INDUSTRIES

Fill in the blanks :

1. The raw material is put in the blast furnace where it

undergoes smelting.
2. The river Yodo provides sufficient water for the Osaka textile
industry.
3. Ahmedabad is often referred to as the ‘Manchester of India’.
4. Silicon Valley is a part of Santa Clara Valley, located next to the
Rocky Mountains of North America.
5. The first successful modern textile mill was established in
Mumbai in 1854.
6. Secondary activities or manufacturing change raw materials into
products of more value to people.

True/False:

1. Leather industry is an agro-based industry. True

2. Small scale industries use lesser amount of capital and technology
as compared to large scale industries. True
3. MarutiUdyog Limited is an example of co-operative sector
industry. False
4. Alloys give steel unusual hardness, toughness, or ability to resist
rust. True
5. Finished product has more value and utility than the raw material
that it is made from. False

Answer the following :

1. Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?
The warm, moist climate, port for importing machinery,
availability of raw material and skilled labour resulted in rapid
expansion of the textile industry in Mumbai.
2. What products do industrial plants in Jamshedpur produce?
In Jamshedpur, several other industrial plants were set up after
TISCO. They produce chemicals, locomotive parts, agricultural
equipment, machinery, tinplate, cable and wire.
3. Where the major industrial regions of the world are tend to be
located?
Major industrial regions tend to be located in the temperate
areas, near sea ports and especially near coal fields.
4. What are sunrise industries? Give examples.
Emerging industries are also known as ‘Sunrise Industries’. These
include Information technology, Wellness, Hospitality and
Knowledge.
5. Where do we find the major industrial regions of the world?
Major industrial regions of the world are eastern North America,
western and central Europe, Eastern Europe and eastern Asia.
6. What is meant by the term ‘industry’?
Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with
production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of
services.
7. What are the main factors which influence the location of an
industry?
The factors affecting the location of industries are the
availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital,
transport and market.
8. Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern
industry and why?
Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry because
almost everything we use is either made of iron or steel or has
been made with tools and machinery of these metals.
9. Write a short note on Mineral based industries.
Mineral based industries are primary industries that use mineral
ores as their raw materials. The products of these industries
feed other industries. Iron made from iron ore is the product of
mineral based industry. This is used as raw material for the
manufacture of a number of other products, such as heavy
machinery, building materials and railway coaches.
10. What are marine based industries?
Marine based industries use products from the sea and oceans
as raw materials. Examples of Marine based industries are
processing sea food or manufacturing fish oil.

SA -II

11. What are the inputs, process and output of a textile

industry?
The inputs, process and output of a textile industry are……
Input
Cotton is the main raw material that is used in this industry.
Other inputs needed are human labour, machinery,
infrastructural facilities etc.
Process
Process includes ginning or separating cotton from the seed,
spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing.
Out put
The fabric that is manufactured by the factory is the output.
 12. Mention the industrial regions of India.
Industrial Regions of India
Mumbai – Pune Industrial Region,
Bangalore – Tamil Nadu region,
Hugli region,
Ahmedabad – Baroda region
Chottanagpur Industrial region,
Vishakhapatnam – Guntur region,
Gurgaon – Delhi – Meerut region
Kollam – Thiruvananthapuram Industrial region.
3. Mention some of the risk reducing measures that have to
be adopted by nuclear power industries.
Risk Reduction Measures that have to be adopted by
industries are…………..
Densely populated residential areas should be separated
far away from the industrial areas.
People staying in the vicinity of industries should be aware
of the storage of toxins or hazardous substances and their
possible effect in case if an accident occurs.
Fire warning and fighting system should be improved.
Storage capacity of toxic substances should be limited.
Pollution dispersion qualities in the industries should be
improved.

4.What are the stages involved in converting iron ore into steel?
There are 3 stages in converting iron ore into steel.
Stage I
Iron Ore, coal and lime stone are put in a blast furnace and melted to
extract the metal. This process is called smelting.
Stage II
The iron that is extracted from the furnace is refined. This extract is
called steel.
Stage III
The steel is then cast as billets or slabs. These billets and slabs are
used by other Industries as raw material.

