Phycology (Algae)

1. Introduction and General Account of Algae

1. Algae mostly live in:

A) Water
B) Desert
C) Mountains
D) Sand
Ans: A

2. Algae are:
A) Simple plants
B) Animals
C) Insects
D) Fungi
Ans: A

3. Algae do not have:

A) Roots
B) Leaves
C) Flowers
D) All of these
Ans: D

4. The study of algae is called:

A) Mycology
B) Zoology
C) Phycology
D) Pathology
Ans: C

5. The body of algae is called:

A) Root
B) Stem
C) Thallus
D) Shoot
Ans: C

6. Algae are:
A) Only unicellular
B) Only multicellular
C) Both A and B
D) Only parasitic
Ans: C
7. Algae makes food by:
A) Eating other animals
B) Photosynthesis
C) Fermentation
D) None
Ans: B

8. Algae produce:
A) Nitrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon monoxide
D) Helium
Ans: B

9. Algae is found in:

A) Soil only
B) Rocks only
C) Fresh and saltwater
D) Air only
Ans: C

10. Algae is important for:

A) Soil erosion
B) Air pollution
C) Oxygen supply
D) Water pollution
Ans: C

2. Evolution and Classification of Algae

1. Algae are among the:

A) Newest life forms
B) Earliest life forms
C) Animals
D) Fungi
Ans: B

2. Algae evolved from:

A) Complex plants
B) Simple autotrophs
C) Birds
D) Reptiles
Ans: B
3. Algae is classified based on:
A) Seed shape
B) Root color
C) Pigment and food storage
D) Height
Ans: C

4. Algae can be divided into:

A) 3 groups
B) 5 groups
C) 7 main divisions
D) 10 divisions
Ans: C

5. Classification helps:
A) Confuse
B) Identify algae types
C) Ignore details
D) Hide differences
Ans: B

6. Pigments give algae there:

A) Size
B) Color
C) Shape
D) Age
Ans: B

7. Algae store food in the form of:

A) Fat
B) Sugar
C) Starch
D) Protein only
Ans: C

8. The basic body of algae is:

A) Complex
B) Highly developed
C) Simple thallus
D) Not seen
Ans: C

9. Classification also depends on:

A) Oxygen level
B) Leaf length
C) Reproduction methods
D) Number of petals
Ans: C

10. Algae is considered the first:

A) Pollinators
B) Oxygen producers
C) Disease carriers
D) Seed producers
Ans: B

3. Biochemistry and Ecology of Algae

1. Algae uses sunlight for:

A) Movement
B) Photosynthesis
C) Reproduction
D) Digestion
Ans: B

2. Algal cell walls are made of:

A) Cellulose
B) Starch
C) Bones
D) Protein
Ans: A

3. Algae store food in:

A) Plastids
B) Vacuoles
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosomes
Ans: A

4. Algae produce:
A) Lactic acid
B) Oxygen
C) Methane
D) Alcohol
Ans: B

5. Algae live in:

A) Water
B) Air only
C) Rocks only
D) Hot deserts
Ans: A

6. Algae are part of:

A) Animal group
B) Plant-like organisms
C) Virus group
D) Bacteria group
Ans: B

7. Algae affects ecosystems by:

A) Blocking sun
B) Giving oxygen
C) Eating animals
D) Stopping rainfall
Ans: B

8. Too many algae in water cause:

A) Good growth
B) Pollution
C) Algal bloom
D) Clean water
Ans: C

9. Algae are used in:

A) Rocket fuel
B) Food, medicine, fertilizer
C) Toys
D) Metal making
Ans: B

10. Algae have:

A) Chlorophyll
B) Bones
C) Teeth
D) Muscles
Ans: A

4. Economic Importance of Algae

1. Algae are used in:

A) Making plastic
B) Preparing food
C) Building houses
D) None
Ans: B
2. Algae like Spirulina are rich in:
A) Protein
B) Plastic
C) Glass
D) Oil
Ans: A

3. Red algae are used to make:

A) Agar
B) Steel
C) Gold
D) Fiber
Ans: A

4. Algae is useful in:

A) Water pollution
B) Wastewater treatment
C) Soil damage
D) Spreading germs
Ans: B

5. Algae help in:

A) Decreasing oxygen
B) Increasing oxygen
C) Burning oxygen
D) None
Ans: B

6. Algae are used as:

A) Medicine
B) Fertilizer
C) Animal feed
D) All of these
Ans: D

7. Some algae are:

A) Poisonous
B) Helpful only
C) Useless
D) None
Ans: A

8. Seaweeds are a type of:

A) Insect
B) Animal
C) Algae
D) Fungi
Ans: C

9. Algae produces about ___% of Earth's oxygen:

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50-70%
D) 100%
Ans: C

10. Algae is important in:

A) Water cycle
B) Oxygen cycle
C) Disease cycle
D) None
Ans: B

Division: Chlorophyta (Green Algae)

