SEERAH

WEEK 1

The importance of Seerah: Biography of the Prophet.

It is important because it is one of the questions asked in the grave, the

standard by which deeds will be measured.

LECTURE 1 Importance of the Seerah

1. Standard by which deeds will be measured: whatever in accordance with

his guidance and practice and with the accordance of Islamic teachings.
2. Gives vivid good image of good example to follow and most sublime
example of humanity.
3. Helps understand the Book of Allah (SWT) and act upon it, his character
was the Quran and his entire life was based following and acting on it.
4. Increases the love for the Prophet (SAW) by learning the great aspects of
his life and character.
5. The characteristics (Shama’il) and biography (Seerah) highlight the best
path to be followed by a Muslim who is seeking goodness and an
honorable life in this world and hereafter.
6. Enables us to find out about the great generation, the generation of the
Sahabah and their striving alongside the Messenger of Allah and their
service to his message.
7. Understand all aspects of religion, starting with creed (aqeedah), worship
and fiqh because his life was an application of religious teachings in their
entirerty.
A) Warnings About Some Books: danger and errors and fabrications and
distortions of history
1. Books of Literature and Collections of Poerty : Al-Aghani by Abu’l Faraj al-
Asbahani
2. Al-Aqd Al-Fareed by Ibn Abd Rabbihi al- Andalusi

LECTURE 2 His lineage

A). Full name Muhammed ibn Abdillah ibn Abd al-Muttalib inb Hashim ibn Abd
Manaf ibn Qusay ibn Kilab ibn Murrah ib Ka’b ibn Lu’ay ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr ibn Malik
ibn an-Nadr ibn Kinanah ibn Khuzaymah ibn Mudriakh ibn Ilyas ibn Mudar ibn Nizar
ibn Ma’add ibn Adnan> descendent from Ismail ibn Ibrahim (Pure lineage)

B) His father-Abdullah- to be sacrifed and slattered, ibn Abd al-Muttalib, man

of Qurash
C). His mother- Aminah bint Wahbi, father was most prominent of Banu
Zuhrah in honor and status
 C). His grandfather-Abd al-Muttalib in Hashim-leader of Qurash, famous for
digging well of Zamzam.
D) He was born Monday 12th Rabee al-Awwal( Year of the Elephant)- light that
came out during birth illuminated the castes of Busra in Syria.
E). His father died before he was born, he was under care of grandfather Abd
al-Muttalib

B). His Wetnurses

1). Thuwaybah slave woman of Abu Lab- first woman to breast feed him

2). Halima as Sa’diyah –she breast fed him to and stayed with her and her
husband for 4 years. Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Abu Salama were breast fed
by the same 2 woman.

3). The prophet grew up as an orpan: father died before birth-when mother
was 2-7 months pregnant, mother died when he was 4/6 years old, he was then with
his grandfather Abd al-Muttalib until he was 8 years, after that his paternal uncle
Abu Talib became his guardian.

C). Opening of his chest

1). In desert of Banu Sa’d when he was with his wetnurse Halimah, he was 4
years old

2). The night of Isra(Night Journey) narrated by al-Bukhari and Muslim.

When the Prophet (SAW) was a child Jibreel came to him when he was playing
with the other children and laid him down and open his chest and took out his heart
and removed a clot of blood from it and said, “This is Shaytan’s share of you,
washed it was Zamzam water and closed up the heart and put it back in place.

WEEK 2

LECTURE 3 His (PBUH) return to his mother

A)His return to his mother: Halimah returned him to his mother when he was
4 years old from when Jibreel came and opened his chest. He stated with his mother
from 4-6 years. Aminah set out to visit the maternal uncles of the Prophet(PBUH)
from Banu Adiy ibn an-Najjar. She traveled to Madina- whoever went to Madina
would encounter, fever and illness- cause hardship or becomes fatal

B) Mother’s death: after months stay she felt sick, they were traveling back
to Makkah, She got sick at the beginning and her health deteriated and in Al-Abwa
between Makkah and Mediana where she died.
 C) With his compassionate grandfather- Abd al-Muttalib brought him back to
Makkah. He was very compassionate towards him and loved him more than his own
children, so he kept him close and even preferred hi over his own sons.

D) The Prophet’s (PBUH) grandfather died in Makkah when he was 8 years

old. Before he died his grandfather instructed Abu Talib, the paternal uncle to take
care of his grandson. The Prophet remained with him for a long time and supported
him, protected him and cared for him. The Prophet had to work as a shepherd and
worked in trade.

E) The meeting with Baheera the monk: when Messenger of Allah(PBUH) was
12 years, Abu Talib took him on trade journey to Syria. When they went to Busra,
there was a monk named Baheera. When the caravan stopped, he came out to
them and he had never come out to them before that, he started walking among
them and passed them one by one, until he came and took the hand of the Prophet.
He said, This is the leader of the worlds, this is the Messenger of the Lord of the
Worlds. Allah will send this one as mercy to the worlds. (This is unauthentic

F) Seal of the Prophethood: something between his shoulder blades and

between his back, it was like an egg of the dove or small apple. Baheera told the
Prophet’s uncle to not go all the way to Syria, because if the Jews would know of
him they would kill him, and to send him back to Makkah.

G) The Prophet(PBUH) said he witnessed and alliance of the virtuous(hlf al

fudul) was formed in Dhu’l Qadah- one of the scared months, when the clans of
Quraysh- Banu Hashim, Banu’l Muttalib, Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza, Zuhrah ibn Kilab and
Taym ibn Murrah- met at Abdullah ibn Jad’an at Taymi house, they pledge that they
would not find anyone who had been wronged among the people of Makkah or
anyone else, but they would stand with him and would oppose the one who had
wronged him until he restored his rights. The Prophet(PBUH) was there when the
alliance was formed, reported by al- Bayhqi and classed as sahih by Al-Albani “I was
present in the house of Abdullah ibn Jad’an when an alliance was formed, instead of
which I would not like to have red camels, and if I were to be invited to such an
alliance in the time of Isalm I would resond.

