1. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

A) Ribosome
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: C) Mitochondria
2. What component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for its
fluidity?
A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Phospholipids
D) Cholesterol
Answer: D) Cholesterol
3. Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?
A) Plant cell
B) Animal cell
C) Bacterial cell
D) Fungal cell
Answer: C) Bacterial cell
4. What is the function of ribosomes?
A) Energy production
B) Protein synthesis
C) DNA replication
D) Lipid synthesis
Answer: B) Protein synthesis
5. What structure is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Nucleus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Lysosome
Answer: C) Golgi apparatus
6. Which part of the cell contains genetic material?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Plasma membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Mitochondria
Answer: C) Nucleus
 7. What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
A) Energy storage
B) Protection and support
C) Nutrient absorption
D) Protein synthesis
Answer: B) Protection and support
8. Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?
A) Gene expression
B) Energy production
C) Selective permeability
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: C) Selective permeability
9. What is a double membrane structure that encloses the nucleus called?
A) Nuclear envelope
B) Plasma membrane
C) Cell wall
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: A) Nuclear envelope
10. What is the jelly-like substance found inside all cells?
A) Nucleoplasm
B) Cytoplasm
C) Matrix
D) Stroma
Answer: B) Cytoplasm
Biomolecules

11. Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

A) Glucose
B) DNA
C) Triglyceride
D) Catalyst
Answer: A) Glucose
12. What type of bond holds together amino acids in a protein?
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Peptide bond
Answer: D) Peptide bond
13. Which of the following is a function of lipids in the body?
A) Genetic information storage
B) Providing insulation
C) Structural component of cell membranes
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
14. What is the primary function of nucleic acids?
A) Store energy
B) Catalyze reactions
C) Store and transfer genetic information
D) Provide structural support
Answer: C) Store and transfer genetic information
15. What is the main role of enzymes in biological reactions?
A) Increase temperature
B) Act as substrates
C) Lower activation energy
D) Provide energy
Answer: C) Lower activation energy
16. Which carbohydrate is stored in animals for energy?
A) Starch
B) Cellulose
C) Glycogen
D) Chitin
Answer: C) Glycogen
17. Which type of fat is considered healthy?
A) Saturated fat
B) Trans fat
C) Unsaturated fat
D) Hydrogenated fat
Answer: C) Unsaturated fat
18. What are the building blocks of proteins called?
A) Nucleotides
B) Fatty acids
C) Amino acids
D) Monosaccharides
Answer: C) Amino acids
19. Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
A) Glucose
 B) Fructose
C) Sucrose
D) Galactose
Answer: C) Sucrose
20. What type of reaction links amino acids together to form proteins?
A) Hydrolysis
B) Dehydration synthesis
C) Fermentation
D) Oxidation
Answer: B) Dehydration synthesis
Processes in Cells

21. What is the process by which cells take in large particles?

A) Endocytosis
B) Exocytosis
C) Diffusion
D) Osmosis
Answer: A) Endocytosis
22. What molecule is produced during cellular respiration?
A) Oxygen
B) Glucose
C) ATP
D) Carbon dioxide
Answer: C) ATP
23. Which process involves the diffusion of water across a semi-
permeable membrane?
A) Active transport
B) Endocytosis
C) Osmosis
D) Filtration
Answer: C) Osmosis
24. What is the primary purpose of fermentation?
A) To produce ATP without oxygen
B) To produce glucose
C) To synthesize enzymes
D) To generate heat
Answer: A) To produce ATP without oxygen
25. Which organelle is directly involved in photosynthesis?
A) Mitochondria
B) Chloroplast
C) Lysosome
D) Ribosome
Answer: B) Chloroplast
26. What is the term for the movement of substances against their
concentration gradient?
A) Passive transport
B) Active transport
C) Osmosis
D) Facilitated diffusion
Answer: B) Active transport
27. Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
A) Glycolysis
B) Krebs cycle
C) Electron transport chain
D) Fermentation
Answer: C) Electron transport chain
28. In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Mitochondria
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosome
Answer: A) Cytoplasm
29. What is produced during the Krebs cycle?
A) Glucose
B) Oxygen
C) Carbon dioxide and ATP
D) Lactic acid
Answer: C) Carbon dioxide and ATP
30. Which of the following is a byproduct of anaerobic
respiration in yeast?
A) Carbon dioxide
B) Ethanol
C) Lactic acid
D) ATP
Answer: B) Ethanol
Genetics

