2025

By:By: Noah.Zelealem
Noah.Zelealem
[Type the company name]
Global.Citz: Assignment
3/6/2025
21/03/2025
 Table of Content

Introduction-------------------------------------- 1

Cause of climate change-------------------- 1

Effects of climate change-------------------- 3

Impacts of climate change------------------- 5

Solution to climate change----------------- 8

References------------------------------------ 11
Introduction
Climate change: Is about how the Earth's weather patterns are
shifting over a long period.

We burn a ton of fossil fuels coal, oil, gas and that releases
gases and trap heat in the atmosphere. Think of it like a
blanket around the Earth. That's making the planet warmer,
which is called global warming.

And it's not just about having warm temperatures, but It

causes different weathers, like hurricane, flood, and longer
drought. Sea levels are rising, and the ecosystem is getting
messed up. It's a pretty serious situation, and it's something
that affects everyone in the world.

Causes of climate change

1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
The most significant driver of climate change is the increase in
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat and lead
to a warming of the Earth's surface. Key greenhouse gases include:

A. Burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy,
transportation, and industrial processes.
B. During the production and transportation of coal, oil, and
natural gas. Agriculture, especially livestock farming, is also a
significant source of methane.
C. Agricultural activities, including fertilizer use, and from
industrial processes
 D. Synthetic gases used in various industrial applications, such as
refrigeration and air conditioning.

2. Deforestation
Trees absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, so
deforestation reduces the planet's capacity to absorb CO2.
When forests are cleared for agriculture, logging, or urban
development

3. Agriculture
Agriculture contributes to climate change in various ways:

Livestock: Cows, sheep, and other livestock produce methane

during digestion (enteric fermentation).

Rice Paddies: Rice farming creates anaerobic conditions,

which lead to methane emissions.

Use of Fertilizers: Synthetic fertilizers can release nitrous

oxide, a potent greenhouse gas.

4. Waste Management
Decomposing organic waste in landfills generates methane.
Additionally, improper waste treatment contributes to
emissions.

5. Land Use Changes

Alterations to land, such as urbanization, agriculture, and
industrial development, can release greenhouse gases,
especially if the land has been previously carbon-rich (e.g.,
wetlands or peat lands).
Cause of Climate Change in percentage;
Industries 21%
Transportation14%
Buildings6%
Agriculture, forestry and other land use24%
Electricity and heat production25%
Other energies10%

The Effects of Climate Change

Temperature Shifts:
 Observed increases in average global temperatures.
 Longer periods of warmer weather in many regions.
 Shifts in seasonal temperature patterns.
Hydrological Changes:
Change in rainfall patterns, with some areas experiencing
increased rainfall and others experiencing droughts.
 Changes in the timing and volume of snowmelt in mountainous
regions.

 Gradual warming of ocean surface temperatures.

 Subtle rises in average sea levels.

Ecologic Adjustments:
 Observable changes in the timing of plant growing and
animal migration.
 Shifts in the distribution of certain animals.
 Changes in the health and distribution
 Observable changes in the timing of insect emergence.
Atmosphere Observations:
 Increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
 Changes to the oceans.

The Major Elements of Weather and Climate

Include: Temperatures, Rainfall, Winds, Air pressure, Clouds
Climate may vary from place to place and from one society to
another. Now the heat from Sahara and Kalhari is so hot it’s
one of the climate change examples.
Impacts of Climate Change
1. Rising Global Temperatures

Heat waves: Higher temperatures contribute to more frequent and

severe heat waves, leading to health risks, particularly for vulnerable
populations like the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions.

Melting Ice: The warming of the planet causes glaciers and polar ice
caps to melt, leading to rising sea levels.

2. Rising Sea Levels

Coastal Flooding: Melting ice contributes to the rise in sea levels,

which can lead to flooding of coastal areas. Low-lying islands and
cities are at risk of disappearing, displacing millions of people.

Erosion: Increased sea levels contribute to the erosion of coastlines,

damaging infrastructure and ecosystems.

3. Extreme Weather Events

More Intense Hurricanes, Cyclones, and Typhoons: Warmer ocean

temperatures intensify storms, leading to more destructive hurricanes
and typhoons that cause widespread damage.

Heavy Rainfall and Flooding: Extreme weather also results in severe

floods, affecting communities, agriculture, and infrastructure.

4. Ocean Acidification

Threat to Marine Life: Higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the

atmosphere lead to more CO2 being absorbed by the oceans, causing
the water to become more acidic. This threatens coral reefs and
marine species like shellfish and fish that depend on calcium
carbonate for their shells and skeletons.
5. Biodiversity Loss

Species Extinction: Many species are unable to adapt quickly enough

to the changing climate, leading to shifts in ecosystems and even the
extinction of vulnerable species.

