system 36Q select * From cars ” Rest Gnd SY AY Fae Rows: cod cored car type yo Sw ROwe Mab Sualy 2 Cea Hyunda! 3 rovtrysta Toyota 4 Ecosport Ford 5 Balen Marat Suds 6 ene Hunde 7 vene Heard Beale Maru cs co oo 9876543120 kaurGexamoe, 9876543120 lau Gexandle, 99392833, om tssoy@magie on c6t iy C0, Eb eareningert ce pe doy _regsbabon number tson0o | sei2a8s234 nooo 403005673 yoo ouoxer8012 1son09 TNOTES6 1600.00 waa 7980 pmo RNALZHS oe RDIAL2385 10F 320 os [ne dy Sb Eh iteoreom if Gy weenCONCLUSION ‘The Car Rental Management System has been successfully implemented as a comprehensive application that efficiently manages car rentals, customer information, and rental transactions. This system provides @ user-friendly interface for administrators to manage operations, ensuring seamless interaction between the frontend, built with Tkintr, andthe backend, powered by Python and MySQL- Utilizing MySQL as the database management system offers several advantages, including its flexibility, reliability, and ability to handle large volumes of data. The integration with Python’s mysql-connector and the use of a structured database schema have enabled the system to achieve data integrity and efficient query execution. ‘This project bridges theoretical knowledge with practical implementation, highlighting the significance of applying academic concepts to real-world scenarios. Developing the Car Rental Management System provided valuable insights into database design, user interface development, and backend integration, further honing the skills necessary for a career in computer science and software engineering. The experience gained through this project underscores the importance of practical exposure, enabling a deeper understanding of concepts like relational databases, CRUD operations, and GUI programming. This project serves as a robust foundation for future endeavors in creating more complex and scalable applications.TEN sgomie Anphieation Development: Develop a mobile Metis aM MIMO HET AEE. app for OS and Android platforms to facilitate easy €ar ne Availability Updat . eal Time Availability Update: Enable real-time car availability tracking to avoid booking conflicts and qnere seamless Operations, gocure Payment Integration: Integrate secure payment J : a rateways ust rs with diverse anc Sane transaction options. Bateways to provide customers wit admin Dashboard: Create an admin dashboard to monitor revenue, customer statistics. and rental trends, Customer Feedback System: Introduce a feature for customers to submit reviews and ratings for cars and serves, Loyalty Programs: Offer loyalty rewards or discounts for frequent users to encourage repeat bookings. Dynamic Pricing: Implement dynamic pricing based on demand, duration, and seasonal factors. Automated Notifications: Provide SMS and email notifications for booking confirmations, reminders, and updates. Data Analytics: Include tools for analyzing rental trends, revenue, and customer behavior to aid decision- making Mep Integration: Add features for map-based location tracking of pickup and drop-off points. Document Verification: Allow customers to upload documents securely for ID verification during bookings.REFERENCES hups:/does.python orgy hutps://dev.mysql.convdoey ‘tkdoes.comy vw.mysql.com/ s.oracle,convew/databy hups:!pypicory/