31. What is the genetic makeup of an organism referred to as?

A) Phenotype
B) Genotype
C) Allele
D) Trait
Answer: B) Genotype
32. What is the observable characteristic of an organism called?
A) Genotype
B) Phenotype
C) Trait
D) Gene
Answer: B) Phenotype
33. What term describes different forms of a gene?
A) Chromosome
B) Allele
C) Locus
D) Genotype
Answer: B) Allele
34. What is the probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive
offspring from two heterozygous parents (Aa x Aa)?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%
Answer: A) 25%
35. In Mendelian genetics, what do uppercase letters represent?
A) Recessive alleles
B) Codominant alleles
C) Dominant alleles
D) Inactive alleles
Answer: C) Dominant alleles
36. Which of the following is an example of codominance?
A) Red and white flowers producing pink offspring
B) Blood type AB
C) Tall and short plants
D) A purple flower and a white flower
Answer: B) Blood type AB
 37. What is the mode of inheritance for sex-linked traits?
A) Autosomal dominance
B) Autosomal recessive
C) X-linked inheritance
D) Mitochondrial inheritance
Answer: C) X-linked inheritance
38. Which of the following is a characteristic of a haploid cell?
A) Two sets of chromosomes
B) One set of chromosomes
C) Identical to diploid cells
D) Contains no genetic material
Answer: B) One set of chromosomes
39. Which process results in the formation of gametes?
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
Answer: B) Meiosis
40. What is meant by the term "multiple alleles"?
A) A gene with two alleles
B) A gene with more than two alleles
C) A trait controlled by multiple genes
D) A dominant allele
Answer: B) A gene with more than two alleles
Evolution and Ecology

41. What is evolution?

A) The process of change in a species over time
B) The creation of new species
C) The adaptation of individuals
D) The process of extinction
Answer: A) The process of change in a species over time
42. What is natural selection?
A) The survival of the fittest
B) Human intervention in breeding
C) Random genetic mutations
D) Adaptation of ecosystems
Answer: A) The survival of the fittest
43. What can cause a change in allele frequencies within a
population?
A) Genetic drift
B) Gene flow
C) Mutation
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
44. Which of the following is an example of camouflage?
A) A chameleon's color change
B) A butterfly's mimicry
C) An animal having protective coloring
D) A peacock displaying feathers
Answer: C) An animal having protective coloring
45. What is a niche?
A) The habitat of an organism
B) The role of an organism in its environment
C) The physical space an organism occupies
D) The genetic characteristics of a population
Answer: B) The role of an organism in its environment
46. What is symbiosis?
A) A predator-prey relationship
B) The interaction between two different species
C) Competition for resources
D) The migration of species
Answer: B) The interaction between two different species
47. What type of relationship is exemplified by a bee and a
flower?
A) Commensalism
B) Parasitism
C) Mutualism
D) Competition
Answer: C) Mutualism
48. What is the term for the maximum population size that an
environment can sustain?
A) Limiting factor
B) Carrying capacity
C) Population density
D) Ecological niche
Answer: B) Carrying capacity
 49. What type of succession occurs after a forest fire?
A) Primary succession
B) Secondary succession
C) Climax community
D) Pioneer community
Answer: B) Secondary succession
50. Which of the following biomes is characterized by very low
temperatures and permafrost?
A) Desert
B) Tropical rainforest
C) Tundra
D) Temperate forest
Answer: C) Tundra
Human Biology

