Reviewer or advanced communication: midterms
COMMUNICATION:
- Is the process of sending and receiving messages through spoken or
written words and sometimes non-verbally through facial expressions,
gestures, and voice qualities.
- Systematic process in which people interact with and through symbols
to create and interpret meanings.
- The process of sending information to oneself or another entity, usually
via a language.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION:
1. Aristotle model
2. Laswell’s Verbal Model – communication can be understood by
answering the five questions provided by Harold Laswell (1948).
3. Shannon and Weaver Model – in 1949 Claude Shannon and Warren
Weaver modified Laswell’s verbal model by adding noise as a
component.
4. Schramm’s Interactional Model
5. Barnlund’s Transactional Model
Considerations: communicators
- Participants switch roles between being senders and receivers.
- Takes into account the social, relational, and cultural contexts o the
communicators.
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION:
1. Who? - speaker
2. What? - message
3. How? - media
4. To whom? - receiver
5. What's next? - feedback
6. Barrier? - noise
GLOBALIZATION
- process by which different parts of the world interact and integrate
economically, politically, and culturally.
- Is the process of interaction and interaction among people, companies,
and governments worldwide.
- Has accelerated since the 18th century due to advances in
transportation and communication technology.
COMMUNICATION IN GLOBAL CONTEXT – all over the world, nations are
experiencing more and more people from other cultures coming into their
countries. Some people give newcomers a warm welcome, some are less
warm, but allow foreigners to thrive.
THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON GLOBAL COMMUNICATION – the
world is now flat rather than round. (Thomas Friedman)
COMMUNICATION ACROSS CULTURES:
- Communicating across cultures is challenging. Each culture has set
rules that its members take for granted. Few of us are aware of our
own cultural biases because cultural imprinting begins at a very early
age. And while some of a culture’s knowledge, rules, beliefs, values,
phobias, and anxieties are taught explicitly, most of the information is
absorbed subconsciously.
- We are all individuals and no two people belonging to the same culture
are guaranteed to respond in exactly the same way. However,
generalizations are valid to the extent that they provide cues on what
you will most likely encounter when dealing with members of a
particular culture.
LESSON 2:
COMMUNICATION
- Comes from the Latin word ‘communis’, which means ‘commons’. To
be common means “to come together” or “to commune” - “to
share something in common”.
PROCESSES O ORAL COMMUNICATION:
1. Encoding – is everything that goes inside the brain of an individual. It
involves the sender who, grounded by communicative intentions and
goals, decides on assigning codes.
2. Transmitting – is the process by which the sender, having assigned
codes to come up with thought symbols (message) that are also
comprehensible by the participant/s of the communication, transmits
or sends message to its recipient.
3. Receiving – having been submitted through sound waves and light
waves, then comes from the sender then reaches the receiver. It is
assumed that the receiver’s attention is focused on the communication
at hand to facilitate better understanding of the message transported
by the sender.
4. Decoding – is the process by which the receiver interprets or assigns
meanings to the codes transported by the source. The receiver tries to
give meanings to these symbols which may be literal or may give
associations depending on knowledge and/or experience.
SPEECH ACTS:
1. Locution – the actual words uttered.
- What time do you call this?
2. Illocution – the interaction behind the words uttered.
- Wanting an apology / explanation for someone being late.
3. Perlocution – the influence of the words of the listener.
- Listener apologies / explains.
5. Responding – response is anticipated by the sender from the receive.
PRESSING CHARGES IN PUBLIC SPEAKING IN THE MODERN WORLD:
1. Cultural Diversity in the Modern World
2. Cultural Diversity and Public Speaking
3. Complexity of Speech and Language
AVOIDING ETHNOCENTRISM
- It is part of every culture, and it can play a positive role in creating
group pride and loyalty.
- You need to keep in mind that all people have their special beliefs and
customs.
- Avoiding ethnocentrism does not mean that you must agree with the
values and practices of all groups and cultures.
LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION:
1. Verbal – surface level
2. Physical – visible / observable cues
3. Auditory – audible cues
4. Emotional – empathetic and sympathetic level
5. Energetic – x-factor
LISTENING:
- At the end of the communication line is an indispensable element – the
listener, he active participation of whom either makes or unmakes
communication
- Listening is the cognitive process whereby we attach meanings to
aural signals. It is the active intellectual process of decoding,
interpreting, understanding and evaluating messages.
TYPES OF LISTENING:
1. Discriminative
2. Comprehension
3. Critical
4. Biased
5. Evaluative
6. Appreciative
7. Sympathetic
8. Empathetic
9. Therapeutic
LESSON 3
TED:
- Is a nonprofit group devoted to spreading ideas, usually in the form of
short, powerful talks (18 minutes or less).
- Began in 1984 as a conference where Technology, Entertainment and
Design converged and today covers almost all topics – from science to
business to global issues – in more than 100 languages.
- Is a global community, welcoming people from every discipline and
culture who seek a deeper understanding of the world.
TEDx TALK
- Simply put, TEDx, x=independently organized event. TEDx follows the
same format as a TED talk.
- The main difference between TED and TEDx is that TEDx is focused on
a local, geographic area. It is a local gathering where TED-like talks
and presentations are shared with the community.
TED BASIS OF TEDx
COMPARISON
Global Approach Approach Local Approach
Independent Licensing A Requirement
Ted Officials Production Anyone
Experts Speakers Not necessary
Large Audience Publicity Small Audience
ARE TED AND TEDx SPEAKERS PAID?
- Surprisingly, all speakers affiliated with TED events speak completely
for free. This is largely because of the clout that comes with giving TED
or TEDx talks.
- However, it’s also because of the free marketing you gain as the TED
organization promotes your presentation their library of talks.
IS TEDx CREDIBLE?
- To put it simply, considering the credentials and experience of the vast
majority of TED speakers, TEDx talks are considered to be highly
credible.
- Likewise, for any Talk topic, the speaker usually has a great deal of
related life experience, so you know they don’t just preach about their
message. They've lived it too.
THE TED FORMAT – each TEDx event follows the TED format. It consists of
a roster of short, carefully prepared talks and demonstrations. TEDx talks are
idea-focused and cover a wide range of subjects that provoke conversations
that matter.
DIVERSITY OF TOPICS – TEDx events offer presentations that encompass a
broad spectrum of topics and issues. You get to hear diverse topics from a
broad range of voices from technology, science, design, business, activism,
society, child development, and community.
COMMUNITY-DRIVEN AND BIAS-FREE CONTENT – every TEDx event is
organized by volunteers from the local community. Similar to TED events,
there is no commercial, religious, or political agenda behind the talks. Its
goal is to spark conversation, connection, and community.
WHAT TEDx IS NOT: although TEDx is inclusive in topics and
speakers, there are specific criteria that every TEDx event must
follow.
- Is not an industry of marketing conference or limited to one topic or
industry. TEDx cannot be used for selling or commercial purposes.
- Cannot be used to raise money, even if that money is going to charity.
- Not organized for any political, religious, commercial, or special
interest group.
