Question 55 Page 231 / 245 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function

and find its Laplace Transform

𝟐, 𝟎≤𝒕<𝟑
𝒇(𝒕) = {
−𝟐, 𝒕≥𝟑
Solution 55 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟐{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)} − 𝟐{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)}
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟐{𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)} − 𝟐{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)}
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟐𝒖(𝒕) − 𝟐𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑) − 𝟐𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟐𝒖(𝒕) − 𝟒𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝟐𝒖(𝒕) − 𝟒𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)}
As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of
above expression:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝟐𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝓛{𝟒𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)}
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐𝓛{𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝟒𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)}………………………………(1)
𝟏
We know that 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕)} = ………………………………(2)
𝒔

𝒆−𝒂𝒔
𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} =
𝒔
𝒆−𝟑𝒔
𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)} = ………………………………(3)
𝒔

Putting (2) and (3) in (1)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐𝓛{𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝟒𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟑)}………………………………(1)
 𝟏 𝒆−𝟑𝒔
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐 { } − 𝟒 { }
𝒔 𝒔
𝟐 𝟒𝒆−𝟑𝒔
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = −
𝒔 𝒔

Question 56 Page 231 / 245 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function

and find its Laplace Transform
𝟏, 𝟎≤𝒕<𝟒
𝒇(𝒕) = { 𝟎 , 𝟒≤𝒕<𝟓
𝟏, 𝒕≥𝟓
Solution 56 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟏{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒)} + 𝟎{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟓)}
+ 𝟏{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟓)}
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟏{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒)} + 𝟏{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟓)}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒) + 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟓)}

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒) + 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟓)}
As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of
above expression:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒)} + 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟓)}…………………(1)
𝟏
We know that 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕)} = ………………………………(2)
𝒔
 𝒆−𝒂𝒔
𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} =
𝒔
𝒆−𝟒𝒔
𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒)} = ………………………………(3)
𝒔
𝒆−𝟓𝒔
𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟓)} = ………………………………(4)
𝒔

Putting (2) to (4) in (1)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒)} + 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟓)}…………………(1)
𝟏 𝒆−𝟒𝒔 𝒆−𝟓𝒔
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = { } − { }+{ }
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝟏 𝒆−𝟒𝒔 𝒆−𝟓𝒔
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = − +
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔

Question 57 Page 231 / 245 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function

and find its Laplace Transform
𝟎, 𝟎≤𝒕<𝟏
𝒇(𝒕) = {
𝒕𝟐 , 𝒕≥𝟏
Solution 57 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟎{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} + {𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)}
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)}
 1st Method
Laplace Transformed of 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…..(2)
Consider 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)}
Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟐 and 𝒂 = 𝟏………………………..(3)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 }
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟏)} = 𝓛{(𝒕 + 𝟏)𝟐 }
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟏)} = 𝓛{(𝒕 + 𝟏)𝟐 }
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟏)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 + 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟏}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟏)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 } + 𝟐𝓛{𝒕} + 𝓛{𝟏}
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟏)} = 𝟑 +
𝒔 𝟐 + ………………………..(4)
𝒔 𝒔

Put (3) and (4) in (2)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆−𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟏)}
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆−𝒔 { + + }
𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔

2nd Method
Question 57 Page 231 / 245 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function
and find its Laplace Transform
𝟎, 𝟎≤𝒕<𝟏
𝒇(𝒕) = {
𝒕𝟐 , 𝒕≥𝟏
Solution 57 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟎{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} + {𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)}
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)}
We know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(1)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑮(𝒔)
Here 𝒂 = 𝟏…………………………..(2)
Consider
{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)}
Now 𝒕𝟐 = (𝒕 − 𝟏 + 𝟏)𝟐
𝒕𝟐 = (𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒕 − 𝟏)(𝟏) + (𝟏)𝟐
𝒕𝟐 = (𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒕 − 𝟏) + 𝟏…………………………..(3)
Put (2) and (3) in (1)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(1)
𝓛{[(𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒕 − 𝟏) + 𝟏]𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆−𝒔 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 + 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟏}
𝓛{[(𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒕 − 𝟏) + 𝟏]𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆−𝒔 {𝓛(𝒕𝟐 ) + 𝟐𝓛(𝒕) + 𝓛(𝟏)}
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
𝓛{[(𝒕 − 𝟏)𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒕 − 𝟏) + 𝟏]𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆−𝒔 { + + }
𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔
Question 58 Page 231 / 245 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function
and find its Laplace Transform
𝟑𝝅
𝟎, 𝟎≤𝒕<
𝒇(𝒕) = { 𝟐
𝟑𝝅
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , 𝒕≥
𝟐
Solution 58 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟎 {𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖 (𝒕 − )} + {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝟑𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐

1st Method
Laplace Transformed of 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…..(2)
𝟑𝝅
Consider 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐
𝟑𝝅
Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 and 𝒂 = ………………………..(3)
𝟐

