POST MOCK,

311/1
2024
HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A (25 MARKS)
1. Name the place where the remains of Homohabilis were discovered in Kenya. (1 mark)
-Koobi Fora near L. Turkana
2. State two sub-groups of the highland nilotes. (2 marks)
- Tugen
- Nandi
- Elgeyo
- Marakwet
- Kipsigis
- Pokot
- Sabaot.
(Any 2 × 1 = 2 mark
3. Identify the main economic activity of the Ameru in the Pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
- Cultivators of crops
4. State the main reason for the decline of the Akamba dominance in the L.D.T
(1 mark)
- Competition from Arab and Swahili traders
5. Identify the Centre established for freed slaves by missionaries in Kenya in the 19th
Century. (1 mark)
- Freretown, Mombasa
6. Name one Arab family which ruled the Kenyan coast on behalf of the Oman Arabs.
(1 mark)
- Nabahan
- Busaidi
- Mazrui (Any 1×1 = 1 mark)
7. Give two ways in which education has promoted national unity in Kenya. (2 marks)
- Use of a common curriculum
- Common national exams.
- National schools - admit students from different communities.
- Common medium of communication English / Kiswahili.
- Teaching of subjects e.g. H & Government and religion which emphasize on unity /
brotherhood.
- Schools Music & Drama festivals. (Any 2×1 = 2 marks)
8. State two results of the National Accord and Reconciliation Act of 2008.
(2 marks)
- Creation of a coalition govt/ power sharing between ruling party & the opposition.
- Creation of the positions of Prime Minister and 2 Deputy Prime Minister.
(Any 2×1 = 2 marks)
9. State two roles of Mekatilili wa Menza in the Agiriama resistance.
(2 marks)
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 - Encouraged the Agiriama to resist the British
-Administered oaths.
- Presented Agiriama grievances to the British.
- Highlighted the role of women in the struggle for independence.
(Any 2×1 = 2 marks)
10. Identify two factors that undermined the local government in colonial Kenya.
(2 marks)
-Lacked adequate trained manpower
- Poor means of transport and communication which made coordination difficult.
- Inadequate capital due to inadequate mineral resources.
- Rivalry between locals and settlers. (Any 2×1 = 2 marks)
11. State the main grievance of the Taita Hills Association in the 1930s.
(1 mark)
- Land alienation
(1 mark)
12. State two roles played by K.A.D.U in the struggle for independence.
(2 marks)
- United the smaller communities in Kenya.
- Mobilized Africans against British colonial rule.
- Demanded for the release of Jomo Kenyatta.
- Participated in drawing up the independence Constitution.
(Any 2×1 = 2 marks)
13. Give on limitation to the freedom of expression.
(1 mark)
-Incitement to violence.
- Hate speech.
- Propaganda.
- Defamation / ruining others’ reputation. (Any 1×1 = 2 marks)
14. Identify two types of elections in Kenya.
(2 marks)
- General elections
- By-elections
(Any 2×1 = 2 marks)
15. Give one condition that may lead to the removal of a County Governor from office.
(2 marks)
- Abuse of office.
- Physical & mental incapacitation.
- if found guilty of a national or international crime.
- Gross violation of the Kenyan constitution.
(Any 1 × 1 = 1 mark)
16. State two functions of the senate.
(2 marks)
- Protect county interests in national government.
- Law making
- Determine revenue allocation to the countries.
- Exercise oversight of state officers including the president.
(Any 2 × 1 = 2 marks)
17. Identify one category of government expenditure.
(1 mark)
- Capital / Development
- Recurrent expenditure.
(Any 1 × 1 = 1 mark)
SECTION B

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18. a) Name three early inhabitants of Kenya. (3marks)
 Okiek
 Dorobo/Athi
 Gumba
 Onguye
 Okuro

(b) Describe the social organization of the luo during the pre-colonial period
(12marks)
 The family was the basic social unit headed by father
 Luo were organized into clans with common
 Marriage between members of the same clan was prohibited.
 They believed in the existence of one God (Nyasaye)
 They had sacred places set aside for worship e.g. shrines and trees.
 They worshipped /honored ancestral spirits.
 They worshiped/prayed god through priests
 They initiated their youth to adulthood by extracting six lower teeth.
 They held informal education in the community.
 Division of labour was done according to gender and age.
 They celebrated important occasions such as harvest through dancing ,
Wrestling and eating
(6x2)

19. a). Give three reasons why Colonial government denied the Africans the right to
grow cash crop
in Kenya before 1954 (3marks)
 Africans were expected to provide labour to the settlers.
 European settler did not want to compete with Africans in cash crop growing.
 European settlers claimed that Africans did not have the knowledge of growing cash
crops as this
would lead to low quality products.
 They feared that crops diseases would spread from African farms to Settler plantation
 European settlers claimed that African farmers would produce low quality crops due to
inadequate
resources.