1. Chlorophyta are also called:

A) Blue-green algae
B) Red algae
C) Green algae
D) Brown algae
Ans: C

2. The green color in Chlorophyta is due to:

A) Xanthophyll
B) Chlorophyll
C) Hemoglobin
D) Carotene
Ans: B

3. Chlorophyta stores food as:

A) Protein
B) Starch
C) Fat
D) Sugar
Ans: B

4. Most green algae live in:

A) Soil
B) Air
C) Freshwater
D) Fire
Ans: C
5. The cell wall of Chlorophyta is made of:
A) Protein
B) Chitin
C) Cellulose
D) Keratin
Ans: C

6. An example of green algae is:

A) Spirogyra
B) Fucus
C) Batrachospermum
D) Nostoc
Ans: A

7. Chlorophyta can be:

A) Only unicellular
B) Only multicellular
C) Both
D) Not alive
Ans: C

8. Green algae reproduce by:

A) Only sexually
B) Only asexually
C) Both sexual and asexual ways
D) Not at all
Ans: C

9. Chlorophyta helps in:

A) Producing oxygen
B) Making fire
C) Causing diseases
D) Reducing sunlight
Ans: A

10. Habitat of green algae includes:

A) Forests
B) Rivers and ponds
C) Rocks only
D) Deserts only
Ans: B

Division: Charophyta
1. Charophyta are mostly found in:
A) Oceans
B) Freshwater
C) Forests
D) Dry land
Ans: B

2. Charophyta are considered close to:

A) Animals
B) Modern plants
C) Fungi
D) Insects
Ans: B

3. Charophyta are often called:

A) Seaweeds
B) Stoneworts
C) Mosses
D) Ferns
Ans: B

4. Charophyta reproduced by:

A) Spores only
B) Fragmentation and sex cells
C) Budding
D) None
Ans: B

5. Cell walls of Charophyta are rich in:

A) Wood
B) Cellulose
C) Protein
D) Starch
Ans: B

6. Charophyta have:
A) Complex roots
B) Rhizoids (root-like parts)
C) No support system
D) None
Ans: B

7. Chloroplasts of Charophyta are similar to:

A) Animals
B) Fungi
C) Higher plants
D) Viruses
Ans: C

8. Charophyta show:
A) Very simple structures
B) Some advanced plant features
C) Animal behavior
D) None
Ans: B

9. Charophyta help in:

A) Cleaning rivers
B) Causing algae bloom
C) Spreading diseases
D) Destroying plants
Ans: A

10. A common example of Charophyta is:

A) Chara
B) Ulva
C) Cladophora
D) Sargassum
Ans: A

1. Chlorophyta (Green Algae) — MCQs

1. Chlorophyta are mostly found in:

a) Deep sea
b) Freshwater
c) Deserts
d) Dry rocks

→ b) Freshwater

2. Green algae are important producers in:

a) Forests
b) Aquatic food chains
c) Mountain soils
d) Deserts

→ b) Aquatic food chains

3. Which pigment is dominant in Chlorophyta?

a) Phycocyanin
b) Chlorophyll a & b
c) Fucoxanthin
d) Phycoerythrin

→ b) Chlorophyll a & b

4. Chlorophyta helps in producing:

a) Sugarcane
b) Oxygen
c) Gold
d) Carbon dioxide

→ b) Oxygen

5. An example of Chlorophyta used in space food is:

a) Chlorella
b) Ulva
c) Volvox
d) Laminaria

→ a) Chlorella

6. Chlorophyta can be used to treat:

a) Cancer
b) Polluted water
c) Stones
d) Glass

→ b) Polluted water

7. Ulva is used as:

a) Plastic
b) Medicine
c) Edible seaweed
d) Cotton

→ c) Edible seaweed

8. Chlorophyta lives in:

a) Only saltwater
b) Fresh and marine water
c) Soil only
d) Trees only

→ b) Fresh and marine water

9. Chlorophyta are also known as:
a) Red algae
b) Brown algae
c) Green algae
d) Golden algae

→ c) Green algae

10. Volvox forms:

a) Long chains
b) Sheets
c) Colonies
d) Spores only

→ c) Colonies

11. Spirogyra is helpful in:

a) Making oil
b) Providing oxygen in ponds
c) Catching fish
d) Fuel production

→ b) Providing oxygen in ponds

12. Chlorophyta are used in:

a) Ice cream
b) Toothpaste
c) Biofuel and food supplements
d) Shoes

→ c) Biofuel and food supplements

13. The cell wall of Chlorophyta contains:

a) Lignin
b) Cellulose
c) Chitin
d) Protein

→ b) Cellulose

14. Chlorella is used in:

a) Iron production
b) Pollution control
c) Textile dyeing
d) Space travel nutrition
→ d) Space travel nutrition