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕}
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛 {𝒈 (𝒕 + )} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝒕 + )}
𝟐 𝟐
 𝟑𝝅
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝒕 + )}
𝟐
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝐜𝐨𝐬 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕}
𝟐 𝟐
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕(𝟎) + (−𝟏) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = −𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕}
𝒔
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = − ………………………..(4)
𝒔𝟐 +𝟏

Put (3) and (4) in (2)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
−𝟐𝒔 𝒔
𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = 𝒆 {− 𝟐 }
𝟐 𝒔 +𝟏
𝟑𝝅
−𝟐𝒔
𝟑𝝅 𝒔𝒆
𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = − 𝟐
𝟐 𝒔 +𝟏

2nd Method
Question 58 Page 231 / 245 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function
and find its Laplace Transform
𝟑𝝅
𝟎, 𝟎≤𝒕<
𝒇(𝒕) = { 𝟐
𝟑𝝅
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , 𝒕≥
𝟐
Solution 58 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
 𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟎 {𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖 (𝒕 − )} + {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝟑𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐
We know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(1)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑮(𝒔)
𝟑𝝅
Here 𝒂 = …………………………..(2)
𝟐

Consider
𝟑𝝅
{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
Now 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 {(𝒕 − ) + ( )}
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝒕 − ) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( ) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝒕 − ) (𝟎) + (−𝟏) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − )
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝝅
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 = (𝟎) − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − )
𝟐
𝟑𝝅
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 = − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − )…………………………..(3)
𝟐

Put (2) and (3) in (1)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(1)
 𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
−𝟐𝒔
𝓛 {− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − )} 𝒖 (𝒕 − )=𝒆 𝓛{− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕}
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝓛 {− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − )} 𝒖 (𝒕 − ) = −𝒆− 𝟐 𝒔 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕}
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅
−𝟐𝒔 𝒔
𝓛 {− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − )} 𝒖 (𝒕 − ) = −𝒆 { 𝟐 }
𝟐 𝟐 𝒔 +𝟏
𝟑𝝅
𝟑𝝅 𝟑𝝅 𝒆− 𝟐 𝒔 𝒔
𝓛 {− 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − )} 𝒖 (𝒕 − )=− 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝒔 +𝟏

Question 59 Page 231 / 245 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function

and find its Laplace Transform
𝒕, 𝟎≤𝒕<𝟐
𝒇(𝒕) = {
𝟎, 𝒕≥𝟐
Solution 59 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒕{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟎{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝒕𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟎
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝒕𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}………………………….(1)

1st Method
Laplace Transformed of 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…(2)
Consider 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)}
Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝒕 and 𝒂 = 𝟎………………………..(3)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕}
𝟏
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)} = ………………………..(4)
𝒔𝟐

Put (3) and (4) in (2)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−(𝟎)𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟎)}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−(𝟎)𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}
𝟏
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆𝟎 { 𝟐 }
𝒔
𝟏
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = { 𝟐 }………………………..(5)
𝒔

Laplace Transformed of 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…(2)

Consider 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝒕 and 𝒂 = 𝟐………………………..(6)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝒕 + 𝟐}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝒕} + 𝓛{𝟐}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝒕} + 𝟐𝓛{𝟏}
𝟏 𝟐
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = + ………………………..(7)
𝒔𝟐 𝒔
Put (6) and (7) in (2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−(𝟐)𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐)}
𝟏 𝟐
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟐 + }………………………..(8)
𝒔 𝒔

Put (5) and (8) in (1)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}………………………….(1)
𝟏 −𝟐𝒔
𝟏 𝟐
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = − 𝒆 { + }
𝒔𝟐 𝒔𝟐 𝒔
𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒔
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐 − 𝟐 −
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔

2nd Method
Question 59 Page 231 / 245 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function
and find its Laplace Transform
𝒕, 𝟎≤𝒕<𝟐
𝒇(𝒕) = {
𝟎, 𝒕≥𝟐
Solution 59 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒕{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟎{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝒕𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟎
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝒕𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}………………………….(1)
We know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑮(𝒔)
Consider
𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)}
Here 𝒂 = 𝟎…………………………..(3)
Now 𝒕 = (𝒕 − 𝟎)
𝒕 = 𝒕…………………………..(4)
Put (3) and (4) in (2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)} = 𝒆−(𝟎)𝒔 𝓛{𝒕}
𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)} = 𝒆𝟎 𝓛{𝒕}
𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)} = 𝟏𝓛{𝒕}
𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕}
𝟏
𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)} = { 𝟐 }
𝒔
𝟏
𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)} = …………………………..(5)
𝒔𝟐

Consider
𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
Here 𝒂 = 𝟐…………………………..(6)
Now 𝒕 = (𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟐…………………………..(7)
Put (6) and (7) in (2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{[(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟐]𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}
𝓛{[(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟐]𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−(𝟐)𝒔 𝓛{𝒕 + 𝟐}
𝓛{[(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟐]𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 𝓛{𝒕} + 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 𝓛{𝟐}
𝓛{[(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟐]𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 𝓛{𝒕} + 𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒔 𝓛{𝟏}
𝟏 𝟏
𝓛{[(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟐]𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟐 } + 𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { }
𝒔 𝒔
𝒆−𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒔
𝓛{[(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟐]𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = { 𝟐 } + { }
𝒔 𝒔
𝒆−𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒔
𝓛{[(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟐]𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = + …………………………..(8)
𝒔𝟐 𝒔