b). Explain Six problems faced by Africans in Urban Centre during the colonial
period in
Kenya (12Marks)
 Inadequate housing facilities to meet the demand of better slums
 Inadequate slums and poor quality social services provided the Africans.
 Serious water shortages due to increased population in urban centers.
 Poor Drainage and sanitation due to increased population in urban centers.
 Pollution of environment due to establishment of industries affecting the health of
inhabitants
 Unemployment of many people leading to social vices and crimes.
 Overcrowding especially in slums leading to outbreak of diseases

20. a) State five methods that were used by the nationalists in Kenya during the
struggle for independence. (5marks)
 Formation of early biotical associations / political parties
 Use of trade Unions
 Use of Military struggle / Force e.g. MauMau warfare.

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  Use of independent Churches and Schools
 Use of constitutional reforms
 Use of international warfare e.g. pan African conferences
 Use of Publications and various forms of literature to voice and popularize their
course

b) Explain the role played by African elected Members of parliament in the struggle
for independence.
(10marks)
 It pressurized for independence
 It made known the African grievances in international forums
 It sought for the release of imprisoned /details nationalists
 It demand for greater political rights for African
 It made Kenyatta popular as a nationalist hero.
 It participated in the formulation of the Independence constitution
 It enlighten African masses on the liberation struggle
 It formed the nationalist political parties like KANU, and KADU which spearheaded the
country independence.

21. a) State three ways in which the government of Kenya facilitated the acquiring of
land to Africans after 1963.
 Settling people in the irrigation schemes
 Encouraging people to form co-operations /land buying companies
 Opening up the former white Highlands for willing buyers.
 Consolidation / adjudication of land to enable farmer maximize their production.
 Issuing of title deeds to make ownership legal.

(b) Explain six ways in which the government has promoted the culture of the
people of Kenya since independence.
(12mrks)
 Establishment of ministry of sports, culture and tourism.
 Encouraging people to take part in traditional dances/ musical festival.
 Establishing cultural centers e.g. .Bomas of Kenya, Museum.
 Licensing vernacular radio/ television stations which enhance culture / media houses
 Encouraging the production / marketing of traditional handcrafts / works.
 Allowing various ethnic communities perform public gatherings.
 Inclusion of music as subject in the national curriculum.

22 a). Identify three groups of people whose freedom of movement is limited by the
constitution
(3marks)
 Convicted criminals
 Suspected criminals
 Person of unsound Mind
 A drug Addict
 A Vagrant
 A young under 18 yrs. to secure education
 A person with infectious disease.

b) Explain six rights of arrested Person

(12marks)
 Right to be informed immediately why he/she has been arrested in a language they
clearly
understand.

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  Be informed of his / her right to remain silent
 Get in touch with lawyer or any other person to get assistance
 Not to be forced to confess to anything.
 Be held separately from convicted prisoners
 Be taken to court within 24hrs of the next available court day
 Be charged in court or given reason for continued detention.
 Be released on bond or bail, unless there’s reason not to.
 Not be remanded of the offence is punishable by a fine only or y imprisonment for not
more than six months.

23. a). State five categories of members of senate

(5marks)
 47 elected senators in charge of the country.
 16 women nominated by political parties
 2members, man and a woman representing the youth
 2 Members man and a woman representing the disabled
 Speaker (Ex-Official) in total 68 members

(b) Explain five functions of national assembly (10marks)

 Representing the people of constituency and their special interests.
 Deliberates/ Researches on issues that concern the people
 Make national legislation
 Approve Nominees for various public offices
 Determines the allocation of National revenue between the two levels of government
 Approve government expenditure / expenditure of state organ
 Oversee national revenue and expenditure / Budget.
 Exercise oversight, over state organs
 Approve declaration of war / state of emergency.
 Review the conduct of the president, deputy president and other state officers and initiate
the
process of removing them from office.

24. a). Identify three categories of funds as illustrated in Kenya’s constitution since
(3marks)
 Equalization fund
 Consolidation Fund
 Contingencies Fund
 Revenue Fund

b). Describe the process of Budget making in Kenya

(12marks)
 Each government ministry prepares its testimonies
 The department / ministries estimates are forwarded to the Ministry of Finance.
 The Ministry of Finance compiles the estimates into a single document/ or proposed
budget
 The proposed budget is discussed by the cabinet.
 The government determines the budget day
 The cabinet secretary of finance presents / reads the budget before the parliament.
 The parliamentary committee charged with budget scrutinizes it the public is also allowed
to give views.
 If the budget is debated y the parliament for approval
 One approved various Ministries draws their budget from consolidated fund

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