15. Chlorophyta are useful in:

a) Food chains
b) Sand making
c) Rainfall
d) Fossils

→ a) Food chains

---

2. Charophyta — MCQs

1. Charophyta are closest to:

a) Animals
b) Flowering plants
c) Bacteria
d) Fungi

→ b) Flowering plants

2. Where are Charophyta mainly found?

a) Deep sea
b) Freshwater
c) Forests
d) Desert soils

→ b) Freshwater

3. The common example of Charophyta is:

a) Chara
b) Fucus
c) Sargassum
d) Ulva

→ a) Chara

4. Charophyta contribute to:

a) Marine fish farming
b) Soil formation
c) Fuel
d) Oxygen in ponds
→ d) Oxygen in ponds

5. Chara is also called:

a) Water fern
b) Stonewort
c) Seaweed
d) Root algae

→ b) Stonewort

6. Charophyta are important in studying:

a) Animal evolution
b) Plant evolution
c) Human diseases
d) Sea currents

→ b) Plant evolution

7. Charophyta store food:

a) Oil
b) Protein
c) Starch
d) Sugar

→ c) Starch

8. Charophyta are helpful in:

a) Oxygen production
b) Air pollution
c) Metal production
d) Farming tools

→ a) Oxygen production

9. The structure of Charophyta is:

a) Simple and round
b) Complex and plant-like
c) No shape
d) Animal-like

→ b) Complex and plant-like

10. Charophyta are used in:

a) Cooking oil
b) Teaching plant structure
c) Making cement
d) Water treatment

→ b) Teaching plant structure

3. Xanthophyta (Yellow-Green Algae)MCQs

1. Xanthophyta has a yellow-green color due to:

a) Chlorophyll only
b) Fucoxanthin
c) Lack of fucoxanthin
d) Phycoerythrin

c) Lack of fucoxanthin

2. Xanthophyta are mostly found in:

a) Hot springs
b) Freshwater and moist soil
c) Oceans only
d) Deserts

b) Freshwater and moist soil

3. Food stored by Xanthophyta is:

a) Starch
b) Oil and leucosin
c) Glucose
d) Protein

b) Oil and leucosin

4. Xanthophyta help in:

a) Soil stability
b) Animal hunting
c) Water heating
d) Mining

a) Soil stability

5. A common example of Xanthophyta is:

a) Vaucheria
b) Fucus
c) Spirogyra
d) Ulva

→ a) Vaucheria
6. Xanthophyta reproduces mostly by:
a) Seeds
b) Spores and fragmentation
c) Budding
d) Division

→ b) Spores and fragmentation

7. The pigments in Xanthophyta include:

a) Chlorophyll a
b) Chlorophyll a and carotenoids
c) Phycocyanin
d) Melanin

→ b) Chlorophyll a and c, carotenoids

8. They are important in:

a) Producing metals
b) Supporting micro-ecosystems
c) Making tools
d) Wind breaking

→ b) Supporting micro-ecosystems

9. Xanthophyta are mostly:

a) Multicellular only
b) Unicellular and filamentous
c) Colonial only
d) Parasitic

→ b) Unicellular and filamentous

10. They help in cleaning:

a) Clothes
b) Water
c) Oil
d) Rocks

→ b) Water

4. Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) — MCQs

1. Bacillariophyta are also known as:

a) Blue-green algae
b) Diatoms
c) Red algae
d) Green algae

→ b) Diatoms

2. The cell wall of diatoms is made of:

a) Protein
b) Calcium
c) Silica
d) Chitin

→ c) Silica

3. Diatoms are mainly found in:

a) Deserts
b) Forest soil
c) Fresh and salt water
d) Dry air

→ c) Fresh and salt water

4. Diatoms play a major role in:

a) Breaking stones
b) Forming sand
c) Oxygen production in oceans
d) Forest pollution