H) Allah protected him(PBUH) from childhood and until his mission began:
The Prophet(PBU) was raised with the noblest and most sublime of characteristics.
Allah protected him from anything that was contrary to noble character. He didn’t
drink alcohol or ate anything that had been slaughtered on the idols. He never
attended any idolatrous festival or celebration

I) When the Kaaba was rebult, the Prophet(PBUH) ad Al-Abbas went to move
the stones. Al-Abbas said to the Prophet(PBUH) Put your izar(lower garment or waist
wrapper) no your shoulders; it will protect you from the stones. He fell to the ground
and his eyes rolled up, then when he came around, he said “My izar, my izar, then
he put his izar on and tied it firmly. He fell unconscious. And he was never seen in a
state of undress after that.

LECTURE 4 His Marriage to Khadijah

A) He was 25 years when he went to Syria as a trader with Khadijah’s slave

Maysarah. Muhammed (PBUH) was a truthful, honest, noble character. Her
friend Nafeesah bint Munabbih went and suggested to the Prophet(PBUH)
to marry Khadija. She was best women in terms of lineage, wealth, and
wisdom. She was 40 and he was 25 years old.
B) Khadija- first wife, didn’t marry until after her death, had all his children
except Ibrahim- born Mariyah al-Qibtiyah given to him by Muqawqis of
Egypt.
C) His wives-Sawdah bint Zam’ah, Aisha bint Abi Bakr as-Siddeeq, Hafsah
bint Umar, Zaynab bint Khuzaymah, Umm Salamah Hind bint Abi
Umayyah al-Makhzumiyah, Umma Habibah Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan,
Juwayriyah bin al-Harith her name was Barrah, Maymunah bint al-Harith
al-Hilaliyah, Safiyah bin Huyay ibn Akhtab, Zaynab bint Jahsh
D) His children all died during the lifetime of the Prophet(PBU) except Fatima,
who died after him.
1) Al-Qasim- took his kunyah( Abu’l Qasim) –born after prohethood, died
at 2.
2) Abdullah- called at-Tayyib(good) or at-Tahir(pure)-born after
prophethood.
3) Ibrahim-born in Madinah 8AH. Last of the children
4) Zaynab-oldest daughter
5) Ruqayah
6) Umm Kulthum
7) Fatima
WEEK 3

Lecture 5 Makkan Period

A) Life of the Prophet(PBUH) after Allah honored him with prophethood and the
message, is divided into 2 periods. The Makkan 13 years and Madinan 10
years died in Madinan..
1) The Makkan period
A) Ways Allah protected the Prophet (PBUH)
1) As a child- most honorable lineage and noblest of people, caused
him to be born from legitimate marriage.
2) Grandfather Abd al-Muttalib- leader of Quraysh-his guardian when
he was a child until age 8, when his grandfather died. Then Abu Talib- his
uncle also leader of Quraysh, which gave him protection and strength.
3) Allah protected him as a young man from falling into misconduct
and shameful deeds. He was famous for being truthful and honest.
 4) Allah made his heart pure, never worshipped any god but Allah. He
swore only to Allah, hated other gods of his people.
5) Allah prepared him and protected him from the evil suggestions and
promptings of Shaytan, and kept his heart sound.

B) Beginning of his mission in the Cave of Hira

a) Age 40- seclusion was made dear to him, take a saweeq(a gruel
made with barley flours) and water and go to the cave.2 miles from Makkah. Stayed
for the month of Ramadan, worshipping and reflecting on what he saw around him
of the signs of the universe and beyond it. He was not at ease with his people’s
beliefs. Allah was preparing for the momentous matter, carry a great responsibility.
3 years before he was Messenger.

C) Jibreel and the revelation

a) at 40 years old Allah sent him to the worlds as a bringer of glad

tidings and a warner. Jibreel came with the revelation in the Cave of Hira, Saying
“Read(recite)”Prophet says, “ I am not a reader.” He embraced me and squeezed
me until I could no longer bear it, then he released me and said: “Read!, I said, “I
am not a reader. Third time, he said to me, “Recite in the name of your Lord who
created man from a cling substance. Recite and your Lord is most Generous. Who
taught by the pen. Taught man that which he knew not.”

D)Jibreel stays away with the revelation for a while(some say a month)

a) He was slow with coming down with it. Prophet(PBHU) became sad
he would go to the top to throw himself down and Jibreel would appear and say to
him “O, Muhammad, indeed you are the Messenger of Allah.” (not authentic Hadith
was rejected)

E) Jibreel brings down revelation again.

a) Cessation of revelation-let fear that Prophet felt disperse, long for

revelation to return. Jibreel was sitting on a chair between heaven and earth, I was
so alarmed I fell to the ground. He went to Khajidah, and told her to cover him and
put cold water on him. Then a revelation came, O you who cover himself with a
garment. Arise and warn. And your Lord glorify. And your clothing purify. And
uncleanliness void. This was before prayers enjoined. Then after that revelations
came regularly.

