Birla Public School, Doha-Qatar
Science- Chemistry
Study material
Class: 10
Ch-1- Chemical Reactions and Equations:
I. Definitions:
1. Chemical Reaction: A chemical change that occurs when two or more
substances combine to form a new substance.
2. Reactants: A chemical substance that takes place in a chemical
reaction and undergoes change during a reaction.
3. Product: A chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical
reaction.
4. Exothermic reaction: A chemical change that is accompanied by
liberation of heat energy.
5. Endothermic reaction: A chemical change that is accompanied by
absorption of heat.
6. Chemical equation: Short/symbolic representation of a chemical
reaction using the symbol or formulae of the substances involved in it is
called chemical equation.
7. Word equation: A chemical reaction expressed in words using the
names of the substances involved in it is called word equation.
8. Skeletal equation: A chemical equation having unequal number of
atoms of one or more elements on either side of an equation is called
skeletal/unbalanced equation.
9. Balanced chemical equation: A chemical equation having equal
number of atoms of each element on either side of an equation is called
balanced equation.
10. Balancing of chemical equation: The process of equalisation of
number of atoms of each element on either side of an equation is called
balancing chemical equation.
II. Multiple choice questions:
1. A chemical reaction is characterised by
(a) change in (b) formation of new products
(c) evolution and absorption of energy (d) all the above
2. A balanced chemical equation is in accordance with:
(a) Avogadro’s law (b) law of multiple proportion
(c) law of conservation of mass (d) law of gaseous volumes
3. What does the symbol “↓” represent in a chemical reaction?
(a) Gas released (b) Solid state
(c) Precipitate formed (d) Direction of reaction
4. In the following equations:
Na2CO3 + xHCl → 2NaCl +CO2 + H2O, the value of x is:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
5. Which of the following are exothermic processes?
(i) Reaction of water with quick lime (ii) Dilution of an acid
(iii) Evaporation of water (iv) Sublimation of camphor
III. Assertion and Reason:
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct
explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct but reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true
1. Assertion: The balancing of chemical equations is based on law of
conservation of mass.
Reason: Total mass of reactants is equal to total mass of products.
2. Assertion: Photosynthesis is considered as an endothermic reaction.
Reason: Energy gets released in the process of photosynthesis.
IV. One mark questions:
1. Which one of the following is a chemical change? Give reason also.
(a) Burning of wax (b) Melting of wax
2. Which one is a chemical change: Rusting of iron or melting of iron?
3. What is meant by a chemical reaction?
4. What precaution should be taken while heating magnesium ribbon
over burner?
5. Why is photosynthesis considered an endothermic reaction?
6. Why is combustion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) a chemical
change?
7. How will you test for the gas which is liberated when hydrochloric acid
reacts with an active metal?
8. State the main difference between endothermic and exothermic reaction.
V. Short Answer questions: (2 Marks)
1. Why do fire flies glow at night?
2. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?
3. Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment but after being plucked from
the plant can be fermented. Under what conditions do these grapes
ferment? Is it a physical or a chemical change?
4. What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should the chemical
equations be balanced?
5. How do we come to know that a chemical reaction has taken place?
6. Why respiration is considered an exothermic reaction? Explain.
7. Give reasons: (a) Aluminium is a reactive metal but is still used for
packing food articles. (b) Red litmus paper turns blue when touched with
aqueous solution of magnesium oxide.
8. Balance the following chemical equations.
(a) BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4+ HCl
(b) Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
(c) Pb(NO3)2 → PbO + NO2+ O2
(d) MnO2 + HCl → MnCl2 + H2O+ Cl2
9. Giving an example list two information which make a chemical equation
more useful (informative).
VII. Short answer for the following: (3 marks)
1. Write the chemical equation of the reaction in which the following
changes have taken place with an example of each:
(i) Change in colour (ii) Change in temperature (iii) Formation of
precipitate
2. Write chemical equation reactions taking place when carried out with the
help of (i) Iron reacts with steam
(ii) Magnesium reacts with dil HCl (iii) Copper is heated in air.
3. Write balanced equations for the following mentioning the type of
reaction involved.
(i) Aluminium + Bromine —–> Aluminium bromide
(ii) Calcium carbonate—–> Calcium oxide + Carbon dioxide
(iii) Silver chloride—–>Silver + Chlorine
4. (i) Why is it necessary to balance a chemical equation?
(ii) Write the balanced equation for the following reactions:
(a) Natural gas burns in air to form carbon dioxide and water.
(b) During respiration, glucose combines with oxygen and forms carbon
dioxide and water along with the release of energy.
5. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the
type of reaction in each case.
(i) Potassium bromide (aq) + Barium iodide(aq) → Potassium iodide (aq) +
Barium bromide(aq)
(ii) Zinc carbonate(s) → Zinc oxide(s) + Carbon dioxide (g)
(iii) Magnesium (s) + Hydrochloric acid(aq) → Magnesium chloride(aq) +
Hydrogen (g)
6. During the reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric acid,
following observations were made. Give reason for the observation in each
case.
(i) Silver metal does not show any change.
(ii) The reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive.
(iii) Some bubbles of a gas are seen when lead (Pb) is reacted with the
acid.
VII. Answer in detail: (5 marks)
1. (a) Define a balanced chemical equation. Why should an equation be
balanced?
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reaction:
(i) Phosphorus burns in presence of chlorine to form phosphorus penta
chloride.
(ii) Burning of natural gas. (iii) The process of respiration.
Prepared by: Sheri Varghese
