MEE 035: Machine Design 11

Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: V-BELTING (Tensile strength, Yield strength) Materials:

Module, Paper, Pen, Calculator.
Lesson Objectives: References:
1. Design of Machine Elements,
1. The major objective is to learn to apply basic theories of 4e, by: Virgil Moring Faires
strength of materials and other pertinent theories to the 2. Design of Machine Members,
actual design of the most common machine elements; 4e
Flexible Power-Transmitting Elements, Power Chains, Wire By: Daughtie and Vallance
Ropes, Flywheel, Brakes and Clutches, etc. especially as [Link]: Problem Book on
they are affected by the variation in the loading. Design of Machine Elements 4e
2. To give the safe answer hence by nature most machines, by: Virgil Moring Faires
the loads vary and the most important consideration is to
have minimum weight but do not compromise the
durability, economy, and esthetics.

 “The scientist discovers a new type of material or energy and the engineer discovers a new
use for it.” ...

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction (2 mins)
V-Belting: As is true of the machine elements, Flexible connectors for transmitting power
appear in many different forms: flat belts, V-belts, flat-V, “toothed” belts, ropes (manila, cotton, wire).
It has a factors that effect the capacity of the V-belt are much the same as those previously
described, except the wedging action. As you take a look on FIGURE 17.13 page 455 on our
textbook by Faires is that the results is much larger normal force N for the same belt tension and
therefore a larger tangential (transmitted) force is obtainable for the same coefficient of friction.
F1
By the same token the reasonably attainable tension ratio is greater than for flat belts.
F2

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2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, part 1 (3 mins)

Before we start the topic answer the questions in column 2. Write your answers in the column 1. Leave
the third column blank (will be answered during Activity 4).
What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)
1. In Drive selection data, name 1. Standard V belt

at least four (4) type drive. 2. Leather flat belt

3. Rubber fabric flat belt

4. Standard Roller Chain

2. What are the five sections for 5 types “ b x t”

the older standard regular- 5

A-½ x
16
deep groove V belts and
21
have standard length. B- x {13} over {32”
32
7
C- x {17} over {32”
8
1
D-1 x {3} over {4}
4
1
E-1 x {29} over {32}
2
P 394 by Vallance

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

[Link] LESSON

1) Activity 2: Content Notes (25 mins)

V-BELTING

What is V-belt?
A V-belt is a wedge-shaped belt manufactured out a rubber compound, reinforced with a tensile cord
specifically engineered to transmit power into movement. V-belts can be found in driving mechanisms,
such as engines in air compressors, fans, and pumps.

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Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Why is named V-belt?

The name V belt is derived from the belt's shape, which is approximately trapezoidal, like a “V”. Formerly,
flat belts were used, but V belts replaced them for their superior performance. V belts have a wedge type
of shape, and are used in power transmission.

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

[( ) ]
V 2 Vm
0.09
Rated Hp 10 3 c
=a − −e m6
Belt Vm K d D1 10 10
3

Where

V m =belt speed , fpm

K d =small dia. factor ¿
D 1= pitch dia . of small sheave

For a c & e ( table 17-3 p 458)

Design Hp = transmitted Hp x service factor

 Service factor – table 17-7 p 460

Adjusted = Rated Hp x K θ x K L

Where

K L=leng of belt factor (17−6 p 459)

K θ=arc of contact factor (17−5 p 459)

Design Hp
No of belts=
Adjusted Hp

The five sections for the older standard regular-deep groove V belts and have standard length.

5 types “ b x t”

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Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

5
A-½ x
16
21
B- x {13} over {32”
32
7
C- x {17} over {32”
8
1
D-1 x {3} over {4}
4
1
E-1 x {29} over {32}
2
P 394 by Vallance

Belt Length

[ ]
2
π ( D 2−D 1 )
B . L .= ( D2 +d ) +2 C+
2 4C

Arc of contact

θ=180° ± 2 sin [ ( −1 D 2−D1

2C
deg )]
θ=π ± [ D2−D 1
C ]
rad

Center distance

C=
√ 2
B+ B −32 ( D 2−D1 )
,inches
2

16

where
B = 4L-6.28(D+d)
L = length of belt, in.
D = diameter of the bigger sheave, in.

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Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

d = diameter of the smaller sheave, in.

Note:

Selection of V-belts should be based on table 17-3 p 458 for minimum sheave dia. and the pitch
length.