F) Benefits

1) He (PBHU) was instructed to convey and warn, in the words Arise and
warn.-Prophet (PBUH)
 2) He (PBHU) was instructed to comply with the commands of Allah himself;
that is seen in the rest of the verses, such as And your Lord glorify and And your
clothing purify. –Messenger of Allah

LECTURE 6 Types of Revelations (wahy)

A) Divided into 6 categories:

1) True Dreams (visions) 6months before being revealed to in Cave of
Hirah, 46 of Prophethood. beginning of revelation for him
2) The angel would appear to the Prophet (PBUH) in the form of a man
and speak to him so that he would understand what he said to him.
The Sahabah saw him too sometimes. Come as companion Dehil
Kamil-angel Jibreel
3) What the angel would cast into his heart without him seeing him, as
the Prophet (PBHU).Inspire the Prophet (PBUH)
4) It used to come to him like the ringing of bell (iron stuck) and this
was hardest for him, his forehead would drip with sweat on a very
cold day and his mount would sink to the ground if he was riding it.
5) He would see the angel in the original form he was created and he
would convey to him what Allah wanted to reveal to him. This
happened 2 times as Allah has mentioned in Surah An-Najm. (600
wings)
6) What Allah revealed to him when he was above the heavens on the
night of the Miraj, enjoining the prayers and other things.
B) Stages of the Call (da’wah)
1) Calling people to Allah in secret- They used to be Idol worshipers,
and followed their fathers doing it, had no manners except pride
and haughtiness, no way to solve problems but by the sword. They
were in a position of religious leadership, lived in main religious
center of the land, custodians of the city and the religion. (3 years
in secret)
2) Calling people openly
3) Calling people to Islam beyond Makkah
C) First Muslims- 130 men and woman
1) Khadijah bint Khuwaylid- his wife and Mother of the Believers
2) Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq- dear friend
3) Zayd ibn Harithah- his freed slave
4) Ali ibn Abi Talib- his cousin
D) Prescription of Prayer
1) First ruling to be revealed, the command to pray-act of worship that was
enjoined up the believers and it is not known that they had any other acts
of worship or commands and prohibitions except those that had to do with
prayer. Revelation was explain Tawhid and to purify their souls and urge
 them to adopt noble characteristics. ( used to only pray 2 rakats/ not 5
prayers)
The call was limited to a few individuals for a while, He preached secretly but
the people of Makkah began to hear about Isalm and talk about it.

WEEK 4

Lecture 7 The Second Stage: calling people openly

A) This began with the revelation of, “And warn, (O’Muhammad), your closest
kindred.
B) On Mount Safa- climbed it and called out “Be on your guard”, called the
Quraysh, calling each O Banu Fihr, O Banu Adiy O Banu So- and so, O Banu
Abd Manaf, O Banu Abd al-Muttalib- asked who was calling out they said
Muhammed- all rushed to him, He said to them ”What do you think, if I tell
you that there is a cavalry in the valley at the bottom of the mountain coming
to raid you- would you believe me? They said yes, you are honest and He
said to them” I am a warner to you ahead of a severe punishment. The
likeness of me and you is that of a man who sees the enemy, so he leaves his
family meaning that he goes to a high place to watch out for an enemy lest
they attack his family) then he fears that they will reach them before he can
come to warn them, so he begins to cry out:”Be on your guard!” He called
them to the truth and warned them about the punishment of Allah. No
reaction except Abu Lahab reacted badly towards the Prophet (PBUH), Then
verse: May the hands of Abu Lahab perish, and may he perish. Verse: Then
declare what you are commanded and turn away from the polytheist.(al-Hirj)

Lecture 8 Attitude of the polytheists towards the Prophet(PBUH)

- Persecution intensified- Prophet (PBUH) was praying at the House and Abu
Jahl and friends said which one of you will bring placenta of the she-camel
and put it on Muhammad’s back when he prostrates. Placed it between his
shoulder and his back. They laughed, Fatima came and removed it, He
said O’Allah punish Quraysh 3 times.
A) 2 wide steps
1) He chose Dar al-Arqam, the house of Al-Arqam ibn Abi’l Arqam al-
Makhzumi, as a center for the call where the Muslims could gather
in secret, so that he could recite the verses of Allah to them and the
Muslims could do their acts of worship and other activities.
2) The first and second migrations of the Muslims of Ethiopia.
B) 1st Migration –persecution of Muslims in Makkah grew severe- Some left and
some stayed in Ethiopia, where Negus honored them and granted safety. 1 st
to migrate- Uthman ibn Affan, his wife, Ruqayah(Prophet’s (PBUH) daughter,
and followed by senior Sahabah. Began 5 years after Messenger’s mission. 11
men and 4 women
 C) 2nd Migration- 82 men and 12 women, and their children. Uthman ibn Affan
and wife returned and found the Quraysh had not become Muslim and
Muslim’s there were suffering. They migrated again with large number.
Quryash sent Amr ibn al-As and Abudllah ibn Abi Rabeeha with gifts for Negus
so they would return Muslims back but Negus refused and they had become
Muslim.
D) Hamza and Umar ibn al-Khattab –became Muslim

TEST 2 WEEK 5

Lecture 9 An Unjust Covenant and The Ravine of Abu Talib

A) Polytheists became concerned, the met and made covenant boycott to Banu
Hashim and Banu’l –Muttalib, pledging they would not intermarry with them,
 trade, sit, mix, enter their houses, or speak to them until they handed over
the Prophet (SAW)
B) Cancellation of the Boycott- 3 years, Muharran of the 10 year of Prophethood,
boycott was cancelled and siege was lifted. Qurash were divided- some for it,
some not
C) The Year of Sorrow
1) Death of Abu Talib-paternal uncle of Prophet (SAW)-sick and died –
occurred in Rajab of 10th year of Prophethood died in Ramadan 3 days
before Khadijah, 6 months later they came out of ravine.
2) Death of Khadijah-2 months or 3 days after death of Abu Talib. Prophet
(SAW) was 50 years old.

