A To Z Linux Commands
A To Z Linux Commands
Resources
A to Z Linux Commands
All the Linux commands that have been covered on LHB organized in
alphabetical order.
Oct 29, 2022 — Abhishek Prakash
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additional CLI utilities like curl, wget etc.
On Linux Handbook, we have covered over 80 Linux commands with practical examples. This is a
collection of all the Linux commands we have covered so far.
The commands have been organized in alphabetical order so that it is easy for you to find the
commands from the index.
A
alias
The alias command is simply a way to reference another command. It can be used to avoid
repetitive long typing of commands and shell lines and simplify work.
at
The at command in Linux is used to schedule jobs that do not run on a regular schedule.
awk
The AWK command dates back to the early Unix days. Long back before Perl or Python came into
existence, AWK was used in scripts for manipulating text. You can use it for writing relatively
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complex programs, but also because of the powerful one-liners you can write to solve issues with
your data files.
B
basename
The basename command in Linux prints the final component in a file path. This is particularly
helpful in bash scripts where you want to extract the file name from the long file path.
The basename command in Linux prints the final component in a file path.
Learn some practical examples of using basename command in bash scripts.
C
cal
Unix-like systems provide a handful of tools for dealing with dates and times.
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serpapi.com
Cal is one such command that enables you to view calendar in the command line.
cat
cat is one of the most used commands in Linux. Intended for concatenating text, it is mainly used
for displaying the contents of text files.
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cd
The cd command is used to navigate between directories in Linux. It stands for ‘change directory’.
chgrp
chgrp command is used for changing the group of a file or directory in Linux.
This guide shows you how to use chgrp command in Linux with practical…
chmod
chmod stands for change mode. This command is used for changing the mode of access, i.e. the
file permissions in Linux.
chown
The chown command in Linux enables you to change the user and group ownership of a file or
directory.
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cp
One of the commands that you must know in Linux is cp. It’s often called the copy command in
Linux and it is actually short for copy and it does exactly as it name suggests: it copies.
cron
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The crontab is used to automate all types of tasks on Linux systems. This is an especially
important skill for aspiring system administrators to learn.
curl
CURL is a tool for data transfer. The most popular use case for curl command is to download files
from the web in Linux terminal.
cut
The cut command is the canonical tool to remove “columns” from a text file. In this context, a
“column” can be defined as a range of characters or bytes identified by their physical position on
the line, or a range of fields delimited by a separator.
D
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date
The date command gives you the current date and time of you Linux system. But it can do a lot
more than that.
dd
The dd command in Linux is a powerful utility for copying and converting files. Its most popular
use case is creating live Linux USB using Linux command line.
df
The df command is used for checking disk space in Linux.
diff
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When you need to compare two files containing similar text in Linux, using the diff command can
make your task much easier. The command compares two files to suggest changes that would
make the files identical. Great for finding that extra curly brace that broke your newly updated
code.
dig
Dig command in Linux is commonly used for retrieving the DNS information of a remote server.
dirname
The dirname command in Linux prints a file path with its final component removed. This basically
gives you the directory path from the file path.
···
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The dirname command in Linux extracts the directory path from a file path.
Learn some practical examples of using dirname command in bash scripts.
du
Knowing the size of a file is easy in Linux but it won't show the size of directories. The du
command is used for checking the size of directory.
E
echo
The echo command is perhaps one of the first few commands you see when you start learning
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Linux commands or bash shell scripting. It is a simple command that simply prints its arguments
on the display.
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Learn to use the echo command in Linux with these simple but useful
examples. The echo command is useful for displaying information in bash…
emacs
There are many text-based editors in Linux. GNU Emacs is one of the oldest and powerful editor
that has a steep learning curve.
expand
This is a rather less known and less used command with the main use case being the ability to
convert tabs into spaces.
F
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file
The file command gives you various information about a file in Linux. This includes the type of
file, MIME type etc.
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find
One of the frequent used commands. The find command can be used to looks for files based on
their name, type, modification time
and more. Combine it with the likes of exec or xargs
command and you have a powerful tool at your hand for searching and modifying files.
findmnt
Another lesser know command which is used for checking if a file system is mounted.
Both of these commands are used for formatting text so the lines will fit in the available space on
the target device.
free
If you would like to know the detailed information about the memory availability on your Linux
system, the free command is a simple utility that makes it easy to find real time results for a
variety of use cases.
fsck
The fsck (file system check) command helps with a potentially corrupted filesystem. This utility is
used for checking and (optionally) repairing the file system.
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grep
Find command works on file name. The grep command is used to find patterns inside file content.
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groupadd
The groupadd command in Linux creates new groups
groupdel
The groupdel command is perhaps the simplest command in Linux with virtually no options. It is
used for deleting an existing group.
groupmod
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You can modify group properties like group name and group ID with the groupmod command in
Linux.
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Learn how to modify group properties like group name and group ID with the
groupmod command in Linux.
groups
This command helps you find the groups a Linux user belongs to in Linux command line.
H
head
You can use the head command to print a specified number of lines from the beginning of the
file.
history Skip Ad
Everything you type in the terminal is stored in the shell history. This aspect can be displayed
and controlled through the history command.
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Everything you type in the terminal is stored in the shell history. Learn how to
use command history in Linux in this introduction to history command.
I
id
Every user in Linux has a unique, numeric user ID and a default group with a unique numeric
group ID. The id command prints this information.
J
jobs
The jobs command in Linux allows the user to directly interact with processes in the current shell.
L
e
l ss
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Less is an awesome Linux command utility for viewing text files.
ln
The ln command allows you to create both soft and hard links in Linux.