“As engineers, we were going to be in a position to

change the world – not just study it.” ...

Example:

An air compressor driven by 30 kW 1200 rpm,

electric motor by the use of V-belting. The motor
and compressor sheaves mean dia. are 255 mm
and 750 mm respectively. The shaft center
distance is about 1350 mm. Calculate the size
and no. of V-belts required.

SKETCH:

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
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Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

255
D 1= =10.039∈.
25.4

Use Type C V-belt (refer to table 17-3 p 458 for minimum sheave dia. and the pitch length), hence D1 > 9
in. < 13 in.. Please see table below.

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
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Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

[ ]
2
π ( D−d )
L . B .= ( D+d ) +2 C+
2 4C

π
¿ ( 0.75+0.255 ) +2 ( 1.350 ) +
2 [
( 0.75−0.255 )2
4 (1.350 ) ]
¿ 4.30 m x 37.39=169.29∈.

Use C 173 (refer to table 17.6 p 459 by Faires), see table above.

v m=πDN
(10.039 )( 1200 )
¿ π (10.039 )( 1200 ) =3153.84 fpm
12

[( ) ]
3 0.09 2
Rated Hp 10 c V Vm
=a − −e m6
Belt Vm K d D1 10 103

a, c, and e for A, C, and D sections are given in table 17.3 below the columns of standard length

For type C V-belting

a = 8.792
c = 38.819

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

e = 0.416

For B Section, go to p 456 eq (l) Faires

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

750
mall dia factor table 17.4 . =2.94
255

K d =1.13

D 1=10.039

Rated Hp
=¿
Belt

Rated Hp Hp
=12.91
Belt Belt

K θ=?

D 2−D1 750−255
= =0.367
C 1350

From table 17-5, K θ=0.94

K L=?

From table 17.6 p 459 Faires, @ type C, L.B.=173

K L=1.04

Solving for Adjusted Hp

Adjusted = Rated Hp x K θ x K L

Adjusted Hp = 12.91 x 0.94 x 1.04 = 12.62/belt

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Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Solving for Design Hp.

Design Hp = transmitted Hp x service factor

 Service factor – table 17-7 p 460

30
Design Hp = ( 1.4 )=56.30 Hp
0.746

Design Hp
No of belts=
Adjusted Hp

56.30
No. of belts = =5 belts
12.62

2) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities (with answer key) (28 mins + 2 mins checking)

Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this TG. Write your
score on your paper

Problem 1.
An irrigation pump is to be driven by 40 Hp, 2400 rpm diesel engine. The centrifugal pump will be operated
at 900 rpm. Design a V-Belt transmission system for the equipment. The drive angle of wrap should not less
than 1550, assume center distance C.

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Problem 2. (V-belt selection)

Select the type and determine the number of V-belts to be used by a 50 kW motor driving a
reciprocating compressor at 1.0 m center distance between shafts. Motor rpm is 1299. Speed ratio is 3.

3. Activity 4: What I Know Chart, part 2 (2 mins)

What I Know Questions: What I Learned (Activity 4)

1. In Drive selection data, 1. Standard V belt

name at least four (4) type 2. Leather flat belt

drive. 3. Rubber fabric flat belt

4. Standard Roller Chain

2. What are the five sections 5 types “ b x t”

for the older standard 5

A-½ x
16
regular-deep groove V belts
21
and have standard length. B- x {13} over {32”
32
7
C- x {17} over {32”
8
1
D-1 x {3} over {4}
4
1
E-1 x {29} over {32}
2
P 394 by Vallance

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Use another sheet of paper if necessary.

4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding (20 mins)

Check your answers against the Key to Corrections found at the end of this
TG. Write your score on your paper

QUIZ!!!

A 420 rpm blower is belt driven by a 5 kW synchronous motor at 1800 rpm. Determine the suitable and

no. of V-belts and suitable pitch diameter of the sheaves based of the belt speed of 18 m/sec. Center

distance is approximately 0.85 m.

SKETCH:

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
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Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
5) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning (5 mins

Three things you learned:

1.
2.
3.
Two things that you would like to learn more about:
1.
2.
One question you still have:
1.