Lecture 10 Third stage: Calling people to Islam beyond Makkah

A) Journey of Taif- Shawwal of 10 year of Prophethood- 60 miles from Makkah

and accompanied by Zayd ibn Harithah-adapted son/freed slave. He began
addressing leaders about Islam and they rejected him and told him to get out
of our city, they sent fools and slaves to insult, shout, and throw stones at
him. His feet were injured and flowed with blood; Prophet (SAW) was
exhausted and fainted. Jibreel was standing before him when he woke up. He
told Prophet if he wished angels of the Mountains would bring the 2
mountains of Makkah together and crush them, but he said pardon them.
(Prophet(SAW) said this was worse than Battle of Uhud)
B) Presenting Islam to the tribes and individuals-Dhu’l-Qadah same year
returned to Makkah and presented Islam to the tribes and individuals. People
were coming for Hajj. Prophet (SAW) had asked to grant him refuge, support,
and protection so he could continue the message.
C) 6 men from Madinah(Yathrib)-Jews of Madinah-said a Prophet would come
and they would follow and kill them, just like they had done before. He sat
with the allies of the Jews and the message and they said the Prophet (SAW)
was indeed the Prophet the Jews threatened you with. They became Muslim
and spread the message to all the houses of the Ansar.
D) The Prophet’s (SAW) marriage to Aisha- Shawwal 11 th year of Prophethood,
married Aisha as-Siddeeqah and consummated in Madinah in Sahwwal of the
1st year of Hijrah.
E) The Isra and Miraj(Prophet’s (SAW) night journey and ascent to heaven- Ibn
al-Qayyim said the Messenger(SAW) was taken by night physically from al-
Masjid a-Haram to Bayt al-Maqdis, riding on al-Buraq, accompanied by
Jibreel. The led Prophets in prayer, was taken up the same night from Bayt
al—Maqdis to heaven, then to the Almighty. Allah revealed to the Prophet
(SAW) the 50 prayers, he asked him to reduce the number of prayers, after
Musa (PBUH) advised him to until they became 5.

WEEK 6
Lecture 11 The first pledge of al-Aqabah

A) 1st pledge- 6 men from Yathrib pulse 7 men total of 12 men, during Haji 12 th
year of prophethood. 6th man was Jabir ibn Abdillah-Prophet (SAW) said,
Come, swear allegiance to me, undertaking not to associate anything with
Allah, not to steal, not to commit fornication, not to kill your children, not to
commit sins, not to disobey me in anything that is right and proper. Whoever
among you fulfills that pledge, his reward will be incumbent upon Allah.
Whoever commits any of those sins and is punished for it in this world, it will
be an expiation for him, whoever commits any of those sins and Allah
conceals it, then it is for Allah to decide; if He will punish him or if He wills He
will pardon him.
B) The 1st envoy- Musab inb Umayr(known as al-Muqri-reciter of Quran)
was sent by the Prophet (SAW) to the first envoy to spread Islam to the
polytheists. He was very rich. He stayed with As’ad ibn Zurarah and
preaches Islam to people of Yathrib. They spread it until there was not one of
the houses of Ansar in which there were no Muslim men or women.
C) 2nd pledge-13th year of prophethood, during Haji -72 Muslims, The Prophet
was living in fear and they all had agreed to meet in middle of the day of the
days of tashreeq in the ravine at al-Aqabah, where first Jamrah is in Mina.
Planned to meet in secrecy in the dead night.
a) Terms of pledge- That you will hear and obey both when you have energy
and when you feel lethargic, but you will spend( in Allah’s cause) at times
of hardship and times of ease, that you will enjoin what is right and forbid
what is wrong; that you will call people to Allah, not fearing the blame of
any critics; and that you will support me when I come to you and protect
me from that which you protect yourselves, your wives, and your children-
in return, Paradise will be yours.
b) In Dar an-Nadwah-The polytheist became upset that this was a threat to
idolatrous ways and their economy, Iblees came in the form of respectable
elder from Najd.
D) Conspiracy to kill the Prophet(SAW)
a) Plan of Abu Jahl- in meeting of Dar an-Nadwah they agreed to kill the
Prophet (SAW) – get a man from each clan and they would strike him with
a sword killing him, and of course elder man from Najd agreed.

Lecture 12 Prophet’s Hijrah in the 14th year of Prophethood

A) Prophet’s (SAW) Hijrah in the 14th year of Prophethood- Went with Abu
Bakr- drew up plan and waited until nightfall. This was the time for Abu
Jahl’s plan to kill the Prophet (SAW). That night Ali was instructed to lie
down in Prophet’s bed and cover himself with green Hadrami cloak and
told him no harm would come to him.
B) Messenger(SAW) leaves his house- He slipped through their ranks, he
picked up a handful of dust from al-Bat-ha and dropped it on their heads
 and Allah took away their sight. He went to Abu Bakr house and left
through it at night and went to cave of Thawr. They went towards Yemen.
Hid in cave of Thawr for 3 nights Abullah ibn Abi Bakr stayed with them.
Qurash went crazy when they could capture the Prophet(SAW) they beat
Ali and detained him in the Kaaba. They offered rewards for whoever
could capture the Prophet and Abu Bakr alive or dead.
C) On the road to Madinah-Prophet(SAW), Abu Bakr, Aamir ibn Fuhayrah set
out with them took them a guide Abdullah ibn Urayqit.
D) Entry to Madinah- The Muslims heard the Prophet(SAW) had left Mekkah
and they were out every morning to Harrah(entrance of Madinah) to
watch for him. A Jewish man saw and let the Muslims know he was coming
and the Muslims shouted takbeer. They surrounded him, he was calm and
tranquil and Revelation was coming down to him. Yathrib became known
as al-Madinah. All the Ansar wanted the Prophet to stay with him. The
she-camel kept walking until it reached the future site of the mosque,
where she knelt down. The Prophet(SAW) stayed with his maternal uncle
Banu’n-Najjar and Abu Ayub al-Ansari.

