Scribd
Upload
30 views2 pages

Conditional Probability IB Summary

Conditional probability measures the likelihood of an event occurring given that another event has occurred, expressed as P(A | B) = P(A AND B) / P(B). It is applicable in various fields such as medical testing and quality control, with keywords like 'given that' and 'if' indicating its use. The document includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of conditional probability concepts.

Uploaded by

hs8086306
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views2 pages

Conditional Probability IB Summary

Conditional probability measures the likelihood of an event occurring given that another event has occurred, expressed as P(A | B) = P(A AND B) / P(B). It is applicable in various fields such as medical testing and quality control, with keywords like 'given that' and 'if' indicating its use. The document includes practice questions to reinforce understanding of conditional probability concepts.

Uploaded by

hs8086306
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Conditional Probability - IB Math Summary & Practice

1. Summary

Conditional Probability Summary:

Conditional probability is the probability of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred.

It is written as: P(A | B) = P(A AND B) / P(B), where:

- P(A | B) is the probability of A given B

- P(A AND B) is the probability of both A and B occurring

- P(B) is the probability of event B

It is often used in medical testing, quality control, and scenarios with "given that" language.

Example Keywords: "Given that", "If", "Provided that", "Among those who..."

Tips:

- Always identify the "given" part first. That is your denominator.

- Use a probability table or tree diagram if it helps visualize.

2. Practice Questions

Practice Questions (IB-style):

1. A factory has two machines. Machine A produces 60% of the total output, and Machine B produces 40%.

2% of A's items are defective, while 5% of B's items are defective.

a. What is the probability that a randomly selected item is defective?

b. Given that an item is defective, what is the probability it came from Machine B?

2. In a school, 70% of students study French and 30% study Spanish. 10% of French students and 20% of

Spanish students passed a language competition.

a. What is the probability a randomly chosen student passed?


Conditional Probability - IB Math Summary & Practice

b. If a student is known to have passed, what is the probability they studied Spanish?

3. A medical test is used to detect a disease that occurs in 0.5% of the population. The test correctly identifies

98% of infected people and falsely flags 3% of healthy individuals.

a. What is the probability that a randomly chosen person will test positive?

b. Given that a person tested positive, what is the probability they are actually infected?

(Hint: Draw tables or tree diagrams to organize information.)

You might also like