Put (5) and (8) in (1)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}………………………….(1)
𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒔
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐 − { 𝟐 + }
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒔
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐 − 𝟐 −
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔

Question 60 Page 231 / 245 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function

and find its Laplace Transform
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟐𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = {
𝟎, 𝒕 ≥ 𝟐𝝅
Solution 60 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 {𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)} + 𝟎{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 {𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)} + 𝟎
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 {𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}…………………..(1)

1st Method
Laplace Transformed of 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…..(2)
Consider 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)}
Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 and 𝒂 = 𝟎………………………..(3)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟎)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕)}
𝟏
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = ………………………..(4)
𝒔𝟐 +𝟏

Put (3) and (4) in (2)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
𝟏
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} = 𝒆−(𝟎)𝒔 { }
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
 𝒆𝟎
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} = 𝟐
𝒔 +𝟏
𝟏
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} = ………………………(5)
𝒔𝟐 +𝟏

Consider 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}

Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 and 𝒂 = 𝟐𝝅………………………..(6)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐𝝅)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕 + 𝟐𝝅)}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕 + 𝟐𝝅)}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝝅 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝝅) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕)(𝟏) + (𝟎) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕) + 𝟎}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕)}
𝟏
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = ………………………..(7)
𝒔𝟐 +𝟏

Put (6) and (7) in (2)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
𝟏
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−(𝟐𝝅)𝒔 { }
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} = ……………………………(8)
𝒔𝟐 +𝟏

Put (5) and (8) in (1)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}…………………..(1)
 𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐 −
𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏

2nd Method
Question 60 Page 231 / 245 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function
and find its Laplace Transform
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 , 𝟎 ≤ 𝒕 < 𝟐𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = {
𝟎, 𝒕 ≥ 𝟐𝝅
Solution 60 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 {𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)} + 𝟎{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 {𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)} + 𝟎
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 {𝒖(𝒕) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}…………………..(1)
We know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑮(𝒔)
Consider
{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)}
𝐠(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕
𝒂=𝟎
{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕 − 𝟎) 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎)}
𝐠(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕…………………………..(3)
Put (3) in (2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} = 𝒆−(𝟎)𝒔 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕}
𝟏
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} = 𝒆𝟎 { }
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
𝟏
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} = { 𝟐 }
𝒔 +𝟏

𝟏
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} = …………………..(4)
𝒔𝟐 +𝟏

Consider
{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
𝐠(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕
𝒂 = 𝟐𝝅
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧[(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) + 𝟐𝝅]
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝝅 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝝅 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) (𝟏) + (𝟎) 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) (𝟏) + (𝟎)
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)…………………………..(5)
Put (5) in (2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕}
𝟏
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔 { }
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)} = …………………………..(6)
𝒔𝟐 +𝟏

Put (4) and (6) in (1)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} − 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}…………………..(1)
𝟏 𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐 −
𝒔 + 𝟏 𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏
Question 1 Find the Laplace Transform of
𝝅 𝟑𝝅
( )
𝒇 𝐭 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − ) − 𝒖 (𝒕 − )
𝟐 𝟐

1st Method
Solution 1 Taking Laplace Transform of given expression:
𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕𝒖 (𝒕 − ) − 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐 𝟐
As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of
above expression:
𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕𝒖 (𝒕 − )} − 𝓛 {𝒖 (𝒕 − )}……………………..(1)
𝟐 𝟐

We know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
 𝝅
Consider 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐
𝝅
Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 and 𝒂 =
𝟐

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕}
𝝅 𝝅
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛 {𝒈 (𝒕 + )} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝒕 + )}
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
𝓛 {𝒈 (𝒕 + )} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝒕 + )}
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝓛 {𝒈 (𝒕 + )} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( ) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕}
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝝅
𝓛 {𝒈 (𝒕 + )} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕(𝟎) +(𝟏) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕}
𝟐
𝝅
𝓛 {𝒈 (𝒕 + )} = 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕}
𝟐
𝝅 𝒔
𝓛 {𝒈 (𝒕 + )} = ……………………………………(3)
𝟐 𝒔𝟐 +𝟏

Put (3) in (2)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
𝝅 𝒔𝝅
−𝟐 𝝅
𝓛 {𝒈(𝒕)𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = 𝒆 𝓛 {𝒈(𝒕 + )}
𝟐 𝟐
𝒔𝝅
−
𝝅 𝒔𝒆 𝟐
𝓛 {𝒈(𝒕)𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = …………………………..(4)
𝟐 𝒔𝟐 +𝟏
𝒆−𝒂𝒔
We know that 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} =
𝒔
𝟑𝝅
Consider 𝓛 {𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐
𝟑𝝅
Here 𝒂 =
𝟐
𝒆−𝒂𝒔
Now 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} =
𝒔
 𝟑𝝅𝒔
−
𝟑𝝅 𝒆 𝟐
𝓛 {𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = …………………………….(5)
𝟐 𝒔

