Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant
Design
Patterns
In OO ABAP
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant
Singleton Pattern
The Singleton Pattern ensures that only one instance of a
class exists throughout the program.
When to Use?
✅ Database Connection Management – Prevents multiple
unnecessary connections.
✅ Logging Framework – Ensures centralized logging.
✅ Global Configuration Settings – Stores system-wide
configuration.
✅ Cache Management – Avoids repeated calculations by
storing results.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant
Singleton Pattern
CLASS zcl_db_connection DEFINITION CREATE PRIVATE.
PUBLIC SECTION.
CLASS-METHODS get_instance RETURNING VALUE(ro_instance)
TYPE REF TO zcl_db_connection.
METHODS execute_query RETURNING VALUE(rt_data) TYPE TABLE
OF mara.
PRIVATE SECTION.
CLASS-DATA: go_instance TYPE REF TO zcl_db_connection.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS zcl_db_connection IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD get_instance.
IF go_instance IS INITIAL.
CREATE OBJECT go_instance.
ENDIF.
ro_instance = go_instance.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD execute_query.
SELECT * FROM mara INTO TABLE rt_data UP TO 10 ROWS.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
🔹 Why Singleton Here?
•Ensures one database connection is used throughout the program.
•Prevents unnecessary object creation, improving performance.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant
Factory Pattern
The Factory Pattern provides a centralized way to create
objects dynamically without specifying their concrete class.
When to Use?
✅ When you need multiple object instances dynamically
✅ When the object type is unknown at compile-time
✅ When object creation logic is complex
✅ When you want to decouple object creation from
implementation
Example: Factory for Material Object Creation
CLASS zcl_material_factory DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
CLASS-METHODS create_material RETURNING VALUE(ro_material) TYPE REF TO
zif_material.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS zcl_material_factory IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD create_material.
CREATE OBJECT ro_material TYPE zcl_material.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
Why Factory Here?
✅ Allows dynamic creation of different material types.
✅ Hides complex object creation logic inside the factory.
✅ Helps switch implementations without modifying existing code.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant
Decorator Pattern
Adds extra functionality to an object dynamically without
modifying its structure.
📌 Use Case: Sales Order Pricing Calculation
✅ Add different pricing components (e.g., discount, tax,
shipping) dynamically to a sales order.
CLASS zcl_base_price DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS get_price RETURNING VALUE(rv_price) TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS zcl_discount DEFINITION INHERITING FROM zcl_base_price.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS get_price REDEFINITION.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS zcl_discount IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD get_price.
rv_price = super->get_price( ) - 10. " Apply Discount
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
✅ Sales orders can be extended with different pricing
rules dynamically.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant
Observer Pattern
✅ When one object changes state, multiple dependent
objects get notified automatically.
📌 Use Case: Stock Update Notification for Multiple Systems
✅ When stock is updated in SAP MM, SD, WM, and FI should
automatically get notified.
INTERFACE zif_observer.
METHODS update.
ENDINTERFACE.
CLASS zcl_stock_manager DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
DATA observers TYPE TABLE OF REF TO zif_observer.
METHODS add_observer IMPORTING io_observer TYPE REF TO zif_observer.
METHODS notify_observers.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS zcl_stock_manager IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD add_observer.
APPEND io_observer TO observers.
ENDMETHOD.
METHOD notify_observers.
LOOP AT observers INTO DATA(lo_observer).
lo_observer->update( ).
ENDLOOP.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
✅ Now, all systems linked to stock updates get
automatically notified.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant
Facade Pattern
✅ Provides a simplified interface to a complex system.
📌 Use Case: Simplifying Order Processing (SD, FI, MM
Integration)
✅ Instead of calling multiple SAP modules separately, we create
a single entry point.
CLASS zcl_order_facade DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS process_order.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS zcl_order_facade IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD process_order.
DATA(lo_sd) = NEW zcl_sd_process( ).
DATA(lo_mm) = NEW zcl_mm_process( ).
DATA(lo_fi) = NEW zcl_fi_process( ).
lo_sd->create_sales_order( ).
lo_mm->check_inventory( ).
lo_fi->create_invoice( ).
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
✅ One method call processes the entire order instead of
multiple function calls.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant
Proxy Pattern
✅ Acts as a placeholder for another object to control access.
📌 Use Case: Restrict Access to Sensitive SAP Data (e.g.,
Salary Info)
CLASS zcl_salary_proxy DEFINITION.
PUBLIC SECTION.
METHODS get_salary IMPORTING iv_user TYPE string RETURNING
VALUE(rv_salary) TYPE p DECIMALS 2.
ENDCLASS.
CLASS zcl_salary_proxy IMPLEMENTATION.
METHOD get_salary.
IF iv_user = 'HR_MANAGER'.
rv_salary = 5000. " Allowed
ELSE.
rv_salary = 0. " Restricted
ENDIF.
ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.
✅ Now, salary details are restricted based on roles.
Abid Ali
SAP Technical Consultant
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