51. Which organ is responsible for filtering blood in the body?

A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Kidneys
D) Liver
Answer: C) Kidneys
52. What is the primary function of red blood cells?
A) Defense against pathogens
B) Transport of oxygen
C) Clotting of blood
D) Regulation of body temperature
Answer: B) Transport of oxygen
53. What process helps regulate body temperature in humans?
A) Digestion
B) Respiration
C) Homeostasis
D) Metabolism
Answer: C) Homeostasis
54. Which of the following muscles is involuntary?
A) Skeletal muscle
B) Cardiac muscle
C) Smooth muscle
D) B and C
Answer: D) B and C
 55. What is the main role of the pancreas?
A) Producing insulin and digestive enzymes
B) Filtering blood
C) Producing bile
D) Storing bile
Answer: A) Producing insulin and digestive enzymes
56. What is the role of the small intestine?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Storage of undigested waste
C) Production of enzymes
D) Digestion of proteins only
Answer: A) Absorption of nutrients
57. Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
A) Bronchioles
B) Alveoli
C) Trachea
D) Pleura
Answer: B) Alveoli
58. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating
heartbeat and breathing?
A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Limbic system
Answer: C) Brainstem
59. What type of immunity is acquired through vaccination?
A) Innate immunity
B) Passive immunity
C) Active immunity
D) Natural immunity
Answer: C) Active immunity
60. What is the purpose of the skeleton?
A) To protect internal organs
B) To produce hormones
C) To store fat
D) To balance the body
Answer: A) To protect internal organs
Plant Biology
61. What is the primary function of roots?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Nutrient and water absorption
C) Reproduction
D) Pollination
Answer: B) Nutrient and water absorption
62. Which part of the plant is responsible for photosynthesis?
A) Roots
B) Stems
C) Leaves
D) Flowers
Answer: C) Leaves
63. What pigment is responsible for capturing light energy in
plants?
A) Cartenoids
B) Chlorophyll
C) Hemoglobin
D) Xanthophyll
Answer: B) Chlorophyll
64. Which process involves the loss of water vapor from plant
leaves?
A) Transpiration
B) Respiration
C) Capillary action
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: A) Transpiration
65. What is the main function of xylem?
A) Transport of sugars
B) Transport of water
C) Support for the plant
D) Photosynthesis
Answer: B) Transport of water
66. What type of plant reproduces through seeds?
A) Mosses
B) Ferns
C) Angiosperms
D) Algae
Answer: C) Angiosperms
 67. Which of the following is a type of asexual reproduction in
plants?
A) Budding
B) Pollination
C) Seed dispersal
D) Fertilization
Answer: A) Budding
68. In flowering plants, what part develops into fruit?
A) Ovary
B) Stamen
C) Petal
D) Sepal
Answer: A) Ovary
69. What is the male reproductive structure of a flower called?
A) Pistil
B) Stamen
C) Ovule
D) Petal
Answer: B) Stamen
70. What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
A) Energy production
B) Photosynthesis
C) Protein synthesis
D) Respiration
Answer: B) Photosynthesis
Human Impacts on the Environment

71. What is the primary cause of global warming?

A) Ozone depletion
B) Greenhouse gas emissions
C) Deforestation
D) Overpopulation
Answer: B) Greenhouse gas emissions
72. Which of the following is a consequence of deforestation?
A) Increased biodiversity
B) Soil erosion
C) Improved air quality
D) Increased habitat
Answer: B) Soil erosion
73. What is an invasive species?
A) A species native to an area
B) A species that has been introduced and disrupts the ecosystem
C) A species that benefits the environment
D) A species that has gone extinct
Answer: B) A species that has been introduced and disrupts the
ecosystem
74. What does biodiversity refer to?
A) The number of species in an area
B) The rate of extinction
C) The size of a population
D) The climate of an area
Answer: A) The number of species in an area
75. What is a renewable resource?
A) A resource that can be replaced naturally
B) A resource that cannot be replaced
C) A resource that is found in limited supply
D) A resource that requires mining
Answer: A) A resource that can be replaced naturally
76. What is habitat destruction?
A) The introduction of new species to an ecosystem
B) The conversion of land for human use
C) The protection of endangered species
D) The recycling of resources
Answer: B) The conversion of land for human use
77. What is conservation?
A) The preservation of natural resources
B) The exploitation of wildlife
C) The establishment of wildlife reserves
D) A and C only
Answer: D) A and C only
78. What is an ecosystem?
A) A community of organisms and their physical environment
B) A population of species
C) A food chain
D) The climate of a region
Answer: A) A community of organisms and their physical
environment
 79. Which gas is primarily responsible for acid rain?
A) Methane
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Sulfur dioxide
Answer: D) Sulfur dioxide
80. What is eutrophication?
A) The process of creating new habitats
B) The enrichment of water with nutrients leading to algal blooms
C) The destruction of coral reefs
D) The extinction of species
Answer: B) The enrichment of water with nutrients leading to algal
blooms
Reproduction and Development