WEEK 7

Lecture 13 Madinan Period

A) Building the Prophet’s Mosque- 1st thing he did build al-Masjid an-Nabawi-
where she camel knelt down. Purchased land from 2 orphans and participated
in the construction of the mosque.
B) Establishing the bond of brotherhood among the Muslims-most brilliant acts
in history. Brotherhood between Ansar and Muhajireen-support and help one
another, they would inherit from one another if one of them died.
C) The covenant of Islamic unity-established among the believers, he managed
to eliminate any lingering grudges from the time of Jahiliyyah.
D) Permission to fight-Quraysh didn’t pose a threat continued to threaten them.
Their message to the people of Madinah was provide refuge to our man, they
swore to Allah if they should fight them and drive them out that they would
come killing men and capture the women. For the Muhajireen- Don’t be
deceived by the fact you escaped Yathrib, we will eradicate you and eliminate
you in your land.

Lecture 14 Expeditions and campaigns before Badr

A) Expeditions and campaigns

1) Expedition of Sayfal-Bahr, 1AH led by Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib
2) Expedition of Rabig, 1AH led by Ubaydah ibn al-Harith ibn Abd al-Muttalib
3) Expedition of al-Kharrar 1AH by Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas
4) Campaign of al-Abwa or Waddan 2AH led by Prophet (SAW). His
[Link] was carried by Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib
 5) Campaign of Buwat 2AH by Prophet(SAW)
6) Campaign of Safwan 2AH by Prophet(SAW)
7) Campaign of Dhu’l-Asheerah 2AH by Prophet (SAW)
8) Expedition of Nakhlah 2AH 12 men of Muhajireen led by Abdullah ibn
Jahsh. They killed Amr ibn al-Hadrami, 1 st enemy killed by Islam and
captured Uthman ibn Abduillah ibn al-Mugheerah and al-Hakam ibn
Keesan ( freed slave of Banu’l-Mugheerah) first prisoners captured in
Islam.
B) Aims of Expedition
1) Explore and find out about the roads surrounding Madinah and routes that
led to Makkah
2) Form treaties with the tribes who lived near those roads
3) Make the polytheists and Jews of Yathrib and the Bedouin in the desert
see the strength of Muslims
4) Make Quraysh aware of the danger posed to their trade and intersts.
During this period fighting was made obligatory the expedition led by
Abdullah ibn Jahsh, Allah enjoined fighting and revealed concerning the
verse. (Fight in the way of Allah those who fight you but do not transgress.
Indeed Allah does not like transgressors)Al’Baqarah

WEEK 8

Lecture 15 The Battle of Badr

A) 17th Ramadan 2 AH
B) Cause- heard caravan of Quraysh was on its way back from Syria to Makkah,
led by Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, with 40 men. Prophet(SAW) wanted to attack to
capture it in response to what the polytheists had done to the Muslims when
they migrated to Madinah.
C) Number of Muslims was 313 and 2 horses and 70 camels. Abdullah ibn Umm
Maktum was in charge of Madinah. When Abu Sufyan found out about the
Prophet’s(SAW) plans he sent Damdam ibn AMr al-Ghifari for reinforcement to
Makkah. They prepared 950 men and 100 horses and 700 camels. News
reached the Prophet(SAW) that Abu Sufyan changed their route and will
reach Makkah the following day or day after. Allah revealed, “Remember, O
believers when Allah promised you one of the two groups that it would be
yours-and you wished that the unarmed one would be yours. But Allah
intended to establish the truth by His words and to eliminate the disbelievers.
D) Messenger (SAW) was in a hut and called upon Allah and his rida fell from his
shoulders and said indeed Allah will fulfill what He promised you. Muslims got
the well and drank from it. 3 of the strongest of Quraysh – Utbah ibn Rabeeh,
his brother Shaybah, and his son al-Walid and demanded Prophet sent
Ubaydah ibn al-Harith, Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib, and Ali ibn Abi Talib.
 E) Hamza fough Shaybah and killed him, Ali fought al-Walid and killed him and
Ubaydah fought Utbah and they both were wounded. Hamza and Ali attacked
Utbah and killed him. The Muslims won.70 poly killed and 70 captive. Muslim
martyrs 14. Threw poly bodies in dry well, captives Prophet(SAW) accepted
4000 dirhams as ransom for prisoner following Abu Bakr advice. Those who
couldn’t afford taught Muslim childeren to read and write.