Put (4) and (5) in (1)

𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕𝒖 (𝒕 − )} − 𝓛 {𝒖 (𝒕 − )}……………………..(1)
𝟐 𝟐
𝒔𝝅 𝟑𝝅𝒔
−𝟐 − 𝟐
𝒔𝒆 𝒆
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = −
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔

2nd Method
Question 1 Find the Laplace Transform of
𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝒇(𝐭) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − ) − 𝒖 (𝒕 − )
𝟐 𝟐
Solution 1 Taking Laplace Transform of given expression:
𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕𝒖 (𝒕 − ) − 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐 𝟐
As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of
above expression:
𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕𝒖 (𝒕 − )} − 𝓛 {𝒖 (𝒕 − )}……………………..(1)
𝟐 𝟐

We know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝒈(𝒔)
𝝅
Consider 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐
 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
Now 𝐬𝐢𝐧 [(𝒕 − ) + ( )] = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝒕 − ) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( ) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝐬𝐢𝐧 [(𝒕 − ) + ( )] = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 (𝒕 − ) (𝟎) +(𝟏)𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
𝐬𝐢𝐧 [(𝒕 − ) + ( )] = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

𝝅
𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − ) … … … … … … … … … … … … … … (𝟑)
𝟐

Put (3) in (2)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)

𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
−𝟐𝒔
𝓛 {𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − ) 𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = 𝒆 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐭}
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝒔
𝓛 {𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − ) 𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = 𝒆− 𝟐 𝒔 { 𝟐 }
𝟐 𝟐 𝒔 +𝟏

𝝅
− 𝒔
𝝅 𝝅 𝒆 𝟐 𝒔
𝓛 {𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 − ) 𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = .....................................(4)
𝟐 𝟐 𝒔𝟐 +𝟏
𝒆−𝒂𝒔
We know that 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} =
𝒔
𝟑𝝅
Consider 𝓛 {𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐
𝟑𝝅
Here 𝒂 =
𝟐
 𝒆−𝒂𝒔
Now 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} =
𝒔
𝟑𝝅𝒔
−
𝟑𝝅 𝒆 𝟐
𝓛 {𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = …………………………….(5)
𝟐 𝒔

Put (4) and (5) in (1)

𝝅 𝟑𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛 {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕𝒖 (𝒕 − )} − 𝓛 {𝒖 (𝒕 − )}……………………..(1)
𝟐 𝟐
𝒔𝝅 𝟑𝝅𝒔
− −
𝒆 𝒆𝟐𝒔 𝟐
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = −
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟏 𝒔

Question 2 Find the Laplace Transform of

𝒇(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)

1st Method
Solution 2 Taking Laplace Transform of given expression:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)}……………………..(1)
We know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 and 𝒂 = 𝝅
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝝅)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐(𝒕 + 𝝅)}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝝅)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐(𝒕 + 𝝅)}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝝅)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒕 + 𝟐𝝅)}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝝅)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒕 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝝅) + 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝝅) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝝅)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒕(𝟏) +(𝟎) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝝅)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒕}
𝟐
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝝅)} = ………………………………(3)
𝒔𝟐 +𝟐𝟐

Put (3) in (2)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)} = 𝒆−𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝝅)}
𝟐𝒆−𝝅𝒔
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)} = 𝟐
𝒔 + 𝟐𝟐

2nd Method
Question 2 Find the Laplace Transform of
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)

Solution 2 Taking Laplace Transform of given expression:

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)}……………………..(1)
We know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑮(𝒔)
𝒂 = 𝝅……………………………………(3)
Consider 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 = {𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅 + 𝟐𝝅}
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 = {𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) + (𝟐𝝅)}
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 = {𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝝅) + 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝝅) 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 = {𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)(𝟏) +(𝟎) 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 = {𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) + 𝟎}
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 = {𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐(𝒕 − 𝝅)……………………………………(4)
Put (3) and (4) in (2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝒈(𝒔)
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐(𝒕 − 𝝅) 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)} = 𝒆−𝒔𝝅 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕}

𝟐
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐(𝒕 − 𝝅) 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)} = 𝒆−𝒔𝝅
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒
𝟐 𝒆−𝒔𝝅
𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐(𝒕 − 𝝅) 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)} = 𝟐
𝒔 +𝟒

Question 3 Find the Laplace Transform of

𝒇(𝒕) = (𝟏 + 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟑𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕𝟑 )𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)

1st Method
Solution 3 Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{(𝟏 + 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟑𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕𝟑 )𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟐𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐) − 𝟑𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟒𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, applying on R.H.S of
above expression:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝓛{𝟐𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} − 𝓛{𝟑𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝓛{𝟒𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}

Taking 2, 3 and 4 outside from R.H.S of above expression

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟐𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} − 𝟑𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟒𝓛{𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}…(1)