→ c) Oxygen production in oceans

5. The main pigment in diatoms is:

a) Chlorophyll b
b) Fucoxanthin
c) Phycocyanin
d) Carotene

→ b) Fucoxanthin

6. Diatoms store food as:

a) Starch
b) Oil
c) Glucose
d) Sugar

→ b) Oil
7. Diatoms are important in the industry as:
a) Building material
b) Diatomaceous earth
c) Paint color
d) Water bottle material

→ b) Diatomaceous earth

8. Diatomaceous earth is used for:

a) Fuel
b) Filters and polishing
c) Woodwork
d) Cooking

→ b) Filters and polishing

9. Diatoms are important in aquatic food chains as:

a) Decomposers
b) Top predators
c) Primary producers
d) Herbivores

→ c) Primary producers

10. Diatoms have:

a) No nucleus
b) A nucleus and golden-brown color
c) Red cells
d) Blue cells

→ b) A nucleus and golden-brown color

11. A unique feature of diatoms is their:

a) Root system
b) Glass-like walls
c) Red leaves
d) Spines

→ b) Glass-like walls

12. Diatoms can be used to study:

a) Fossil fuels
b) Water quality
c) Air pressure
d) Rain patterns
→ b) Water quality

13. Diatoms are an important source of:

a) Food for large fish
b) Food for zooplankton
c) Iron
d) Nitrogen gas

→ b) Food for zooplankton

14. Diatoms show:

a) Fast swimming
b) Slow division
c) Rapid reproduction
d) No growth

→ c) Rapid reproduction

15. Diatoms contribute to:

a) Desert farming
b) Air pollution
c) Carbon fixation
d) Plastic making

→ c) Carbon fixation

5. Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) MCQs

1. Phaeophyta are mostly found in:

a) Freshwater lakes
b) Marine (saltwater) environments
c) Dry soil
d) Deserts

→ b) Marine (saltwater) environments

2. The brown color in Phaeophyta is due to:

a) Chlorophyll b
b) Phycoerythrin
c) Fucoxanthin
d) Carotene

→ c) Fucoxanthin

3. An example of Phaeophyta is:

a) Fucus
b) Ulva
c) Nostoc
d) Chara

→ a) Fucus

4. Phaeophyta are mostly:

a) Unicellular
b) Colonial
c) Large and multicellular
d) Filamentous only

→ c) Large and multicellular

5. They are important in making:

a) Cement
b) Iodine
c) Electricity
d) Salt

→ b) Iodine

6. Alginates from brown algae are used in:

a) Batteries
b) Food thickening
c) Weapon making
d) Machines

→ b) Food thickening

7. Phaeophyta helps in:

a) Air purification
b) Ocean productivity
c) Rock formation
d) Fire control

→ b) Ocean productivity

8. They provide food for:

a) Lions
b) Whales and sea animals
c) Birds only
d) Bacteria

→ b) Whales and sea animals

9. A large brown algae used as food is:
a) Chlorella
b) Laminaria
c) Vaucheria
d) Nostoc

→ b) Laminaria

10. Brown algae are harvested for:

a) Fuel
b) Gel-like materials
c) Leather
d) Paper

→ b) Gel-like materials

11. Brown algae can grow:

a) On dry soil
b) On top of buildings
c) Deep in oceans
d) In freshwater ponds

→ c) Deep in oceans

12. Brown algae help prevent:

a) Marine erosion
b) Road accidents
c) Soil cracking
d) Cold weather

→ a) Marine erosion

13. Alginates are extracted from:

a) Diatoms
b) Brown algae
c) Blue-green algae
d) Red algae

→ b) Brown algae

14. Phaeophyta are used in:

a) Rubber making
b) Fertilizers
c) Wires
d) Glass
→ b) Fertilizers

15. Sargassum is a:
a) Floating brown algae
b) Red algae
c) Blue-green plant
d) Stone

→ a) Floating brown algae

6. Rhodophyta (Red Algae) — MCQs

1. Rhodophyta are found mostly in:

a) Lakes
b) Saltwater (marine) environments
c) Forests
d) Air

→ b) Saltwater (marine) environments

2. The red color in Rhodophyta is due to:

a) Chlorophyll
b) Phycocyanin
c) Phycoerythrin
d) Carotene

→ c) Phycoerythrin

3. Rhodophyta are mostly:

