DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING,
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,
CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY,
Iroisemba, Imphal, Manipur
An Assignment
On
Floral Biology of Green Gram
Principles of Plant Breeding
(GPB- 502)
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Parveen Kumar, Dr. Manoranjan Biswal,
M.Sc. (Ag.) [GPB], Scientist, AICRP-Kharif Pulses,
Roll. No. 27A-24(M)/GPB, Dept. of GPB,
COA, CAU, Imphal. COA, CAU, Imphal.
❖ Contents:
1. Introduction
2. Taxonomic Classification
3. Origin and Distribution
4. Botanical Description
5. Floral Biology
6. Anthesis and Pollination
1. INTRODUCTION:
➢ It is also called as Mung Bean.
➢ It is a Sort duration, Day Neutral crop, Self Pollinated and
Leguminous Crop.
➢ Mung bean is the Hardiest crop among all the Pulses.
➢ It is the Third most important Pulse crop in India.
➢ India ranks 1st Place in Area and Production.
➢ India accounts about 50 to 55% of total world
production.
➢ It is grown as as Sole crop, Inter crop, Multiple cropping
system.
➢ The are under Green gram production has got doubled
in past two decades at a rate of 2.5% Annually.
2. TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF
GREEN GRAM:
➢ Botanical Name: Vigna radiata
➢ Kingdom: Plantae
➢ Division: Spermatophytes
➢ Sub Division: Angiosperm
➢ Class: Dicotyledoneae
➢ Order: Leguminosae
➢ Family: Fabaceae / Papilionidae
➢ Genus: Vigna
➢ Species: radiata
➢ Chromosome Number: 2n = 2x = 22
3. ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION
➢ Origin:
Primary centre of Origin is "INDIA".
➢ Distribution:
• Mung bean is cultivated in India, Thailand, China, Philippines,
Srilanka, Myanmar, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia etc.
• In India it is Cultivated in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka,
Orissa, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya
Pradesh.
• Cultivated in All Three Seasons - Kharif, Rabi and Zaid.
• Phaseolus aureus is the Wild form.
Uses:
• Mungbean is an excellent source of high quantity of protein, fiber
and iron.
• Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is synthesized in sprouted seeds of
mungbean with increment in riboflavin and thiamine are very
beneficial for us.
• Mungbean has the capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen through
symbiotic nitrogen fixation. It is also used as green manure crop..
• Being a short duration crop it also provides an excellent green
fodder for cattle.
• It fits well in various multiple and intercropping systems. After
picking of pods, mungbean plants may be used as green fodder or
can be incorporated as green manure.
4. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION:
➢ Habitat:
Annual, Herbaceous, erect/semi erect.
➢ Root:
Tap root system, provided with nodules for Atmospheric Nitrogen
fixation.
➢ Stem:
Erect /Sub erect, sometime twinning in upper branches, furrowed
& branches moderately/sparsely haired.
➢ Leaves:
Alternate, Trifoliate, entire ovate & rarely lobed with long Petiole.
➢ Fruit: (Legume or Pod)
• It is a Dry
dehiscent Fruit.
• Immature pods are
usually green,
mature pods are
iron gray/olive
gray/snuff brown
color, round
slander with short
& moderate
pubescence.
• Dehisces by both
(dorsal & ventral)
sutures into two
halves.
• It contains 9-16
seeds per Pod.
➢ Seeds:
• One to many seeds, Non- endospermic and has two
cotyledons.
• Seeds are Globular, green, surface has fine wavy ridges.
• Hilum (Point of attachment of seed to follicle) is white, more
or less flat.
• Germination is epigeal.
5. FLORAL BIOLOGY
Inflorescence:
Axillary Raceme carrying Ten to Twenty Flowers on a long Peduncle.
Corolla:
Papilionaceous corolla, Petals are Five and they are Polypetalous, consists of
three kinds of petals as below
• Standard: Large posterior petal.
• Wing: Two lateral petals.
• Keel: Anterior Two fused petals.
Calyx:
Sepals are Five, Gamosepalous, Imbricate aestivation.
FLOWER:
Hermaphrodite, Zygomorphic, Bisexual, Perigynous, Pedicillate, either lighter
yellowish olive/ Olive Yellow.
ANDROECIUM:
Male reproductive part Stamen has got
two parts as below:
• Anther
• Filament
Stamens are 10 in Number, Diadelphous
(9) +1, Anther dithecous.
GYNOECIUM:
The Female reproductive part Carpel/
Pistil has got three parts as below :-
• Stigma
• Style
• Ovary
Monocarpellary, unilocular half superior
ovary with many ovules on marginal
placentation style is single long terminal.
Stigma is simple.
6. ANTHESIS AND POLLINATION
• In Mung Bean Pollination occurs a night prior to opening of the flowers.
• Anthers start dehiscing from 9 am and completely dehisced by 3 pm.
• Stigma are by then receptive and are thoroughly covered with pollen.
• Flowers open between 6 am and 8 am amd remain open till 11 am later
they close between 2 pm and 4 pm.
• Pollen sheeding takes place long before the petals open l.e,. During bud
stage.
• Cleistogamy occurs to an extent of 46%
• So, The Pollination occur in the bud stage on the night previous to the
opening of the flowers.
Reference:
Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU). (n.d.). Plant
Breeding Notes. Available at: https://angrau.ac.in.
THANK YOU