Consider 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}

𝒆−𝒂𝒔
We know that 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} =
𝒔

Here 𝒂 = 𝟐
𝒆−𝒂𝒔
𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} =
𝒔
𝒆−𝟐𝒔
𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} = ………………………….(2a)
𝒔

Now consider 𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}

We know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝒕 and 𝒂 = 𝟐
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐)} = 𝓛{𝒕 + 𝟐} = 𝓛{𝒕} + 𝓛{𝟐}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐)} = 𝓛{𝒕} + 𝓛{𝟐}
𝟏 𝟐
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐)} = + ………………(3)
𝒔𝟐 𝒔

Put (3) in (2)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
𝟏 𝟐
𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟐 + }…………….(4)
𝒔 𝒔

Now consider 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}

We know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟐 and 𝒂 = 𝟐
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐)} = 𝓛{(𝒕 + 𝟐)𝟐 } = 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕 + 𝟒}
= 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 } + 𝟒𝓛{𝒕} + 𝟒𝓛{𝟏}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 } + 𝟒𝓛{𝒕} + 𝟒𝓛{𝟏}
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐)} =
𝒔𝟑 + 𝟐 + ………………(5)
𝒔 𝒔

Put (5) in (2)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
𝟐 𝟒 𝟏
𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟑 + + }…………….(6)
𝒔 𝒔𝟐 𝒔

Now consider 𝓛{𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}

We know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟑 and 𝒂 = 𝟐
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐)} = 𝓛{(𝒕 + 𝟐)𝟑 } = 𝓛{(𝒕𝟑 + 𝟔𝒕𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒕 + 𝟖)}
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝟑 } + 𝟔𝓛{𝒕𝟐 } + 𝟏𝟐𝓛{𝒕} + 𝟖𝓛{𝟏}
𝟑! 𝟐! 𝟏! 𝟖
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐)} = + 𝟔 + 𝟏𝟐 +
𝒔𝟒 𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔
𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟖
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝟐)} = + + + …………….(7)
𝒔𝟒 𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔

Put (7) in (2)

𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}…………………………..(2)
𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟖
𝓛{𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟒 + + + }…………….(8)
𝒔 𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔
Put (8), (6) (4) and (2a) in (1)
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟐𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} − 𝟑𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟒𝓛{𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}…(1)

𝒆−𝟐𝒔 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = + 𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟐 + } − 𝟑𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟑 + 𝟐 + }
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝟔 𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟐 𝟖
+ 𝟒𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟒 + 𝟑 +
+ }
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔𝟐 𝒔
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟒 𝟒𝟖 𝟒𝟖 𝟑𝟐
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { + 𝟐 + − 𝟑 − 𝟐 − + 𝟒+ 𝟑+ 𝟐+ }
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝟏 𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟒𝟖 𝟔 𝟒𝟖 𝟐𝟒
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { + − + + − + 𝟐 − 𝟑 + 𝟑 + 𝟒}
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔𝟐 𝒔𝟐 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟖 𝟒𝟐 𝟐𝟒
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { + 𝟐 + 𝟑 + 𝟒}
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟖 𝟒𝟐 𝟐𝟒
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { + 𝟐 + 𝟑 + 𝟒}
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔

Question 3 Find the Laplace Transform of

𝒇(𝒕) = (𝟏 + 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟑𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕𝟑 )𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)

2nd Method
Solution 3 Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{(𝟏 + 𝟐𝒕 − 𝟑𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕𝟑 )𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟐𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐) − 𝟑𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟒𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, applying on R.H.S of
above expression:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝓛{𝟐𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} − 𝓛{𝟑𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝓛{𝟒𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}
Taking 2, 3 and 4 outside from R.H.S of above expression
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟐𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} − 𝟑𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟒𝓛{𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}…(1)

Consider 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}

𝒆−𝒂𝒔
We know that 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} =
𝒔

Here 𝒂 = 𝟐
𝒆−𝒂𝒔
𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} =
𝒔
𝒆−𝟐𝒔
𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} = ………………………….(2a)
𝒔

We know that
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑭(𝒔)

Now consider 𝓛{ 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}

Now 𝒕 = (𝒕 − 𝟐) + (𝟐)

𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂) = (𝒕 − 𝟐) + (𝟐)

𝒇(𝒕) = (𝒕) + (𝟐)

𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒕 + 𝟐

Here 𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒕 + 𝟐 and 𝒂 = 𝟐

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕 + 𝟐}
𝟏 𝟐
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = + ……………………………………(3)
𝒔𝟐 𝒔
𝟏 𝟐
𝑭(𝒔) = 𝟐 +
𝒔 𝒔

Put (3) in (2)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑭(𝒔)

𝟏 𝟐
𝓛{𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 ( + )
𝒔𝟐 𝒔

𝟏 𝟐
𝓛{𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 ( 𝟐 + )…………………………..(4)
𝒔 𝒔

We know that
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑭(𝒔)