81. What type of reproduction results in genetically identical

offspring?
A) Asexual reproduction
B) Sexual reproduction
C) Cross-pollination
D) Genetic engineering
Answer: A) Asexual reproduction
82. What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction?
A) Quick population increase
B) Genetic variation
C) Identical offspring
D) Less energy required
Answer: B) Genetic variation
83. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the regulation of
the menstrual cycle?
A) Testosterone
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Insulin
Answer: C) Estrogen
84. What is the role of the placenta?
A) Provides oxygen to the fetus
B) Nourishes the fetus
C) Eliminates waste from the fetus
 D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
85. What is the process by which sperm and egg cells join
called?
A) Fertilization
B) Zygote formation
C) Cleavage
D) Gastrulation
Answer: A) Fertilization
86. In humans, what is the typical number of chromosomes in a
zygote?
A) 23
B) 46
C) 92
D) 32
Answer: B) 46
87. Which stage of embryonic development follows fertilization?
A) Gastrulation
B) Cleavage
C) Implantation
D) Differentiation
Answer: B) Cleavage
88. Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?
A) Prophase
B) Metaphase
C) Anaphase
D) Interphase
Answer: D) Interphase
89. What type of cell division produces gametes?
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Binary fission
D) Budding
Answer: B) Meiosis
90. What is the term for the female reproductive structure in
flowers?
A) Stamen
B) Petal
 C) Pistil
D) Sepal
Answer: C) Pistil
Physiology

91. What is the primary function of the liver?

A) Producing digestive enzymes
B) Digesting fats
C) Metabolizing toxins
D) Producing bile
Answer: C) Metabolizing toxins
92. What is the primary role of the immune system?
A) To pump blood
B) To fight infections and disease
C) To regulate hormones
D) To provide energy
Answer: B) To fight infections and disease
93. What is the role of the spleen?
A) Digestion of food
B) Storage of blood
C) Filtration of pathogens
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
94. Which part of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the
lungs?
A) Left atrium
B) Right ventricle
C) Left ventricle
D) Right atrium
Answer: B) Right ventricle
95. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
A) To circulate blood
B) To provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
C) To digest food
D) To regulate temperature
Answer: B) To provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
96. Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and
coordination?
 A) Cerebrum
B) Cerebellum
C) Brainstem
D) Thalamus
Answer: B) Cerebellum
97. What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
A) Veins
B) Capillaries
C) Arteries
D) Alveoli
Answer: C) Arteries
98. What is the primary function of the small intestine?
A) Storage of food
B) Absorption of nutrients
C) Digestion of proteins only
D) Production of red blood cells
Answer: B) Absorption of nutrients
99. What is the function of synapses in the nervous system?
A) To connect muscles to bones
B) To transmit signals between neurons
C) To store memory
D) To protect the brain
Answer: B) To transmit signals between neurons
100. What is the primary role of white blood cells?
A) Oxygen transport
B) Nutrient absorption
C) Immune defense
D) Hormone production
Answer: C) Immune defense
Miscellaneous

101. Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem?