Lecture 16 Battle of Uhud

A) 3 AH
B) Cause- Quraysh felt bitterness of defeat in their battle with the Muslims at
Badr, and they wanted to take revenge for that defeat. They prepared to
meet the Muslims in battle again, for a victory to wipe away the dust of
defeat.
C) Events
1) Safwan ibn Umayyah, Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl, and Abdullah ibn Rabeeh went
to Abu Sufyan asking him for the wealth of the caravan that had escaped
in order to prepare the army. $50,000 dinars. Abu Sufyan agreed to fight
the Muslims wanted to mobilize men to fight.
2) 3000 Quraysh fighters
3) Set out and got to Dhu’l Hulayfah, near Uhud
4) The Prophet (SAW) followed suggestion of younger men to go out and
meet the polytheists.
5) Muslims 1000 men out of Madinah, but hypocrite Abdullah ibn Ubay in
Salul withdrew with 1/3 of the army saying we do not know why we should
kill ourselves.
6) Muslim camped Mount Uhud-Prophet(SAW) drew detailed battle plan. 50
men on hill and ordered them not to move, regardless of whether they
saw Muslims win or not.
7) Hamza Ibn Abd Al-Muttalib fought heroically, but Jubayr inb Mut’im
promised his slave Wahshi if he killed Hamza he would be freed, so Hamza
was killed.
8) The men on the hill, broke the instructions of the Prophet (SAW) and left
the hill and some remained, the rest went to collect the booty.
9) Khalid ibn al-Walid noticed the archers come from the hill and set out the
polytheists and they did a surprise attack on the Muslims from the rear.
Muslims panicked and fleed, and polytheists raised their flag.
10) The Prophet called his Companions and 30 of them rallied around the
Messenger (SAW) . He rallied and organized them and wanted to pursue
the polytheists but they got further away and he left them and returned to
Madinah.

TEST 3

WEEK 9
Lecture 17 Battle of Al-Khandaq (The Trench) or Al-Ahzab (Confederates)

A) 5 AH, Month-Shawwal
B) Jews of Banu’n-Nadeer decided to take revenge on the Prophet (SAW) and his
Companions who had expelled them from their land in Madinah. They focused
their efforts on building strong front to stand up to the Prophet (SAW) and his
Companions.
C) Banu’n-Nadeer and the Quraysh came with a deal to fight the Muslims.
Banu’n-Nadeer went to Banu Ghatafan and told them to join them as well and
offered them a year’s date crop of Khaybar if they succeeded.
D) 10,000 fithers led by Abu Sufyan
E) Salman al-Farisi suggested to Prophet(SAW) to dig a trentch(khandaq) on the
outskirts of Madinah, liked it and acted upon it.
F) Prophet (SAW) found a big rock and it formed an obstacle for Al-Farisi- He
said Bismillah, and the rock cracked and light came out, then Allahu akbar,
the palaces of Syria, by the Lord of the Kaaba, and Allahu akbar, the palaces
of Persia, by the Lord of the Kaaba.
G) Polytheists had no way in, but Huyay ibn Akhtab managed to sneak in to
meet Banu Qurayzah and convinced them to break the treaty with the
Muslims.
H) Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl and a number of polytheists got in but Ali(RA) was waiting
for them, somewhere killed and others got away like Ikrimah.
I) Allah’s help came to the believers and this caused the bonds to break
between the polytheist army and trust broke between them. Allah sent a
strong wind and caused their stuff to be blown away. Fear struck their hearts
and they fled to Makkah.
J) This battle was a battle of nerves and a test of wills.

Lecture 18 The Treaty of al-Hudaybiyyah

A) Dhul’l-Qadah 6 AH
a) Convent and agreement that was drawn up between the Muslims and
Quraysh near a place called al-Hudaybiyyah, close to Makkah.
b) Prophet (SAW) in a dream saw himself and the Companions in a dream
entering al-Masjid al-Haram and circumambulating the Kaaba.
c) The Prophet (SAW) and his wife Umm Salamah(RA) and 1400 Muslims
went on their 1st umrah since Hijrah carried weapons with them expecting
trouble from Quraysh.
d) Prophet (SAW) sent Busr ibn Sufyan to Makkah to bring him news of
Quraysh and their reaction, they were prepearing to bar their way and
prevent the Muslims from entering Makkah.
e) Prophet (SAW) consulted his Companions and Abu Bakr(RA) suggested the
should head towards Makkah to do umrah and circumambulate the Kaaba
and whoever bars the way we will fight him. They stopped in al-
Hudaybiyyah and sent Uthman(RA) to negotiate with the Quraysh.
 f) Bay’at ar-Ridwan- Quraysh detained Uthman(RA) and his return to the
Muslims was delayed. Prophet(SAW) was worried about him. Prophet
(SAW) call the Muslims to swear allegiance to him(bay’ah) and they
hastened to him and swore allegiance to him beneath the tree, pledging
not to flee.
g) Quraysh sent Urwah ibn Mas’ud to negotiate with the Prophet(SAW) then
sent Suhayl ibn Amr to draw up the peace treaty.
h) The Peace Treaty(sulh) had terms:
1) There would be a truce between the 2 sides for a period of 10 years.
2) The Muslims would go back to Madinah that year, and would not do
umrah, until following year.
3) Prophet(SAW) would send back anyone from Quraysh who came to him as
a Muslim without his family’s knowledge, but the Quraysh would not send
back anyone who came to them as an apostate(from Islam).
4) Anyone who wanted to enter into the deal on the side of the Quraysh
could do so, and anyone who wanted to enter into the deal on the side of
Muhammad(SAW) who was not Quraysh could do so.
i) Umar and other Muslims felt the agreement was unfair, but the
Prophet(SAW) told him this was a command from Allah, they had no
choice but to submit. They spent 20 days in aal-Hudaybiyyah,

WEEK 10

Lecture 19

B) The Campaign of Khaybar

a)7 AH
b) Prophet(SAW) hardly rested for a month and issued orders to go out to
Khaybar. The Jews of Khaybar were hostile towards the Muslims, and had
striven hard to bring together the Confederates (al-ahzab) at the battle of al-
Khandaq to fight the Muslims.
c) Prophet (SAW) leading army of 1600 men. Khaybar was heavily fortified
with 8 separate fortresses. Jews of Khaybar were among the strongest and
most numerous Jewish groups, and heavily armed.
d) The Jews lost hope and asked for a peace deal and Muslims gain control of
Khaybar.