Now consider 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}

Now 𝒕𝟐 = (𝒕 − 𝟐 + 𝟐)𝟐
𝒕𝟐 = (𝒕 − 𝟐 + 𝟐)𝟐 = (𝒕 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟒(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟒

𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂) = (𝒕 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟒(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟒

𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕 + 𝟒

Here 𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕 + 𝟒 and 𝒂 = 𝟐

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 + 𝟒𝒕 + 𝟒}
𝟐! 𝟒(𝟏!) 𝟒
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐+𝟏
+ +
𝒔 𝒔𝟏+𝟏 𝒔

𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = + + ……………………………………(5)
𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔
𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
𝑭(𝒔) = 𝟑 + 𝟐 +
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔

Put (5) in (2)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑭(𝒔)

𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 ( + + )
𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔

𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 ( 𝟑 + + )…………………………..(6)
𝒔 𝒔𝟐 𝒔
We know that
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑭(𝒔)

Now consider 𝓛{𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}

Now 𝒕𝟑 = (𝒕 − 𝟐 + 𝟐)𝟑

𝒕𝟑 = (𝒕 − 𝟐 + 𝟐)𝟑 = (𝒕 − 𝟐)𝟑 + 𝟑(𝒕 − 𝟐)𝟐 (𝟐) + 𝟑(𝒕 − 𝟐)(𝟒) + 𝟖

𝒕𝟑 = (𝒕 − 𝟐 + 𝟐)𝟑 = (𝒕 − 𝟐)𝟑 + 𝟔(𝒕 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟖

𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂) = (𝒕 − 𝟐)𝟑 + 𝟔(𝒕 − 𝟐)𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐(𝒕 − 𝟐) + 𝟖

𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟑 + 𝟔𝒕𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒕 + 𝟖

Here 𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒕𝟑 + 𝟔𝒕𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒕 + 𝟖 and 𝒂 = 𝟐

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝟑 + 𝟔𝒕𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝒕 + 𝟖}

𝟑! 𝟔(𝟐!) 𝟏𝟐(𝟏!) 𝟖
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟑+𝟏
+ + 𝟏+𝟏 +
𝒔 𝒔𝟐+𝟏 𝒔 𝒔
𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟖
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = + + + ……………………………………(7)
𝒔𝟒 𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔
 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟖
𝑭(𝒔) = 𝟒 + + +
𝒔 𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔

Put (7) in (2)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)}…………………………..(2)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 − 𝒂)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝑭(𝒔)

𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟖
𝓛{𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 ( + + + )
𝒔𝟒 𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔
𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟖
𝓛{𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟒 + + + }…………….(8)
𝒔 𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔

Put (8), (6) (4) and (2a) in (1)

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟐𝓛{𝒕𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} − 𝟑𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)} + 𝟒𝓛{𝒕𝟑 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐)}…(1)

𝒆−𝟐𝒔 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒 𝟒
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = + 𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟐 + } − 𝟑𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟑 + 𝟐 + }
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝟔
𝟏𝟐 𝟖 𝟏𝟐
+ 𝟒𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { 𝟒 + 𝟑 + } +
𝒔 𝒔𝒔𝟐 𝒔
𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟔 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟐𝟒 𝟒𝟖 𝟒𝟖 𝟑𝟐
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { + 𝟐 + − 𝟑 − 𝟐 − + 𝟒+ 𝟑+ 𝟐+ }
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝟏 𝟒 𝟏𝟐 𝟑𝟐 𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟒𝟖 𝟔 𝟒𝟖 𝟐𝟒
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { + − + + − + 𝟐 − 𝟑 + 𝟑 + 𝟒}
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔𝟐 𝒔𝟐 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟖 𝟒𝟐 𝟐𝟒
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { + 𝟐 + 𝟑 + 𝟒}
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟖 𝟒𝟐 𝟐𝟒
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝒔 { + 𝟐 + 𝟑 + 𝟒}
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔

Question 1 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function and find its

Laplace Transform
 𝝅
𝟎, 𝟎<𝒕<
𝒇(𝒕) = { 𝟐
𝝅
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 , 𝒕>
𝟐
Solution 1 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝝅 𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟎 {𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖 (𝒕 − )} + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )………..(1)
𝟐

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛 {𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐
We Know that
𝓛{𝒈(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒈(𝒕 + 𝒂)}
𝝅
Here 𝒂 =
𝟐

Applying the formula in above expression

𝝅𝒔
𝝅 𝝅
𝓛 {𝒈(𝒕)𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = 𝒆− 𝟐 𝓛 {𝒈(𝒕 + )}……………………………(1)
𝟐 𝟐