A) Temperature
B) Soil pH
C) Plants
D) Oxygen levels
Answer: C) Plants
102. What is the process by which energy is transferred from one
trophic level to another?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Cellular respiration
C) Energy flow
D) Nutrient cycling
Answer: C) Energy flow
103. What is the primary function of producers in an ecosystem?
A) To consume organic matter
B) To recycle nutrients
C) To produce energy through photosynthesis
D) To decompose dead organisms
Answer: C) To produce energy through photosynthesis
104. What is the significance of keystone species?
A) They are the most numerous species in an ecosystem.
B) They have a disproportionately large impact on their environment.
C) They have no effect on their ecosystem.
D) They are the first species to colonize an area.
Answer: B) They have a disproportionately large impact on their
environment.
105. Which process is responsible for the cycling of carbon in an
ecosystem?
A) Evaporation
B) Photosynthesis and respiration
C) Nitrogen fixation
D) Pollination
Answer: B) Photosynthesis and respiration.
106. Which of the following human activities contributes most to
habitat destruction?
A) Urbanization
B) Sustainable farming practices
C) Wildlife conservation
D) Recycling
Answer: A) Urbanization.
107. What is the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nitrogen
cycle?
A) To decompose organic matter
B) To convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form
C) To absorb nitrogen from the soil
 D) To release nitrogen gas into the atmosphere
Answer: B) To convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form.
108. Which ecosystem is characterized by low biodiversity and
high productivity?
A) Tundra
B) Coral reef
C) Desert
D) Temperate forest
Answer: B) Coral reef.
109. What is the main cause of declining amphibian populations
worldwide?
A) Pollution
B) Climate change
C) Habitat loss
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above.
110. How does bioaccumulation occur?
A) Through the reproduction of species
B) By the build-up of toxins in organisms at higher trophic levels
C) By the recycling of nutrients
D) By genetic mutation
Answer: B) By the build-up of toxins in organisms at higher trophic
levels.
Human Body Systems

111. Which body system is responsible for producing hormones?

A) Nervous system
B) Endocrine system
C) Muscular system
D) Skeletal system
Answer: B) Endocrine system.
112. What is the role of the stomach in the digestive system?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Digestion of proteins
C) Storage of food
D) Production of bile
Answer: B) Digestion of proteins.
113. What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
A) Carrying nutrients
B) Carrying oxygen
C) Fighting infections
D) Regulating temperature
Answer: B) Carrying oxygen.
114. Which vitamin is produced when skin is exposed to sunlight?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
Answer: C) Vitamin D.
115. Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?
A) Hinge joint
B) Ball-and-socket joint
C) Pivot joint
D) Fixed joint
Answer: B) Ball-and-socket joint.
116. What is the primary function of the large intestine?
A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Reabsorption of water and formation of feces
C) Detoxification of blood
D) Production of digestive enzymes
Answer: B) Reabsorption of water and formation of feces.
117. What is the term for the electrical impulses that travel along
neurons?
A) Action potentials
B) Synapses
C) Hormones
D) Neurotransmitters
Answer: A) Action potentials.
118. What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering?
A) Retina
B) Cornea
C) Iris
D) Lens
Answer: C) Iris.
 119. What is the main function of the renal system?
A) Regulation of body temperature
B) Filtration of blood and removal of waste
C) Regulation of hormones
D) Functioning of the immune system
Answer: B) Filtration of blood and removal of waste.
120. Which part of the brain is responsible for higher cognitive
functions?
A) Cerebellum
B) Brainstem
C) Cerebrum
D) Thalamus
Answer: C) Cerebrum.
Scientific Method and Experimental Design