Disrupted Ecosystems: Climate change can alter habitats, leading to

the disruption of biodiversity. For example, warmer temperatures
may cause species to migrate to cooler areas, changing ecosystems.

6. Impact on Agriculture and Food Security

Crop Failures: Changes in precipitation patterns, droughts, and

extreme weather can severely impact crop yields, leading to food
shortages.

Fisheries at Risk: Warmer oceans and altered ecosystems affect fish

populations, threatening global food sources, particularly for
communities that rely on fishing.

7. Human Health

Spread of Diseases: Warmer temperatures and changing rainfall

patterns can expand the range of diseases like malaria, dengue, and
Zika virus, as mosquitoes and other disease vectors migrate to new
areas.

Air Quality and Respiratory Issues: Higher temperatures and air

pollution contribute to respiratory problems, especially in urban
areas.

8. Water Scarcity

Droughts: Changes in rainfall patterns and increased evaporation

rates are contributing to more frequent and prolonged droughts,
affecting water supplies for drinking, agriculture, and industry.
Depleted Freshwater Resources: Glacial retreat, reduced snowpack,
and shifting rainfall patterns are all reducing available freshwater in
many regions.

9. Economic Impact

Damage to Infrastructure: Extreme weather events and rising sea

levels damage infrastructure, requiring significant economic resources
for recovery and adaptation.

Increased Costs for Agriculture: Climate change can disrupt food

production, leading to increased costs for consumers and businesses,
especially in the agriculture sector.

10. Social and Political Effects

Displacement and Migration: Rising sea levels, droughts, and extreme

weather events force people to migrate, leading to climate refugees
and social tensions over resources.

Conflict Over Resources: Climate-induced scarcity of resources like

water and food may lead to conflict, particularly in vulnerable regions
where resources are already limited.

11. Changes in Ecosystem

Decline in Ecosystem Services: Ecosystems provide services like water

purification, carbon sequestration, and pollination, which are
disrupted by climate change. This leads to increased vulnerability of
humans and wildlife to environmental stressors.
MY PERSPECTIVE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
My perspective of climate is negative cause with climate change
constant droughts, rain falls and flooding will occur so that means we
can’t grow change some don’t even listen to people so we must take
action and try to reduce it ourselves.

Solution to climate change

From the way we travel, to the electricity we use and the food we
eat, we can make a difference. Start with these ten actions to
help tackle the climate crisis.
Save energy at home
Much of our electricity and heat is powered by coal, oil and gas.
Use less energy by lowering your heating and cooling, switching
to LED light bulbs and energy-efficient electric appliances,
washing your laundry with cold water or hanging things to dry
instead of using a dryer.
Eat more vegetables
Eating more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, nuts and
seeds, and less meat and dairy, can significantly lower your
environmental impact. Producing plant-based foods generally
results in fewer greenhouse gas emissions and requires less
energy, land and water.
Walk, cycle or take public transport
The world’s roads are clogged with vehicles, most of them
burning diesel or petrol. Walking or riding a bike instead of driving
will reduce greenhouse gas emissions – and help your health and
fitness. For longer distances, consider taking a train or bus. And
carpool whenever possible.
Consider your travel
Aeroplanes burn large amounts of fossil fuels,
producing significant greenhouse gas emissions. That
makes taking fewer flights one of the fastest ways to
reduce your environmental impact. When you can,
meet virtually, take a train or skip that long-distance trip
altogether.
Throw away less food
When you throw food away, you're also wasting the
resources and energy that were used to grow,
produce, package and transport it. And when food
rots in a landfill, it produces methane, a powerful
greenhouse gas. So use what you buy and compost any leftovers.
Reduce, reuse, repair & recycle

Electronics, clothes and other items we buy cause

carbon emissions at each point in production, from the
extraction of raw materials to manufacturing and transporting
goods to market. To protect our climate, buy fewer things, shop
second-hand, repair what you can and recycle.
Change your home's source of energy

Ask your utility company if your home energy comes

from oil, coal or gas. If possible, see if you can switch to
renewable sources such as wind or solar. Or install
solar panels on your roof to generate energy for you.
Switch to an electric vehicle

If you plan to buy a car, consider going electric, with

more and cheaper models coming on the market.
Even if they still run on electricity produced from
fossil fuels, electric cars help reduce air pollution
significantly fewer greenhouse gas emissions than petrol or
diesel-powered vehicles.

References:
 Grade9 geography, grade 7 and 8 Social Studies guide,
 year 9 Pearson global, geography Pearson (9-1)
geography, Wikipedia,
 UN.org,
 Britannica
 and finally Encyclopedia