Scribd
Upload
29 views27 pages

Chapter # 4 - Energy and Power

This lecture covers the concepts of energy and power, defining power as the rate of energy usage and explaining its relationship with time. It discusses power calculations in electric circuits, including formulas for power in terms of current and resistance, as well as voltage. Additionally, it addresses resistor power ratings and the factors influencing a resistor's ability to dissipate power without damage.

Uploaded by

oabc44394
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views27 pages

Chapter # 4 - Energy and Power

This lecture covers the concepts of energy and power, defining power as the rate of energy usage and explaining its relationship with time. It discusses power calculations in electric circuits, including formulas for power in terms of current and resistance, as well as voltage. Additionally, it addresses resistor power ratings and the factors influencing a resistor's ability to dissipate power without damage.

Uploaded by

oabc44394
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LECTURE # 4

 Energy and Power


 Power in an Electric Circuit
 Resistor Power Ratings
 Energy Conversion and Voltage Drop in Resistance
 Power Supplies and Batteries
 Energy is the ability to do work, and power is the rate at which
energy is used.
 Power (P) is a certain amount of energy (W) used in a certain length
of time (t), expressed as follows:
P = W/t (1)
 where P is power in watts (W), W is energy in joules (J), and t is time
in seconds (s).
 Note that an italic W is used to represent energy in the form of work
and a nonitalic W is used for watts, the unit of power. The joule (J) is
the SI unit of energy.
 Energy in joules divided by time in seconds gives power in watts. For
example, if 50 J of energy are used in 2 s, the power is 50 J/2 W. By
definition,

 One watt (W) is the amount of power when one joule of energy is used in
one second.

 if 75 J are used in 1 s, the power is P = W/t = 75J/1s = 75 W


 Units with metric prefixes e.g, milliwatts (mW), microwatts and picowatts
(pW) are also in common use
 Power is the rate at which energy is used, as expressed in Equation 1
P = W/t
 power utilized over a period of time represents energy consumption.
 If you multiply power in watts and time in seconds, you have energy
in joules, symbolized by W.
W = Pt
 As power is expressed in watts and time in seconds, units of energy
called the watt-second (Ws), watt-hour (Wh), and kilowatt-hour
(kWh) can be used.
 We use a kilowatt-hour of energy when we use one thousand watts
of power for one hour. For example, a 100 W light bulb burning for
10 h uses 1 kWh of energy.
 W = Pt = (100 W)(10 h) = 1000 Wh = 1 kWh
 When there is current through resistance, the collisions of the
electrons produce heat as a result of the conversion of electrical
energy, as indicated in Figure 1.
 The amount of power dissipated in an electric circuit is dependent
on the amount of resistance and on the amount of current,
expressed as follows:
P = I²R (2)

 Power in terms of Voltage and Current


P = I²R = (I * I )R = I(IR) = (IR)I = VI (3)

 Power in terms of Voltage and Current


P = VI = V (V/R)
P = V²/R (4)
The power rating is the maximum amount of power that a resistor can
dissipate without being damaged by excessive heat buildup.
The power rating is determined mainly by the physical composition, size,
and shape of the resistor.
All else being equal, the larger the surface area of a resistor, the more
power it can dissipate.
The surface area of a cylindrically shaped resistor is equal to the length (l)
times the circumference (c), as indicated in Figure 4. The area of the ends
is not included.
Thank you!

You might also like