Here 𝒈(𝒕) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕

𝝅
Replacing 𝒕 by 𝒕 + in above expression
𝟐
𝝅 𝝅
𝒈 (𝒕 + ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 + )
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
But 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 + ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒕) 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ( ) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 ( )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝝅
𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 + ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝒕)(𝟎) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝒕) (𝟏)
𝟐
 𝝅 𝝅
𝒈 (𝒕 + ) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 (𝒕 + ) = − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕
𝟐 𝟐
Put in (1)
𝝅𝒔
𝝅 𝝅
𝓛 {𝒈(𝒕)𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = 𝒆− 𝟐 𝓛 {𝒈(𝒕 + )}……………………………(1)
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 𝝅𝒔
𝓛 {𝒈(𝒕)𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = 𝒆− 𝟐 𝓛{− 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕}
𝟐
𝝅 𝝅𝒔
−𝟐
𝓛 {𝒈(𝒕)𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = −𝒆 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒕}
𝟐
𝝅 𝝅𝒔 𝟏
𝓛 {𝒈(𝒕)𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = −𝒆− 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝒔 +𝟏
𝝅𝒔
𝝅 𝒆− 𝟐
𝓛 {𝒈(𝒕)𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = − 𝟐
𝟐 𝒔 +𝟏

Question 2 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function and find its

Laplace Transform
𝟐, 𝟎<𝒕<𝟏
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝒕𝟐 𝝅
, 𝟏<𝒕<
𝟐 𝟐
Solution 2 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒕𝟐 𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟐{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} + {𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏) − 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐 𝟐
𝟏 𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝟐{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} + {𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏) − 𝒕𝟐 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐 𝟐
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
 𝟏 𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} + 𝓛 {𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏) − 𝒕𝟐 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐 𝟐
As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of
above expression:
𝟏 𝟏 𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎)} − 𝟐𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} + 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} − 𝓛 {𝒕𝟐 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}.(1)
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

We know that 𝓛{𝒇𝒏 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒇𝒏 (𝒕 + 𝒂)}

Now consider 𝓛{𝒇𝟏 (𝒕)} = 𝓛{(𝟏)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎)}
Here 𝒂 = 𝟎 and 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕) = 𝟏, 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕 + 𝒂) = 𝟏, 𝒇𝟏 (𝒕 + 𝟎) = 𝟏
Applying the formula in above expression
𝓛{𝒇𝟏 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎)} = 𝒆−𝟎𝒔 𝓛{𝒇𝟏 (𝒕 + 𝟎)}
𝓛{𝒇𝟏 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎)} = 𝒆𝟎 𝓛{𝟏}
𝟏
𝓛{𝒇𝟏 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎)} = 𝒆𝟎
𝒔
𝟏
𝓛{𝒇𝟏 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎)} = ……………………………………….(2)
𝒔

𝓛{𝒇𝟐 (𝒕)} = 𝓛{(𝟏)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)}

Here 𝒂 = 𝟏 and 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕) = 𝟏, 𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 + 𝟏) = 𝟏
Applying the formula in above expression
𝓛{𝒇𝟐 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆−𝒔 𝓛{𝒇𝟐 (𝒕 + 𝟏)}
𝓛{𝒇𝟐 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆−𝒔 𝓛{𝟏}
𝒆−𝒔
𝓛{𝒇𝟐 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎)} = ……………………………………….(3)
𝒔

Now consider 𝓛{𝒇𝟑 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)}

Here 𝒂 = 𝟏 and 𝒇𝟑 (𝒕) = 𝒕𝟐 , 𝒇𝟑 (𝒕 + 𝟏) = (𝒕 + 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝒕𝟐 + 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟏
Applying the formula in above expression
𝓛{𝒇𝟑 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒇𝟑 (𝒕 + 𝒂)}
𝓛{𝒇𝟑 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆−𝒔 𝓛{𝒇𝟑 (𝒕 + 𝟏)}
𝓛{𝒇𝟑 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆−𝒔 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 + 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟏}
As Laplace Transform is linear, therefore, apply it on R.H.S of
above expression:
𝓛{𝒇𝟑 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆−𝒔 𝓛{𝒕𝟐 } + 𝟐𝒆−𝒔 𝓛{𝒕} + 𝒆−𝒔 𝓛{𝟏}
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
𝓛{𝒇𝟑 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆−𝒔 { 𝟑 + 𝟐 + }……………………….(4)
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝝅
Now consider 𝓛{𝒇𝟒 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝓛 {𝒕𝟐 𝒖 (𝒕 − 𝟐)}
𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅𝟐
Here 𝒂 = and 𝒇𝟒 (𝒕) = 𝒕𝟐 , 𝒇𝟒 (𝒕 + ) = (𝒕 + )𝟐 = 𝒕𝟐 + 𝝅𝒕 +
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒

Applying the formula in above expression

𝓛{𝒇𝟒 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒇𝟒 (𝒕 + 𝒂)}
𝝅 −𝟐
𝝅𝒔 𝝅
𝓛 {𝒇𝟒 (𝒕)𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = 𝒆 𝓛 {𝒇𝟒 (𝒕 + )}
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅 −
𝝅𝒔 𝝅𝟐
𝓛 {𝒇𝟒 (𝒕)𝒖 (𝒕 − )} = 𝒆 𝟐 𝓛 {𝒕𝟐 + 𝝅𝒕 + }
𝟐 𝟒
𝝅𝒔
−𝟐 𝟐 𝝅 𝟏 𝝅𝟐
𝓛{𝒇𝟒 (𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} = 𝒆 { 𝟑+ + }……………………….(5)
𝒔 𝒔𝟐 𝒔 𝟒