121. What is the first step in the scientific method?

A) Formulating a hypothesis
B) Conducting an experiment
C) Making observations
D) Analyzing data
Answer: C) Making observations.
122. What is a hypothesis?
A) A proven fact
B) An educated guess
C) A final conclusion
D) A theory
Answer: B) An educated guess.
123. In an experiment, what is the variable that is changed called?
A) Control variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Independent variable
D) Constant
Answer: C) Independent variable.
124. What is a control group in an experiment?
A) The group that receives treatment
B) The group that does not receive treatment
C) The group that is the most variable
D) The group that is exposed to the hypothesis
Answer: B) The group that does not receive treatment.
 125. What is the purpose of replication in experiments?
A) To reduce bias
B) To ensure accuracy and reliability
C) To save time
D) To prove a point
Answer: B) To ensure accuracy and reliability.
126. Which of the following is a scientific theory?
A) A statement that can only be proven right
B) A well-supported explanation of a phenomenon
C) An untested proposal
D) An article of faith
Answer: B) A well-supported explanation of a phenomenon.
127. What is the main purpose of a scientific experiment?
A) To confirm existing beliefs
B) To provide entertainment
C) To test a hypothesis
D) To create a theory
Answer: C) To test a hypothesis.
128. What does the term "quantitative data" refer to?
A) Description using words
B) Description using numbers
C) Data that cannot be measured
D) Data collected from interviews
Answer: B) Description using numbers.
129. What is the importance of peer review in scientific research?
A) To publicize findings
B) To enhance the credibility of research
C) To ensure funding
D) To increase popularity
Answer: B) To enhance the credibility of research.
130. Which tool is most commonly used to measure volume in a
laboratory?
A) Beaker
B) Graduated cylinder
C) Ruler
D) Burette
Answer: B) Graduated cylinder.
Systems and Interactions
131. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
A) To provide movement
B) To transport nutrients and oxygen
C) To remove waste
D) To regulate body temperature
Answer: B) To transport nutrients and oxygen.
132. Which system is primarily responsible for maintaining
homeostasis?
A) Skeletal system
B) Nervous system
C) Muscular system
D) Endocrine system
Answer: B) Nervous system.
133. What is feedback inhibition?
A) A method of enhancing a response
B) A process for reducing product formation
C) A way to speed up an enzyme reaction
D) A method of communication between cells
Answer: B) A process for reducing product formation.
134. What is the primary role of the endocrine system?
A) Producing enzymes
B) Producing hormones
C) Providing physical structure
D) Facilitating movement
Answer: B) Producing hormones.
135. Which organ is part of both the digestive and respiratory
systems?
A) Lungs
B) Esophagus
C) Pharynx
D) Stomach
Answer: C) Pharynx.
136. What is the term for the process by which an organism
maintains a stable internal environment?
A) Adaptation
B) Homeostasis
C) Respiration
D) Digestion
Answer: B) Homeostasis.
 137. What type of muscle is found in the heart?
A) Smooth muscle
B) Skeletal muscle
C) Cardiac muscle
D) All of the above
Answer: C) Cardiac muscle.
138. What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
A) Protect the body
B) Transport nutrients
C) Produce hormones
D) Store fat
Answer: A) Protect the body.
139. What structure connects muscles to bones?
A) Ligaments
B) Tendons
C) Cartilage
D) Joints
Answer: B) Tendons.
140. What is a primary function of the nervous system?
A) To produce hormones
B) To respond to stimuli
C) To filter blood
D) To aid in digestion
Answer: B) To respond to stimuli.
Environmental Science

141. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?

A) Solar energy
B) Oil
C) Wind energy
D) Biomass
Answer: B) Oil.
142. What is the greenhouse effect?
A) The blockage of sunlight
B) The trapping of heat by greenhouse gases
C) The depletion of the ozone layer
D) Excessive heating of Earth's surface
Answer: B) The trapping of heat by greenhouse gases.
143. Which of the following is a consequence of climate change?
A) Decreased sea levels
B) Increased frequency of extreme weather events
C) Stabilized ecosystems
D) Reduced biodiversity
Answer: B) Increased frequency of extreme weather events.
144. What is the main threat to biodiversity worldwide?
A) Habitat loss
B) Climate change
C) Invasive species
D) Overfishing
Answer: A) Habitat loss.
145. What is bioremediation?
A) The process of removing contaminants from the environment using
living organisms
B) The introduction of pesticides into the environment
C) The planting of trees for climate recovery
D) The creation of artificial ecosystems
Answer: A) The process of removing contaminants from the
environment using living organisms.
146. Which of the following best describes a food web?
A) A linear sequence of energy transfer
B) A complex network of feeding relationships
C) A single chain of organisms
D) The food source for a single organism
Answer: B) A complex network of feeding relationships.
147. Which gas is primarily responsible for global warming?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Carbon dioxide
D) Hydrogen
Answer: C) Carbon dioxide.
148. What is sustainability?
A) The continuous use of natural resources
B) The ability to meet present needs without compromising future
generations
C) The depletion of resources
D) The exploitation of the environment
 Answer: B) The ability to meet present needs without
compromising future generations.
149. What is an ecosystem service?
A) The benefits provided by ecosystems to humans
B) The sale of natural resources
C) The destruction of habitats for development
D) None of the above
Answer: A) The benefits provided by ecosystems to humans.
150. What is the term for the maximum population size that an
environment can sustain?
A) Population growth
B) Carrying capacity
C) Ecological footprint
D) Biodiversity
Answer: B) Carrying capacity.