a) Unicellular
b) Colonial
c) Multicellular
d) Bacteria

→ c) Multicellular

4. They are used to make:

a) Soap
b) Agar-agar
c) Paint
d) Salt

→ b) Agar-agar

5. Agar is used in:

a) Cement
b) Science labs and food
c) Jewelry
d) Iron making

→ b) Science labs and food

6. An example of red algae is:

a) Gelidium
b) Fucus
c) Vaucheria
d) Ulva

→ a) Gelidium

7. Red algae grow:

a) On land
b) In dark forest areas
c) Deep in oceans
d) On mountaintops

c) Deep in oceans

8. Carrageenan from red algae is used in:

a) Soap
b) Ice cream
c) Fuel
d) Paint

b) Ice cream

9. Rhodophyta can grow in:

a) Hot deserts
b) Very deep water
c) Cloudy forests
d) Dry air

b) Very deep water

10. Red algae help in:

a) Metal collection
b) Soil erosion
c) Coral reef formation
d) Wood making

c) Coral reef formation

11. Red algae are important for:
a) Human energy
b) Marine ecosystem balance
c) Mountain building
d) Rainfall

b) Marine ecosystem balance

12. Agar is mainly used for:

a) Planting seeds
b) Growing bacteria in labs
c) Cleaning houses
d) Coloring clothes

b) Growing bacteria in labs

13. Red algae are also used in:

a) Road building
b) Packing paper
c) Food and medicines
d) Cotton industries

c) Food and medicines

14. Their cell wall is made of:

a) Lignin
b) Cellulose and mucilage
c) Starch
d) Protein

b) Cellulose and mucilage

15. Gracilaria is a type of:

a) Green algae
b) Red algae
c) Blue algae
d) Brown algae

b) Red algae

Bryophytes
1. Introduction and General Account of Bryophytes

1. Bryophytes are also known as:

A. Seedless plants
B. Amphibians of the plant kingdom
C. Aquatic plants
D. Flowering plants

Answer: B

2. Bryophytes are usually found in:

A. Deserts
B. Dry mountains
C. Moist and shady places
D. Salty lakes

Answer: C

3. Bryophytes do not have:

A. Leaves
B. Chlorophyll
C. Vascular tissues
D. Spores

Answer: C

4. The plant body of bryophytes is usually:

A. Vascular
B. Woody
C. Non-vascular
D. Flowering

Answer: C

5. Which is the dominant stage in bryophytes?

A. Sporophyte
B. Embryo
C. Gametophyte
D. Seed

Answer: C

6. Male sex organ in bryophytes is called:

A. Archegonium
B. Antheridium
C. Anther
D. Ovary

Answer: B
7. The female sex organ in bryophytes is called:
A. Ovary
B. Archegonium
C. Pistil
D. Antheridium

Answer: B

8. Bryophytes reproduce by:

A. Seeds
B. Fruits
C. Spores
D. Buds

Answer: C

9. The zygote in bryophytes develops into:

A. Gametophyte
B. Sporophyte
C. Seed
D. Embryo sac

Answer: B

10. Bryophytes depend on water for:

A. Transport
B. Respiration
C. Fertilization
D. Nutrition

Answer: C

11. The first land plants are believed to be:

A. Algae
B. Ferns
C. Bryophytes
D. Gymnosperms

Answer: C

12. Which of the following is a bryophyte?

A. Spirogyra
B. Riccia
C. Pine
D. Mango

Answer: B
13. Bryophytes absorb water through:
A. Roots
B. Stem
C. Leaves
D. Body surface

Answer: D

14. Rhizoids in bryophytes help in:

A. Photosynthesis
B. Reproduction
C. Anchoring
D. Transport

Answer: C

15. The life cycle of bryophytes shows:

A. Haplontic
B. Diplontic
C. Haplodiplontic
D. None

Answer: C

16. Bryophytes are important for:

A. Making paper
B. Soil formation
C. Producing seeds
D. Forming flowers

Answer: B

17. Bryophytes are sensitive to:

A. Salt
B. Temperature
C. Pollution
D. Acidity

Answer: C

18. The bryophyte sporophyte is:

A. Independent
B. Parasite
C. Dependent on gametophyte
D. None

Answer: C
19. Asexual reproduction in bryophytes occurs by:
A. Budding
B. Vegetative parts
C. Spores
D. All of these