C) Umrat al-Qada(The compensatory umrah)

a) took place in Dhu’l-Qadah 7AH, 2000 men in addition to women and

children

b) Umrat- al-qisaas( lit umrah of retaliation)

D) The campaign of Mu’tah

a) Jumada al-Oula 8AH

 b) took army and took revenge on those who killed al-Harith ibn Umayr-was
sent to Busra to call the ruler to Islam.

c) He appointed in charge of the army Zayd ibn Harithah, and said if he is

killed then Ja’far ibn Abi Talib, then Abdullah ibn Rwaahah

d) 3000 of Muhajreen and Ansar set out and were instructed not to kill
women, children, old, or not cut trees down or not to destroy buildings. They
reached Ma’an in Greater Syria.

e) Heraclius had 200,000 fighters to fight the Muslims.

f) The Muslims fought a heroic fight and Zayd was killed then Ja’far’s ( Dhu’l-
Janahayn(He of the 2 wings flies in Paradise) hands were cut off then he was killed.
Abdullah was killed too.

g) Khalid ibn al-Walid-took up standard and using his military acumen, saved
army from defeat and Romans grew afraid and were lured into the desert. Great
victory by grace of Allah.

Lecture 20 Conquest of Makkah

A) Ramadan 8AH Friday 20th.

B) The tribe of Banu Bakr joined alliance with Quraysh and the tribe of Khuza’ah
joined alliance with the Muslims.
C) Feud between Banu Bakr and Khuza’ah that begun the Jahiliyyah and one day
the Khuza’ah was attacked by Banu Bakr and killed 20 of their men. This was
within the Haram zone.
D) Amr ibn Salim al- Khuza’ai came to the Prophet(SAW) and told him what the
Banu Bakr did .The Prophet (SAW) set out a Muslim army under the command
of the Prophet(SAW) half way through Ramadan to Makkah 10,000 fighters.
E) At Marr az-Zahran they met Abu Sufyan and he became Muslim.
F) Abu Sufyan returned to Makkah and called the Quraysh telling them if they
enter his house, mosque, or their houses and close the door will be safe.
G) Makkah surrendered and the Muslims call out Allahu Akbar Allahu Akbar.
H) Prophet (SAW) headed towards Haram and was ordered to smash the Idols in
the and out of the Kaaba and after it had been cleansed of the idols
Prophet(SAW) gave Bilal order to call for prayer from the roof.
I) Amr ibn al-As destroys the idol of Suwa- Belonged to the tribe of Hudhayl, he
destroyed it and they submitted to Allah.
J) Sa’d ibn Zayd is sent to destroy Manat- 20 horsemen, Sa’d killed the naked
woman and destroyed the idol. Banner of Islam was raised in Makkah.

WEEK 11

Lecture 21 Battle of Hunayn

A) Shawwal 8 AH- After Muslims conquered Makkah, the tribes who neighbored
Quraysh were alarmed at the Muslim victory over Quraysh.
B) Hawazin and Thaqeef worried that the next strike would fall upon them, We
will attack Muhammad(SAW) before he attacks us. Malik ibn Awf chief of Banu
 Hawazin would be in command. He ordered them to bring their women,
children, livestock, and wealth and station it behind the army.
C) When Messenger(SAW) heard about it he set out towards them with his
Companions.
D) Muslims-12,000, disbelivers- 20,000
E) Ambush was set up for the Muslims at entrance of Wadi Awats near Taif.
F) The showered the Muslims with arrows and they panicked and fled.
G) When the Prophet saw the imminent defeat of Muslims, he called out to them
and said I am the Prophet and no lie, I am the son of Abd al-Muttalib.-none of
the disbelivers were able to charge out at him even though that’s what they
came for.
H) Messenger (SAW) ordered al-Abbas to call out to the people and they
regrouped and the Messenger(SAW) directed the battle.
I) Hunayn was a lesson for the Muslims in which they learned that victory
doesn’t come from large numbers of men and arms.

Lecture 22 The Campaign of Tabuk

A) Campaign of hardship- Rajab 9AH

B) Byzantium in Syria began to fear strength of Islam. They decide to attack
the Muslims, so they prepared a great army and camped in the south of
Greater Syria.
C) News reached Muhammad(SAW) and he called for the preparation of a
strong army to repel the Byzantine attack.
D) Urged rich to spend their wealth: Uthman ibn Affan donated 10,000
dinars, 900 camels, and 100 horses. Abu Bakr as-Siddeeq- Donated all his
wealth, Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf donated 40,000 dinars, and women
donated their gold jewelry and adornments.
E) Muslims head toward Tabuk in Rajab with 30,000.
F) Muslims camped in Thaniyat al-Wada, and were suffering from shortage of
water and provision, they slaughter their camels, take our the contents of
their stomachs and squeezed it in order to drink from it
G) 20 days in Tabuk, didn’t find any Byzantine there and returned and when
they preferred death to life.
H) Prophet took Muslims back to Madinah.
I) Period in which people entered the religion of Allah in crowds- 8-11 AH-
Makkah was conquered by the Quraysh submitted to the Messenger(SAW)
Arabs after the battle of Hunayn which came straight after the conquest
of Makkah.

