Section 1

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which protocol is used for uploading and downloading files in a
network?
a. HTTP
b. FTP
c. SMTP
d. POP3

2. What is the primary responsibility of the OSI model’s transport layer?

a. Managing physical connections
b. End-to-end data delivery
c. Session establishment, management, and termination
d. Converting data to binary format

3. Which type of network topology is characterized by a single central

node connected to multiple other nodes?
a. Mesh
b. Star
c. Ring
d. Bus

4. How many bits are in a MAC address?

a. 32 bits
b. 48 bits
c. 64 bits
d. 128 bits

5. What differentiates a switch from a router in terms of data transfer?

a. A switch uses IP addresses, while a router uses MAC addresses.
 b. A switch operates at Layer 2, while a router operates at Layer 3 of
the OSI model.
c. A switch supports only physical connections, while a router supports
logical connections.
d. A switch provides end-to-end communication, while a router
provides hop-to-hop communication.

Essay Questions
1. Explain the OSI model in detail.
2. Differentiate between MAC and IP addresses.
3. Compare hub, switch, and router.
4. Discuss the various types of network topologies, highlighting their
advantages, disadvantages.
5. Describe how Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) works in a network
and its role in creating MAC tables in a switch.
6. Why can a router replace a switch in certain situations? Discuss the
limitations of replacing a switch with a router.

Section 2
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. What is the primary purpose of private IP addresses?
a. To uniquely identify devices on the internet
b. To facilitate internal network communication
c. To provide a secure method for remote login
d. To assign logical addresses dynamically
 2. Which NAT type maps multiple private IPs to a single public IP using
different port numbers?
a. Static NAT
b. Dynamic NAT
c. PAT (Port Address Translation)
d. Subnetting
3. What is the subnet mask for a network with 256 IP addresses?
a. [Link]
b. [Link]
c. [Link]
d. [Link]
4. What is the main advantage of using SSH over Telnet?
a. Easier configuration
b. Compatibility with older devices
c. Enhanced security through encryption
d. Faster data transfer speeds
5. How many subnets will be created by dividing a network with a /24
subnet mask into a /26 subnet mask?
a. 2 subnets
b. 4 subnets
c. 8 subnets
d. 16 subnets

Essay Questions
1. Explain the differences between static NAT, dynamic NAT, and PAT.
2. Explain the IPv4 address shortage and the solutions introduced to
address it, such as private IPs, subnetting, and IPv6.
3. What are the differences between Telnet and SSH?
Section
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which layer of the OSI model does a router operate on?
a. Layer 1
b. Layer 2
c. Layer 3
d. Layer 4
2. What is the primary function of a routed protocol?
a. Exchanging routing information between routers
b. Carrying user data traffic from end to end
c. Automatically building routing tables
d. Dividing networks into subnets
3. Which routing protocol is classified as an Interior Gateway Protocol
(IGP)?
a. BGP
b. RIP
c. EGP
d. NAT
4. What is a key characteristic of static routing?
a. Automatically builds routing tables
b. Uses protocols like RIP and OSPF
c. Requires manual configuration of routing tables
d. Supports dynamic changes in the network
5. What distinguishes RIP v2 from RIP v1?
a. RIP v2 is a classful protocol, while RIP v1 is classless.
b. RIP v2 supports classless routing, while RIP v1 does not.
c. RIP v1 operates at Layer 4, while RIP v2 operates at Layer 3.
d. RIP v1 uses advanced distance-vector techniques, while RIP v2 does
not.
 6. Which routing protocol uses link-state methodology?
a. RIP
b. EIGRP
c. OSPF
d. BGP
7. What is the purpose of the # network command in RIP configuration?
a. To define interfaces that will participate in RIP
b. To set the router's IP address
c. To specify the routing table
d. To enable link-state protocols

Essay Questions
1. Explain the differences between static and dynamic routing.
2. Discuss the differences between IGP and EGP, including examples of
protocols under each category.
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using RIP as a
dynamic routing protocol compared to OSPF or EIGRP?
4. Describe the function of routing tables in both static and dynamic
routing.

Section 4
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. What is the primary purpose of DHCP in a network?
a. To provide security for file transfers
b. To automate IP address configuration for devices
c. To manage VLANs on a network
d. To back up configuration files
2. Which protocol is best suited for transferring small, simple files without
security features?
a. FTP
b. TFTP
c. DHCP
d. RIP
3. What is a key disadvantage of TFTP compared to FTP?
a. It is slower.
b. It lacks encryption and authentication.
c. It is not compatible with modern operating systems.
d. It does not support IPv6.
4. Which of the following is an advantage of FTP over TFTP?
a. FTP is simpler to use.
b. FTP supports security features like authentication.
c. FTP is faster than TFTP for small file transfers.
d. FTP does not require IP addressing.
5. In DHCP, what is the purpose of the excluded-address command?
a. To specify IPs that will not be assigned to clients
b. To block unauthorized devices from accessing the network
c. To enable IP address allocation for VLANs
d. To configure the DHCP relay

Essay Questions
1. Explain the role of DHCP in modern networks.
2. Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of FTP and TFTP.
Section 5
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. What does OSPF stand for?
a. Open Standard Path First
b. Optimized Shortest Path First
c. Open Shortest Path First
d. Operational Short Path First
2. Which algorithm does OSPF use to calculate the best path?
a. Bellman-Ford
b. Dijkstra
c. Floyd-Warshall
d. Kruskal
3. What is the administrative distance for OSPF?
a. 90
b. 110
c. 120
d. 200
4. What metric does OSPF use to determine the best path?
a. Hop count
b. Composite
c. Cost
d. Split horizon
5. Which of the following statements about OSPF is true?
a. OSPF does not support load sharing.
b. OSPF supports equal load sharing by default.
c. OSPF uses hop count as its metric.
d. OSPF cannot work with classless IP addressing.
6. Which feature is not available in OSPF compared to RIP and EIGRP?
a. Split horizon
 b. Classless routing
c. Triggered updates
d. Equal load sharing

Essay Questions
1. Explain the working of OSPF.
2. What is the metrics used by RIP, OSPF, and EIGRP to calculate the
best path?
3. Compare the administrative distances of RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP.
Explain the impact of these values on route selection in a multi-
protocol network.
4. Explain the role of OSPF in load sharing. How does it differ from
EIGRP in terms of equal and unequal cost load balancing?