Answer: D

20. Bryophytes are mostly:

A. Aquatic
B. Terrestrial
C. Marine
D. Airborne

Answer: B

2. Classification of Bryophytes

1. Bryophytes are divided into how many main classes?

A. 2
B. 3.
C. 4
D. 5

Answer: B

2. The three main classes of bryophytes are:

A. Algae, Fungi, Ferns
B. Hepaticopsida, Anthoceropsida, Bryopsida
C. Monocots, Dicots, Gymnosperms
D. None of these

Answer: B

3. Hepaticopsida are commonly known as:

A. Hornworts
B. Mosses
C. Liverworts
D. Seaweeds

Answer: C

4. Anthoceropsida are commonly called:

A. Liverworts
B. Mosses
C. Hornworts
D. Ferns

Answer: C

5. Bryopsida includes:
A. Mosses
B. Ferns
C. Liverworts
D. None

Answer: A

6. Riccia and Marchantia belong to:

A. Bryopsida
B. Hepaticopsida
C. Anthoceropsida
D. Algae

Answer: B

7. The simplest liverwort is:

A. Riccia
B. Polytrichum
C. Anthoceros
D. Sphagnum

Answer: A

8. Horn-like structure is present in:

A. Anthoceropsida
B. Bryopsida
C. Hepaticopsida
D. None

Answer: A

9. Polytrichum is an example of:

A. Algae
B. Ferns
C. Mosses
D. Liverworts

Answer: C

10. Mosses usually have:

A. Thallus body
B. Leafy gametophyte
C. Horn-shaped sporophyte
D. None of these

Answer: B

11. The Sporophyte of moss has:

A. Capsule
B. Foot
C. Seta
D. All of these

Answer: D

12. In which class is the sporophyte most independent?

A. Hepaticopsida
B. Anthoceropsida
C. Bryopsida
D. None

Answer: B

13. Which class shows maximum tissue development in sporophyte?

A. Bryopsida
B. Hepaticopsida
C. Anthoceropsida
D. All equally

Answer: A

14. In mosses, rhizoids are:

A. Unicellular
B. Multicellular
C. Absent
D. Root-like

Answer: B

15. In liverworts, the gametophyte is mostly:

A. Leafy
B. Thalloid
C. Vascular
D. Woody

Answer: B
16. Which class contains stomata in a sporophyte?
A. Hepaticopsida
B. Bryopsida
C. Anthoceropsida
D. Both B and C