How to Use ln Command in Linux for Creating Soft & Hard Links
Links are one of the essential part of the Linux filesystem. Learn how to
create links using ln command in this tutorial.
lo cate
The locate command allows you to preform a super quick search for files.
ls
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The ls command in Linux is one of the most used commands. It is used for listing the contents of
a directory.
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lso f
You can list opened files by a user or a process by using the lsof command in Linux.
M
mk dir
The mkdir command allows you to make new directories (folders in common term) in Linux.
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mk s f
mk sf is the command line tool in Linux to format a disk or partition in a certain filesystem of your
choice.
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Partition
mkfs is the command line tool in Linux to format a disk or partition in a
certain filesystem of your choice.
mor e
The more command in Linux opens a text file in page views. It's predecessor to the less command
and not used a lot these days.
mv
mv command in Linux is used for moving and renaming files and directories.
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n c (netcat)
The core functionality of Netcat is allowing two computers to connect and share resources. It is a
powerful and versatile network tool that is available for Linux, Mac, and Windows machines.
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no up h
Nohup command in Linux enables you to run commands even after logging out.
Keep Commands Running After SSH Log Out With Nohup Linux
Command
This article will show you how you can start a process and keep it running
even after you have logged out using the nohup command.
nslookup
nslookupis one of the popular networking commands in Linux used for querying the Domain
Name System (DNS) records.
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a
p ssw d
The passwd command in Linux allows you to change user password, lock accounts, expire
passwords and more.
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a e
p st
The paste command merges several input files to produce a new delimited text file from them.
pni g
Ping is mainly used to check if a remote host is reachable or not.
i f
pr nt
You may print simple outputs with echo command but that's not enough for complicated
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formatted outputs. printf allows a C styled formating of the output.
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ps
The ps command in Linux is used for getting information about running processes.
R
read
With read command, you can make your bash script interactive by accepting user inputs.
user inputs. Learn to use the read command in Linux with these practical…
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reboot
Reboot performs the actions of the halt command (explained below), requiring that all
processing stop. Then instead of triggering the ACPI signal, your system is restarted.
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e a e
r n m
rm
rsyn c
Rsync (Remote Sync) is a synchronization tool for copying files and directories in a system or
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between systems. Its most popular use case includes copying files between remote systems.
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S
c
s p
Scp stands for secure copy but I like to think it as 'SSH copy'. Like rsync, scp is also used for
copying files between remote systems.
Here are some practical and essential scp command example to show how to
securely copy files between remote Linux systems.
c een
s r
The screen command in Linux allows you to use multiple virtual terminals that can be saved by
name and reopened using keyboard shortcuts.
s ed
Sed is part of the Unix standard toolbox since the end of the 60s. As any text editor, it will help
you to modify text files.
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e
s q
The seq command, short for sequence, is used for printing a sequence of numbers. The numbers
could be integers or real (with decimal points).
sl eep
Linux sleep command is one of the simplest commands out there. As you can guess from the
name, its only function is to sleep. In other words, it introduces a delay for a specified time.
sour ce Skip Ad
The source command is a handy utility that can be used to refresh environment variables among
some other things.
st ta
You can get file permissions, size, mtime, ctime, atime, ownership and several other file attribute
information using the stat command in Linux.
T
tail
The tail command prints the last ten lines of the input files. The tail command is also used for
reading log files in real time.
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a
t r
Tar is one of the most common tool used for archiving files in Linux.
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Tar is one of the most common tool used for archiving files in Linux. Learn
how to create a tarball and how to extract it in the beginner’s tutorial.
tee
The tee command reads from the standard input and writes to both standard output and files.
The result is that you get to see your command’s output as well as save it to a file at the same
time.
i e
tm
The time command in Linux measures how long a particular command or script runs.
i e
t m out
With the timeout command you can set a time limit on running other commands and programs.
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I
commands and programs. f the program runs longer than the set limit,…
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Linux Handbook • Abhishek Prakash
top
The top command provides a quick look at system resources and processes.
tou ch
Touch command in Linux is used for changing file timestamps however one of the most common
usages of touch command includes creating a new empty file.
tr
The tr command in Linux is used to perform simple but useful translations of one set of
characters into another.
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typ e
The type command tells you whether a Linux command is built-in shell command, where is its
executable located and whether it is aliased to some other command.
The type command tells you whether a Linux command is built-in shell
command, where is its executable located and whether it is aliased to some…
U
i i
ul m t
Ulimit is a built-in shell command designed to display, allocate, and limit resources.
un ma e
You can get Linux kernel version and some other system information with the uname command
in Linux.
Linux kernel version and some other system information with the
You can get
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un qi
The uniq command in Linux and Unix is used for removing duplicate lines from a file.
us re add
The useradd command lets a superuser create a new user account on Linux.
us re del
The userdel lets you delete an existing user.
e
us rmo d
The usermod command in Linux allows you to modify a user account in various ways.
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V
vmi
Vim is one of the most popular text editor in the Linux command line.
Basic Vim Commands Every Linux User Must Know [With PDF Cheat
Sheet]
A comprehensive guide explaining basic vim commands that will be useful to
any Linux user be it a sysadmin or a developer.
W
w t a ch
Watch is a great utility that automatically refreshes data. Some of the more common uses for this
command involve monitoring system processes or logs, but it can be used in combination with
pipes for more versatility.
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w c
The wc command displays statistical information about a file such as the number of lines, words,
characters.
w hich
which command is an extremely useful command for locating executable files located anywhere
in the Linux system.
w oh
The who command in Linux lists all logged-in users on the system.
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This is all for the moment. I'll add more commands as they get featured here.
Abhishek Prakash
Creator of Linux Handbook and It's FOSS. An ardent Linux user who has
new-found love for self-hosting, homelabs and local AI.
@abhishek_foss
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