Putting (2) to (5) in (1)

𝟏 𝝅
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝟐𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} + 𝓛 {𝒕𝟐 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏) − 𝒕𝟐 𝒖 (𝒕 − )}
𝟐 𝟐
𝝅𝒔
𝟐 𝟐𝒆−𝒔 𝒆−𝒔 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝒆− 𝟐 𝟐 𝝅 𝝅𝟐
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = − + { + + }− { + + }
𝒔 𝒔 𝟐 𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔 𝟐 𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝟒𝒔
𝝅𝒔
𝟐 𝒆−𝒔 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝒆− 𝟐 𝟐 𝝅 𝝅𝟐
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = + { + − }− { + + }
𝒔 𝟐 𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝒔 𝟐 𝒔𝟑 𝒔𝟐 𝟒𝒔
Question 3 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function and find its
Laplace Transform
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 , 𝟐𝝅 < 𝒕 < 𝟒𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = {
𝟎, 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆
Solution 3 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 {𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒𝝅)}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒𝝅)}
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅) − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒𝝅)}
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)} − 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒𝝅)}
We know that 𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 + 𝒂)}
Applying the formula
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐(𝒕 + 𝟐𝝅)} − 𝒆−𝟒𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐(𝒕 + 𝟒𝝅)}
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒕 + 𝟒𝝅)} − 𝒆−𝟒𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒕 + 𝟖𝝅)}

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒕)} − 𝒆−𝟒𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒕)}

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = {𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔 − 𝒆−𝟒𝝅𝒔 }𝓛{𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟐𝒕)}
𝟐
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = {𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔 − 𝒆−𝟒𝝅𝒔 } ( )
𝒔𝟐 + 𝟒

Question 4 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function and find its

Laplace Transform
𝒌, 𝟏<𝒕<𝟒
𝒇(𝒕) = {
−𝒌, 𝟒<𝒕<𝟔
Solution 4 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝒌{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒)} − 𝒌{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟔)}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝒌𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏) − 𝒌𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒)} − {𝒌𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒) − 𝒌𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟔)}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝒌𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏) − 𝒌𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒) − 𝒌𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒) + 𝒌𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟔)}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝒌𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏) − 𝟐𝒌𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒) + 𝒌𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟔)}
Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒌𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟏)} − 𝟐𝒌𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟒)} + 𝒌𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟔)}
𝒆−𝒂𝒔
We know that 𝓛{𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} =
𝒔

𝒌𝒆−𝒔 𝟐𝒌𝒆−𝟒𝒔 𝒌𝒆−𝟔𝒔

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = − +
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝒌𝒆−𝒔
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = {𝟏 − 𝟐𝒆−𝟑𝒔 + 𝒆−𝟓𝒔 }
𝒔

Question 5 Express 𝒇(𝒕) as unit step function and find its

Laplace Transform
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕, 𝟎<𝒕<𝝅
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒕, 𝝅 < 𝒕 < 𝟐𝝅
𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 𝒕 , 𝒕 > 𝟐𝝅
Solution 5 Expressing the function 𝒇(𝒕) in terms of unit step
function as
𝒇(𝒕) = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 {𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)} + 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕 {𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅) − 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
+ 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝒕 {𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟎) − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)}
+ {𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅) − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
+ {𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝒕 𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅}
𝒇(𝒕) = {𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} + {(𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒕 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)}
+ {(𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 𝒕 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}

Taking Laplace Transform on both sides:

𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕 𝒖(𝒕)} + 𝓛{(𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐 𝒕 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝝅)}
+ 𝓛{(𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 𝒕 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝟐𝝅)}
We know that 𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)𝒖(𝒕 − 𝒂)} = 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 𝓛{𝒇(𝒕 + 𝒂)}
Applying the formula
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝒆𝟎 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕} + 𝒆−𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟐( 𝒕 + 𝝅) − 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝒕 + 𝝅)}
+ 𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑( 𝒕 + 𝟐𝝅) − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐(𝒕 + 𝝅)}
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕} + 𝒆−𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐 𝒕 + 𝟐𝝅) − 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝒕 + 𝝅)}
+ 𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝟑𝒕 + 𝟔𝝅) − 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒕 + 𝟐𝝅)}
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒕} + 𝒆−𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐 𝒕) + 𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝒕)}
+ 𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔 𝓛{𝐜𝐨𝐬( 𝟑𝒕) − 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟐𝒕)}
𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔 𝒔
𝓛{𝒇(𝒕)} = ( 𝟐 ) + 𝒆−𝝅𝒔 { 𝟐 + 𝟐 } + 𝒆−𝟐𝝅𝒔 { 𝟐 − 𝟐 }
𝒔 +𝟏 𝒔 +𝟒 𝒔 +𝟏 𝒔 +𝟗 𝒔 +𝟒