Check for Understanding (5 mins)

LET ME HEAR FROM YOU…

In your opinion, why do studying “BELTING” important for us as
engineers? Write your opinion on the space provided below.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

TEACHER'S GUIDE…
The following questions were recommended to be used to evaluate the
understanding of the students about the lesson. It is recommended
that they answer it on a separate sheet of paper.

KEY TO CORRECTIONS:
Activity 3: (20 min)

Problem 1.
An irrigation pump is to be driven by 40 Hp, 2400 rpm diesel engine. The centrifugal pump will be operated
at 900 rpm. Design a V-Belt transmission system for the equipment. The drive angle of wrap should not less
than 1550, assume center distance C.

Solution:
From table 17.7 p 460 Faires, service factor = 1.2 (Driving ICE, driven pump)
Design Hp = (transmitted hp)(S.F.)
Design Hp = ( 40 )( 1.2 ) =48 Hp

From Fig. 17.14 p 457 Faires

@ 48 Hp (design Hp) and 2400rpm, type B – V -belt is recommended

From Table 17.3 p 458 Faires

For B section V-belt, the minimum sheave diameter is 5.4 in. and a maximum of 9 in.
USE 6 inches dia.

N 1 d=N 2 D
2400(6)=900 D
D=16 inches

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
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Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

From eq. p page 457, Faires 4e

 Check the angle of wrap of small pulley

θ=π ± [ D2−D 1
C
,rad]
θ=π −
[ 16−6
c ]
=155 deg
πrad
180 deg
, not less than 1550 as mentioned.

[16−6
C ]
=π −2.7053
10
C= =22.92inches
0.4363

USE B35 V-belt

{
a=4.737
Rated Hp constant are c=13.962
e=0.0234

Solve for Rated Hp per belt:

[( ) ]
0.09 2
Rated Hp 10 3 c V Vm
=a − −e m6
Belt Vm K d D1 10 103

V m =π ( 126 ) ( 2400 ) =3770 fpm

From table 17.4 p 459, Faires
D 2 D 16
@ = − =2.67 so ; K d =1.13
D1 d 6

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
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Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

[ ( ) ]
3 0.09 2
Rated Hp 10 13.962 (3770) 3770
= 4.737 − −0.0234
Belt 3770 1.13 ( 6 ) 10
6
10
3

¿ ( 4.204−2.059−0.332 ) ( 3.77 )
hp
¿ 6.835
belt
hp
Adjusted rated =(Rated Hp)(K θ)(K L )
belt

From table 17.5 p 459 Faires

D2−D 16−6
@ 1
= =0.436 , K θ=0.94
C 22.92

From table 17.6 p 459 Faires

2
π (16−6 )
@ L.B. = ( 16+6 )+2(22.92)+
2 4 ( 22.92 )
¿ 34.56+ 45.84+1.09
L . B .=81.49 inches

USE B81 V-belt

From table 17.3 p 458 Faires

The standard V-belt, B81 has a pitch length of 82.8 inches

From table 17.6 p 459 Faires

For B81; K L=0.98

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Adjusted rated
hp
belt (
= 6.835
hp
belt )
( 0.94 ) ( 0.98 )=6.296
hp
belt
48 hp
=7.6 belts say 8 belts
Number of belts = hp
6.296
belt

So; Use 3 pieces B81 V-belt in the installation.

Since; the V-belt is shorter in length, we have to adjust the center distance from, 22.92 inches

Center distance

B+ √ B2−32 ( D−d )
2
C= ,inches
16

where
B = 4L-6.28(D+d) = 4(81.49) - 6.28(16+6) = 187.8 inches
L = length of belt, in.
D = diameter of the bigger sheave, in.
d = diameter of the smaller sheave, in.

187.8+ √ 187.8 −32 ( 16−6 )

2 2

C= ,inches
16
C=22.92 inches, the above value of C above is correct

Problem 2. (V-belt selection)

Select the type and determine the number of V-belts to be used by a 50 kW motor driving a
reciprocating compressor at 1.0 m center distance between shafts. Motor rpm is 1200. Speed ratio is 3.

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
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Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Solution:
From table 17.7 p 460 Faires, service factor = 1.4
Design Hp = (transmitted hp)(S.F.)

Design Hp = ( 0.74650kW
kW
/hp )
( 1.4 ) =94 Hp

From Fig. 17.14 p 457 Faires

@ 94 hP (design Hp) and 1200rpm, type D – V -belt is recommended

From Table 17.3 p 458 Faires

For D section V-belt, the minimum sheave diameter is 13 in.