WEEK 12

Lecture 23 The Year of Delegation

A) 9 AH –because delegation from the Arab tribes started to come to Madinah,

to declare their Islam and swear allegiance to the Messengers(SAW). 60
 People, and Al-Bukhari mentioned the delegation of the tribes of Tamim, Abd
al-Qays and Banu Hanifah. The Najran didn’t become Muslim but paid jizyah.
B) Abu Bakr leads people in Haji- 9AH, Messenger did umrah in the year of
Makkah. Abu Bakr was appointed and lead Haji. He set for Haji in Dhu’l-Hijjah
leading 300 Sahabah and has 20 sacrificial camels. Surah At-Tawbah –
revealed on Day of Sacrifice. Messenger(SAW) sent Ali with message: “No
one will enter Paradise except a believing soul. No one should
circumambulate the Kaaba naked and no polytheist should do Hajj after this
year. Whoever has a covenant with the Messenger of Allah(SAW) his
covenant will remain valid until its term expires. “
C) This had drawn a dividing line with the polytheist after 20 years of calling,
prophethood and revelation.
D) The Prophet’s(SAW) Hajj- 10AH(The Farewell Pilgrimage)- Stayed overnight in
Dhu’l-Hulayfah. Messenger came to him and said to pray in the blessed
valley, and say Umrah together with Hajj(Qiran). He entered Makkah on
Sunday morning from Kuda and did tawaf al-qudoom( the tawaf of arrival).He
walked fast 1st 3 ciruits, and walked normal pace on the 4 th. He went out to
as-Safa and did sa’r riding. If they didn’t bring sacrificial animal they were
told to cancel Hajj and do Umrah. Day of at-Tarwaiya(8 th Dhu’l-Hijjah) he went
to Mina where he prayed his Zuhr- Isha there and stayed overnight and
prayed Fajr. He traveled to Arafah and set up his tent in Namirah- stayed
there until sun passed the meridian, and addressed the people and led them
in praying Zuhr and Asr with one adhan and 2 iqamahs. Then he went to the
place of standing where he continued to offer supplication, and repeat Laa
ilaaha illa Allah and Allahu akbar until sun set. He moved on to Muzdalifah
after sunset and stayed there overnight and prayed Fajr. He halted in al-
Mash’ar al-Haram unit it grew light, and set out for Mina before sunrise,
where he stoned Jamrat al-Aqabah with 7 pebbles. During 3 days of at-
Tashreeq, on each day he stoned 3 Jamaraat with 7 pebbles each, walking on
1 foot, starting with the one is the next to al_khayf, then the middle one, then
Jamrat al-Aqabah. He offered lengthy supplication at the 1 st and 2nd ones. He
offered his sacrifice on the day he arrived in Mina, and went to the Kaaba and
circumambulated it 7 times (tawaf al-ifadah). Then he went to the water
provider and drank Zamzam water. Them went back to Mina and left on the
3rd day. He halted in al-Muhasab, and sent Aisha to do umrah from at-
Taneem. Then he gave orders to depart.
E) His Umrahs- After Hijrah the Prophet(SAW) did umrah 4 times all of them in
Dhu’l-Qadah except the umrah he did with his Hajj.
1) Umrah of Al-Hudaybiyyah, which was the 1 st umrah, in 6AH when the
polytheist prevented him from reaching the Kaaba.
2) Umrat al-Qada(the compensatory umrah) in the following year. He entered
Makkah and stayed there for 3 days and left after completing his umrah.
3) His umrah that he did with Hajj.
 4) His umrah from al-Ji’iranah when he left for Hunayn then came back to
Makkah, he did umrah from al-Ji’iranah.

F) After returning from Hajj- preparing army of Usamah- to go to Syria- 2-3 months
after returning. He appointed Usamah ibn Zayd ibn Harithah instructed him to head
to al-Balqa and Palestine. The people made preparations among them Muhajireen
and Ansar and Abu Bakr and Umar, 3000. This was delayed the Prophet(SAW) fell
sick

Lecture 24 Passing of the Messenger(SAW)

F) The Death of the Prophet(SAW)- 12th Rabee al-Awwal 11AH- fell sick 3 months
after he returned from Farewell Pilgrimage. His sickness begin in house of
Maymunah. Al-Bukhari said sickness began in 7AH following conquest of
Khaybar, he ate a piece of poisoned mutton that was offered by a Jewish
woman, the wife of Sallam ibn Mishkam. He wanted to be nursed by Aisha
and she used to recite al-Mu’awwidhatayn and wipe over him with his own
hand for blessings. When his sickness grew worse he instructed Abu Bakr to
lead them in prayer. Aisha disliked the idea, lest the people see her father as
a bad omen. Abu Bakr is gentle-hearted man, his voice soft and he weeps a
great deal when he recites the Quran. Most significant indication that Abu
Bakr would be the caliph after Messenger (SAW). Prophet (SAW) came out
leaning on al-Abbas and Ali. In his speech he praised Abu Bakr and
highlighted his virtues. He lets the people know that he had chosen the
Hereafter. When it was close to his death he leaned on Aisha’s chest, he had
high fever and would say Laa ilaaha illa Allah, indeed there is agony in death.
Aisha realized he had been given the choice and he had chosen those on
high. He told Fatima that she would be the first in his family to join him.
G) He passed away in the late morning , with his head on Aisha’s lap, on Monday
12th Rabee al-Awwal 11AH- last thing he tasted was Aisha’s saliva on the
siwak she had used to brush his teeth, this was indicative of her high status.
H) Abu Bakr came and uncovered the face of the Prophet (SAW) and kissed him
and he went out to the people who were denying the shocking news and said,
“ Whoever has been worshipping Muhammad (SAW) , that he has died.
Whoever among you has been worshipping Allah, Allah is Ever-Living and will
never die. The people calmed down and Umar sat down as his legs would no
longer carry him. They had never heard that verse until this moment.
I) Fatima wept for her father saying, O my father, who answered the call of the
Lord, O my father, Jannat al-Firdaws is his final adobe, O my father, to Jibreel
we announce the news of his death.
J) The message will not end and it will endure until the Day of Judgement, and
his ummah will never cease to exist, goodness will remain in it until the Day
they are resurrected.