Answer: D

17. Gemma cups are common in:

A. Riccia
B. Marchantia
C. Polytrichum
D. Anthoceros

Answer: B

18. Which group stores food in oil bodies?

A. Algae
B. Fungi
C. Liverworts
D. Mosses

Answer: C

19. Which is the largest class of bryophytes?

A. Hepaticopsida
B. Anthoceropsida
C. Bryopsida
D. All are equal

Answer: C

20. Which class shows the most advanced features?

A. Bryopsida
B. Hepaticopsida
C. Anthoceropsida
D. None

Answer: A

3. Theories of Origin and Evolution of Bryophytes.

1. Bryophytes are believed to have evolved from:

A. Fungi
B. Algae
C. Ferns
D. Gymnosperms
Answer: B

2. The closest ancestor of bryophytes is thought to be:

A. Red algae
B. Blue-green algae
C. Green algae
D. Brown algae

Answer: C

3. Which green algae is most similar to bryophytes?

A. Spirogyra
B. Chara
C. Volvox
D. Ulva

Answer: B

4. The algal origin theory was proposed by:

A. Bower
B. Church
C. Campbell
D. Smith

Answer: B

5. The pteridophytean theory suggests that bryophytes evolved by:

A. Mutation
B. Loss of complexity
C. Water loss
D. Seed development

Answer: B

6. The theory that bryophytes evolved from pteridophytes is called:

A. Algal theory
B. Progressive theory
C. Regressive theory
D. Aquatic theory

Answer: C

7. Which of the following is not a theory of bryophyte origin?

A. Algal theory
B. Regressive theory
C. Evolutionary theory
D. Seed theory
Answer: D

8. The similarity between green algae and bryophytes includes:

A. Vascular tissues
B. Flower formation
C. Chlorophyll type
D. Seed production

Answer: C

9. A key evolutionary change in bryophytes is:

A. Loss of seeds
B. Shift to aquatic life
C. Formation of embryos
D. Absence of spores

Answer: C

10. Bryophytes are considered primitive because they lack:

A. Chloroplasts
B. Reproduction
C. Vascular tissues
D. Nucleus

Answer: C

11. Which life cycle is common in bryophytes?

A. Diplontic
B. Haplodiplontic
C. Haplontic
D. None

Answer: B

12. The dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle is:

A. Sporophyte
B. Zygote
C. Gametophyte
D. Seed

Answer: C

13. Bryophytes evolved better adaptation to:

A. Water
B. Desert
C. Land
D. Sky
Answer: C

14. Which feature shows advancement in bryophytes compared to algae?

A. Gametangia with sterile jacket
B. Motile sperm
C. Floating spores
D. Simple thallus

Answer: A

15. Archegonia is seen first in:

A. Algae
B. Bryophytes
C. Gymnosperms
D. Fungi

Answer: B

16. Sporophyte evolution in bryophytes shows:

A. Reduced structure
B. Progressive complexity
C. No change
D. Direct flowering

Answer: B

17. Which plant body is more complex in bryophytes than algae?

A. Sporophyte
B. Gametophyte
C. Rhizoid
D. Capsule

Answer: B

18. Which structure stores food in bryophytes during evolution?

A. Seed
B. Starch body
C. Oil body
D. None

Answer: C

19. Bryophytes are considered a link between:

A. Algae and Gymnosperms
B. Algae and Fungi
C. Algae and Pteridophytes
D. Ferns and Mosses
Answer: C

20. The first land plants were probably:

A. Angiosperms
B. Fungi
C. Bryophytes
D. Gymnosperms

Answer: C

.4.1. Hepaticopsida

1. Hepaticopsida are commonly called:

A. Hornworts
B. Liverworts
C. Mosses
D. Ferns

Answer: B

2. The gametophyte of most liverworts is:

A. Leafy
B. Thalloid
C. Woody
D. Vascular

Answer: B

3. An example of a thalloid liverwort is:

A. Riccia
B. Polytrichum
C. Anthoceros
D. Funaria

Answer: A

4. In liverworts, rhizoids are:

A. Multicellular
B. Branched
C. Unicellular
D. True roots

Answer: C

5. Marchantia belongs to which class?

A. Anthoceropsida
B. Hepaticopsida
C. Bryopsida
D. Algae

Answer: B

6. Asexual reproduction in liverworts occurs through:

A. Seeds
B. Flowers
C. Gemmae
D. Spores only

Answer: C

7. Gemma cups are found in:

A. Riccia
B. Marchantia
C. Polytrichum
D. Anthoceros

Answer: B

8. The sex organs in liverworts are:

A. Anther and ovary
B. Antheridium and archegonium
C. Cone and seed
D. Capsule and seta

Answer: B

9. Liverwort sporophyte is:

A. Fully independent
B. Partially dependent
C. Completely dependent on gametophyte
D. Not formed

Answer: C

10. The liverwort sporophyte consists of:

A. Capsule only
B. Foot, seta, capsule
C. Stem and leaf
D. Rhizoid and foot

Answer: B

11. Spores are produced inside:

A. Archegonium
B. Antheridium
C. Capsule
D. Rhizoid

Answer: C

12. Which liverwort has no seta?

A. Riccia
B. Marchantia
C. Anthoceros
D. Funaria

Answer: A

13. The sporophyte of Riccia includes:

A. Only capsule
B. Foot and seta
C. Leaf and root
D. Seta and capsule

Answer: A

14. Liverworts show alternation of:

A. Seeds and flowers
B. Gametophyte and sporophyte
C. Leaves and roots
D. Fertile and sterile cells

Answer: B

15. Liverworts absorb water mainly through:

A. Xylem
B. Roots
C. Rhizoids
D. Leaves

Answer: C

16. The habitat of liverworts is mostly:

A. Marine
B. Freshwater
C. Dry lands
D. Moist and shady areas

Answer: D
17. In liverworts, male and female sex organs may be:
A. On same plant
B. On different plants
C. Both A and B
D. Absent