N1 1200
N 1 d=N 2 Dbut ; =3 , N 2= =400 rpm
N2 3
(1200)(13)¿ 400 D
( 1200 ) ( 13 )
D= =39 inches
400

{
a=18.788
Rated Hp constant are c=137.70
e=0.0848

Solve for Rated Hp per belt:

[( ) ]
3 0.09 2
Rated Hp 10 c V Vm
=a − −e m6
Belt Vm K d D1 10 10
3

V m =π ( 1312 )( 1200 )=4084 fpm

From table 17.4 p 459, Faires

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
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Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

D 2 39
@ = =3 so ; K d =1.14
D 1 13

[ ( ) ]
0.09 2
Rated Hp 103 137.7 ( 4084) 4084
= 18.788 − −0.0848
Belt 4084 1.14 ( 13 ) 106 103
¿ ( 16.553−9.291−1.414 )( 4.084 )
hp
¿ 23.883
belt
hp
Adjusted rated =(Rated Hp)(K θ)(K L )
belt

From table 17.5 p 459 Faires

D 2−D 39−13
@ 1
= =0.66 , K θ=0.90
C 1(39.37)

From table 17.6 p 459 Faires

2
π ( 39−13 )
@ L.B. = ( 39+13 ) +2 ( 1.0 ) (39.37 )+
2 4 ( 39.37 )
¿ 81.68+78.74 +4.3292
L . B .=164.712 inches

From table 17.3 p 458 Faires

The standard V-belt, D158 has a pitch length of 161.5 inches

From table 17.6 p 459 Faires

For D158; K L=0.92

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hp hp
Adjusted rated =( 23.883 ) ( 0.90 ) ( 0.92 )=19.775
belt belt
94 hp
=4.75 say 5 belts
Number of belts = hp
19.775
belt

So; Use 5 pieces D158 V-belt in the installation.

Since; the V-belt is shorter in length, we have to adjust the center distance from, 39.37 inches (1.0

meter)

Center distance

B+ √ B2−32 ( D−d )
2
C= ,inches
16

where
B = 4L-6.28(D+d) = 4(161.3)-6.28(39+13) = 318.64 inches
L = length of belt, in.
D = diameter of the bigger sheave, in.
d = diameter of the smaller sheave, in.

318.64+ √ 318.64 −32 ( 39−13 )

2 2

C= , inches
16
C=37.58 inches

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
Students’ Activity Sheet Module #1

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

KEY TO CORRECTIONS:
Activity 5: (32 min)

A 420 rpm blower is belt driven by a 5 kW synchronous motor at 1800 rpm. Determine the suitable and

no. of V-belts and suitable pitch diameter of the sheaves based of the belt speed of 18 m/sec. Center

distance is approximately 0.85 m.

SKETCH:

V = πDN

18
m
sec (
=π D 1
1800
60 )
D 1=0.1909 m=7.52

N 1 D 1=N 2 D2

1800(7.52)
D 2= =32.2∈.
420

Use type B V-belt

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Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

[ ]
2
π ( D−d )
L . B .= ( D+d ) +2 C+
2 4C

π
L . B .= ( 32.2+7.52 ) +2(0.85)(39.37)+
2 [
( 32.2−7.52 )2
4 (0.85)(39.37) ]
L . B .=133.82∈.

Use B 128

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 MEE 035: Machine Design 11
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[( ) ]
3 0.09 2
Rated Hp 10 c V Vm
=a − −e m6
Belt Vm K d D1 10 10
3

m ft
V m =18 =3542.4
sec min

[ ( ) ]
0.09 2
Rated Hp 10 3 13.962 ( 3542.4 ) 3542.4
= 4.737 − −0.0234
Belt 3542.4 1.14 (7.52 ) 106 103

Rated Hp=8.16 Hp

From table 17-4

D 2 32.2
= =4.28
D 1 7.52

K d =1.14

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K L∧K θ

K θ−table 17.5

D 2−D 32.2−7.52
1
= =0.74 K θ =0.87
C 0.85(39.37)

Adjusted Hp = 8.16 x 1.08 x 0.87 = 7.67 Hp/belt

5
Design Hp = ( 1.2 ) =8.04 Hp
0.746

8.16
No. of belts = =1.015 say 2 belts Type B−128
8.04

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