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R Programming Detailed Notes

R is a programming language designed for statistical computing and graphics, widely used for data analysis and statistical software development. It features an extensive package ecosystem, strong graphical capabilities, and active community support, with various functions for data manipulation, visualization, and statistical analysis. Best practices include commenting code, organizing scripts, and using version control, making R a powerful tool for data science and research.

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297 views3 pages

R Programming Detailed Notes

R is a programming language designed for statistical computing and graphics, widely used for data analysis and statistical software development. It features an extensive package ecosystem, strong graphical capabilities, and active community support, with various functions for data manipulation, visualization, and statistical analysis. Best practices include commenting code, organizing scripts, and using version control, making R a powerful tool for data science and research.

Uploaded by

jjeevanadham2002j
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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R Programming Language - Detailed Notes

Introduction:

R is a programming language and environment specifically designed for statistical computing and

graphics. It is widely used among statisticians and data miners for data analysis and developing

statistical software.

Key Features:

1. Open-source and free to use.

2. Extensive package ecosystem (CRAN repository).

3. Strong graphical capabilities.

4. Active community support.

Basic Syntax:

- Variables: x <- 5, y = 10

- Data types: numeric, integer, character, logical, complex

- Vectors: c(1, 2, 3)

- Matrices and arrays: matrix(), array()

- Lists and data frames: list(), data.frame()

Control Structures:

- if, else, else if

- for loops, while loops

- repeat loop with break

Functions:

- Defined using the function() keyword.


Example:

my_function <- function(a, b) {

return(a + b)

Data Manipulation:

- Using base R: subset(), merge(), aggregate()

- Using dplyr: select(), filter(), mutate(), summarize(), group_by()

Data Visualization:

- Base R plotting: plot(), hist(), boxplot()

- ggplot2 package: a powerful and flexible plotting system.

Statistical Analysis:

- Descriptive statistics: mean(), median(), sd(), summary()

- Hypothesis testing: t.test(), chisq.test()

- Regression analysis: lm(), glm()

Importing and Exporting Data:

- Read data: read.csv(), read.table(), readxl::read_excel()

- Write data: write.csv(), write.table()

Popular Packages:

1. dplyr - Data manipulation.

2. ggplot2 - Data visualization.

3. tidyr - Data tidying.

4. caret - Machine learning.


5. shiny - Interactive web apps.

Best Practices:

- Comment your code and use descriptive variable names.

- Organize scripts into sections.

- Use version control (e.g., Git).

- Validate and clean data before analysis.

Conclusion:

R is a versatile and powerful tool for data analysis and visualization. Its rich ecosystem and

statistical capabilities make it a top choice for data science and research.

Useful Resources:

- CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/)

- RStudio IDE (https://www.rstudio.com/)

- Stack Overflow and R-bloggers for community support.

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