Answer: C

18. Oil bodies are commonly found in cells of:

A. Mosses
B. Liverworts
C. Hornworts
D. Ferns

Answer: B

19. Archegonia in liverworts are:

A. Lateral
B. Terminal
C. Underground
D. Absent

Answer: B

20. The spores of liverworts help in:

A. Respiration
B. Food production
C. Reproduction and dispersal
D. Water absorption

Answer: C

4.2. Anthoceropsida

1. Anthoceropsida are commonly known as:

A. Liverworts
B. Hornworts
C. Mosses
D. Algae

Answer: B

2. The main plant body in hornworts is:

A. Leafy shoot
B. Vascular bundle
C. Thallus
D. Stem and root

Answer: C

3. The most common genus of hornworts is:

A. Riccia
B. Marchantia
C. Anthoceros
D. Funaria

Answer: C

4. Rhizoids in Anthoceropsida are:

A. True roots
B. Branched
C. Unicellular
D. Multicellular

Answer: C

5. Sporophyte of hornworts is shaped like a:

A. Leaf
B. Capsule
C. Horn
D. Flower

Answer: C

6. The sporophyte in hornworts grows:

A. Only once
B. Very short
C. Continuously from base
D. From the tip

Answer: C

7. The sporophyte of Anthoceropsida contains:

A. Capsule only
B. Foot and capsule
C. Capsule with stomata
D. Stem and leaf

Answer: C

8. Stomatas are present in:

A. Gametophyte only
B. Sporophyte only
C. Both
D. None

Answer: B

9. Hornwort sporophyte is:

A. Fully dependent
B. Partly independent
C. Fully independent
D. Not formed

Answer: B

10. Anthoceropsida gametophyte is:

A. Leafy
B. Rooted
C. Thalloid
D. None

Answer: C

11. Which pigment is present in hornworts?

A. Phycocyanin
B. Chlorophyll a and b
C. Xanthophyll only
D. None

Answer: B

12. Which feature is unique to hornworts?

A. Oil bodies
B. Central columella
C. Rhizoids
D. No stomata

Answer: B

13. The growth of the sporophyte in Anthoceros is:

A. Limited
B. Short
C. Intercalary
D. Apical

Answer: C
14. Anthoceropsida resembles algae in having:
A. Large rhizoids
B. Pyrenoids
C. Flowers
D. Xylem

Answer: B

15. In hornworts, each cell usually contains:

A. One nucleus
B. One chloroplast
C. Many vacuoles
D. Two gametes

Answer: B

16. The chloroplast in hornworts contains:

A. Pyrenoid
B. Starch only
C. Oil droplets
D. None

Answer: A

17. Sexual reproduction in hornworts is by:

A. Seeds
B. Flowers
C. Archegonia and antheridia
D. Buds

Answer: C

18. The capsule in hornworts opens by:

A. Lid
B. Teeth
C. Longitudinal splits
D. Bursting

Answer: C

19. Anthoceros can fix nitrogen with:

A. Nostoc
B. Azolla
C. Rhizobium
D. Clostridium

Answer: A
20. The sporophyte in Anthoceros lacks:
A. Foot
B. Capsule
C. Columella
D. Seta

Answer: D

4.3. Bryopsida

1. Bryopsida are commonly called:

A. Liverworts
B. Hornworts
C. Mosses
D. Ferns

Answer: C

2. The plant body of mosses is:

A. Thalloid
B. Leafy gametophyte
C. Rooted stem
D. Vascular

Answer: B

3. An example of moss is:

A. Riccia
B. Anthoceros
C. Marchantia
D. Funaria

Answer: D

4. Mosses reproduce asexually by:

A. Seeds
B. Gemmae
C. Fragmentation
D. Flowers

Answer: C

5. In mosses, protonema is:

A. Part of sporophyte
B. Immature stage of gametophyte
C. Leaf
D. Archegonium

Answer: B

6. The leafy shot of moss develops from:

A. Rhizoid
B. Capsule
C. Protonema
D. Spore mother cell

Answer: C

7. Which stage is dominant in the moss life cycle?

A. Sporophyte
B. Spore
C. Gametophyte
D. Seed

Answer: C

8. Rhizoids in mosses are:

A. Unicellular
B. Multicellular and branched
C. True roots
D. Absent

Answer: B

9. Moss gametophyte has:

A. Root, stem, leaf
B. True vascular tissues
C. Stem-like and leaf-like parts
D. None

Answer: C

10. The male sex organ in mosses is:

A. Anther
B. Antheridium
C. Archegonium
D. Cone

Answer: B

11. The female sex organ in mosses is:

A. Pistil
B. Ovule
C. Archegonium
D. Gemma cup

Answer: C

12. Moss sporophyte is attached to:

A. Root
B. Rhizoid
C. Gametophyte
D. Seed

Answer: C

13. The parts of a moss sporophyte are:

A. Foot, seta, capsule
B. Root, stem, leaf
C. Leaf, seed, flower
D. Only capsule

Answer: A

14. Capsule in moss contains:

A. Gemmae
B. Antheridia
C. Spores
D. Pyrenoids

Answer: C

15. Mosses grow well in:

A. Dry deserts
B. Salty water
C. Moist and shady places
D. High sunlight

Answer: C

16. The first stage of moss germination is:

A. Rhizoid
B. Leafy shoot
C. Protonema
D. Sporophyte

Answer: C
17. Which feature helps moss in water absorption?
A. Seeds
B. Rhizoids
C. Thick stem
D. Leaf margin

Answer: B

18. The capsule in moss has:

A. Stomata
B. Columella
C. Peristome teeth
D. All of these

Answer: D

19. Peristome teeth help in:

A. Anchoring the plant
B. Spore dispersal
C. Water storage
D. Photosynthesis

Answer: B

20. Mosses are important ecologically because they:

A. Fix nitrogen
B. Act as decomposers
C. Prevent soil erosion
D. Kill bacteria

Answer: C