Unit-4

HRD and it’s Need

1. Human Resource Development (HRD) is the major function of Human Resource

Management.

2. Human Resource Development is defined as the policies and programs that support for
equitable opportunities.

3. It is necessary for continuing acquisition and application of skill and knowledge which is
beneficial to individual organization and is equally beneficial to the community.

4. Human resource development in India consist of urban development as well as the rural
development.

Need for human resource development in rural sector:

1. Human Resource Development is broadly defined as increasing people’s knowledge,

awareness and skills.

2. It plays a significant role in the development of individuals and families,

3. Many of the rural poor lack marketable skills, which severely limits. their opportunities for
earning.

[Link] a wide scale HRD can improve socio-economic outcomes for families and entire
villages.

5. This is especially beneficial for men and women who do not have high levels of formal
education and/or are operating micro-enterprises to support their families.
i The work itself which generates a higher degree of responsibility for the workforce.

ii. The individual who grows personally and professionally.

iii. The work output of improved quality resulting from increased responsibilities.

iv. Organisational functions and structures built in an open system (concern for both
individual and organisational development).

2. Thus, the components or elements of HRDs are the individual growth, the organisational
development and the work output.

Dimensions Of HRD

1. The notion of human resource development dimensions is very complicated as it has

interconnections with several approaches and has involvement of variables of multiple
natures.

2. In terms of building resources of an rural area the dimensions of human resource

development are of primary importance.

3. Human resource development dimensions occupy the central position in geographical

study of a rural area.

4. It is the basis upon which other kind of development for peace and prosperity of
population of rural area depend.

Health Dimensions

1. Dimension refers to the constituent elements or characteristics of human resources.

2. It stands for size or number, nature, extent, component, aspect or characteristics of

human or population resource

3. Human Development Report has considered health as the dimensions of population and
stressed that the assessment of it is essential in U progress of human resource
development.

4. Health as a Human Resource Development dimension consists both the physical and
mental health of an individual

5. Physical dimension refers to the state of the body, its compositions development,
functions, maintenance, etc.

6. Mental dimension refers to right, fit and healthy creative abilities of mind.
7. The physical and mental dimensions of health are the essential components of human
resource development and play instruments role in every kind of physical and intellectual
growth of an individual

8. Both address about how the human resource ingredients relating to the physical and
mental aspects of individuals change or stay the same over time.

9. The overall performance of human resource development is the read of both the physical
and mental health which is found varying during different stages of life span of an
individual.

10. Health is an important indicator of human resources development because an

improvement in health promotes learning, improves stamina and increases energy output.

Education Dimensions

1. Dimension refers to the constituent elements or characteristics human resources.

2. It stands for size or number, nature, extent, component, aspect characteristics of human
or population resource.

3. Human Development Report has considered education as the dimension of population

and stressed that the assessment of it is essential into progress of human resource
development.

4. This dimension is essentially meant for enhancing, upgrading, improving and increasing
the status of mental or intellectual capability such as learning, memory, reasoning, thinking,
competence and other intellectual capacity of an individual.

5. Education is important for raising or developing knowledge, skills, talents, attitude,

aptitude, awareness and other creativity and ability of individual persons

6. Education is one of the most important characteristics of qualitative dimension of human

resources.

7. Education enhances knowledge, skills, energies, interest, attitudes, aptitudes and other
inherent qualities of people.

8. Education plays a vital role and give new vistas in eradicating poverty and mental
isolation of the people in the society.

Skill Development Dimension

1. Dimension refers to the constituent elements or characteristics of human resources,

2. It stands for size or number, nature, extent, component, aspect or characteristics of

human or population resource.
3. Human Development Report has considered skill development as the dimensions of
population and stressed that the assessment of it is essential in the progress of human
resource development.

4. Skill development can take place through formal and non-formal learning process.

5. Skill development is the process of developing intellectual and physical capabilities of

individual for use in socially productive spheres to serve the needs of the people in a society
at large.

6. Skill development is the qualitative dimension of human resource development.

Training Dimension

1. Dimension refers to the constituent elements or characteristics d human resources.

2. It stands for size or number, nature, extent, component, aspect of characteristics of

human or population resource.

3. Human Development Report has considered training as the dimensions of population and
stressed that the assessment of it is essential in the progress of human resource
development.

4. Training is the qualitative dimension of human resource development

5. Training helps in development of experience, knowledge, talents, etc. d an individual.

6. Training can take place through formal and non-formal.

Nutritional status

1. Nutritional status is a measure of the health condition of an individual as affected

primarily by the intake of food and utilization of nutrients.

2. Good nutritional status can only be realized and sustained when individuals within
families and communities are food-secure.

3. Food security is defined as access by all people at all times to the food needed for a
healthy life,

4. Food security has three important dimensions:

i. Adequate availability of food supplies;

ii. Assured access to sufficient food for all individuals; and

iii. Its proper utilization to provide a proper and balanced diet.

5. Nutrition is one of the important components of human resource development.

6. A well-nourished, healthy workforce is a pre-condition for sustainable development.

7 Nutrition plays a critical role in human resource development since deficiencies in

essential nutrients lead to malnutrition, which affects an individual's mental and physical
state, resulting in poor health and poor work performance.

8. Healthier people can transform their energy into productivity more efficiently than
undernourished people.

9. Better health and nutrition can immediately increase the workers current strength,
energy and ability to concentrate on job and there by increases the productivity of workers.

Population Composition

1. To understand the role of people as a resource, we need to know more about their
qualities.

2. People vary greatly in their age, sex, literacy level, health condition, occupation and
income level

3. It is essential to understand these characteristics of the people.

4. Population composition refers to the structure of the population.

5. The composition of population helps us to know how many are males or females, which
age group they belong to, how educated they are and what type of occupations they are
employed in, what their income levels and health conditions are.

6. An interesting way of studying the population composition of a country is by looking at

the population pyramid, also called an age-sex pyramid.

Population Pyramids

1. A population pyramid is a graphical illustration of the distribution of a population by age

groups and sex; it typically forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

2. The shape of the population pyramid tells the story of the people living in that particular
country.

3. The numbers of children (below 15 years) are shown at the bottom and reflect the level
of births.
4. The size of the top shows the numbers of aged people (above 65 years and reflects the
number of deaths.

5. The population pyramid also tells us how many dependents there are in a country.

6. The population pyramid of a country in which birth and death rates both are high is broad
at the base and rapidly narrows towards the top.

7. This is because although, many children are born, a large percentage of them die in their
infancy, relatively few become adults and there are very few old people.

8. This situation is typified by the pyramid shown for Kenya.

9. In countries where death rates (especially amongst the very young) are decreasing, the
pyramid is broad in the younger age groups, because more infants survive to adulthood.

10. This can be seen in the pyramid for India. Such populations contain a relatively large
number of young people and which means a strong and expanding labour force.