5. Manufacturing industries are important for the economic

development of the country, discuss.
Following are importance of manufacturing industries for the
economic development of the country:
(a) Industrial growth helps in modernising the agricultural
activities by providing machinery, chemicals, irrigation facilities,
insecticides, pesticides, etc.
(b) Industrial growth helps in reducing the unemployment and
poverty.
(c) Industrial growth can earn foreign exchange by exporting the
finished goods and thus, can expand its trade and commerce.
(d) Industrial growth helps in improving the standard of living of
the people.
SA - III

6. How is the classification of industries done on the basis of raw

materials size and ownership? Explain.
Industries are classified on the basis of raw materials, size and
ownership:
1. Raw materials: Industries may be agro-based, mineral-based,
marine-based and forest-based depending on the type of raw
materials used by them.
 Agro-based industries: These industries use plant and animal-
based products as their raw materials.
 Mineral-based industries: These industries use mineral ores as
their raw materials, and the products of these industries feed
other industries.
 Marine based industries: They use the products from the sea and
oceans as raw materials.
  Forest-based industries: It utilizes forest produce as raw
materials.

2.Size: It refers to the amount of capital invested, number of

people employed and the volume of production.
Based on size, industries can be classified into small scale and
large scale industries.

 Small scale industry: These are cottage or household

industries where the products are manufactured by hand,
by the artisans and use lesser amount of capital and
technology.
 Large scale industry: These are industries that produce large
volumes of products and use higher amount of capital and
technology.
3.Ownership: Industries can be classified into private sector,
state-owned or public sector, joint sector and cooperative
sector.

 Private-sector industries: These are owned and operated by

individuals or a group of individuals.
 Public sector industries: These are owned and operated by the
government.
 Joint sector industries: These are owned and operated by the
state and individuals or a group of individuals.
 Cooperative sector industries:They are owned and operated by
the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.

7. Why was sakchi chosen to set up the steel plant by TISCO?

Answer: Sakchi was chosen to set up the steel plant for several
reasons.
  This place was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the
Bengal-Nagpur railway line.
 It was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits as well
as to Kolkata, which provided a large market.
 TISCO gets coal from Jharia coalfields, and iron ore, limestone,
dolomite and manganese from Orissa and Chhattisgarh.
 The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water
supply.
 Government initiatives provided adequate capital for its later
development.
8.Write the properties and significance of steel.

Answer: Steel is tough and it can easily be shaped, cut, or made into
wire. Alloys give steel unusual hardness, toughness, or ability to resist
rust.

Significance

 Steel is often called the backbone of modern industry. Ships, trains,

trucks, and autos are made largely of steel.
 Even the safety pins and the needles we use are made from steel.
 Oil wells are drilled with steel machinery.
 Steel pipelines transport oil.
 Minerals are mined with steel equipment.
 Farm machines are mostly steel.
 Large buildings have steel framework.

9. Explain the factors favourable for the development of the IT

industry in Bengaluru.
Following are the factors favourable for the development of the
IT industry in Bengaluru:
(a) Bangalore is located on the Deccan Plateau from where it
 gets the name 'Silicon Plateau'.
(b) The city is known for its mild climate throughout the year.
Pleasant weather, low cost of living, makes it an ideal place for
living.
(c) Good transport facility, availability of skilled and experienced
professionals.
(d) The city has many leading educational institutes.
(e) More than 100 multinational and software companies have
established their business.
(f) The government of Karnataka was the first to sanction the
establishment of IT industry.

Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions:
Picture-1

(i) What does the above picture show?

(ii) Where was the iron and steel industry located before 1800 A.D.?
Answer:
(i) It shows the changing location of iron and steel industry.
(ii) Before 1800 A.D. iron and steel industry was located where raw
materials, power supply and running water were easily available.

Picture-2

(i) Name the major railway station shown in the figure.

(ii) What does the picture show?
Answer:
(i) Tatanagar railway station.
(ii) It shows the location of iron and steel industry in Jamshedpur.

Map Skills Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Industries

Question 1.
On an outline Map of World show the major iron ore producing areas.
(i) Brazil
(ii) South Africa
(iii) Australia
(iv) Germany
(v) India
Answer:

Question 2.
On an outline Map of World show the important iron and steel
producing centres.
(i) Jharkhand
(ii) Odisha
(iii) Chhattisgarh
(iv) West Bengal
Answer:
EXTRA QUESTIONS:
1. What industries have started replacing the textile industry in
Osaka?
Or
What industries have replaced the cotton textile industry of
Osaka?
The cotton textile industry of Osaka has been replaced by other
industries, such as iron and steel, machinery, shipbuilding,
automobiles, electrical equipment and cement.
2. Industries can be classified on the bases of ownership, explain.
Industries can be classified into 4 sectors in relationship to the
ownership of the concerned industry.
Private sector: Private sector industries are owned and operated
by individuals or a group of individuals.
State owned or public sector: The public sector industries are
owned and operated by the government.
Joint sector: Joint sector industries are owned and operated by
the state and individual or a group of individuals.
Cooperative sector: Co-operative sector industries are owned
and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials,
workers or both.

3. What are the factors that helped Ahmedabad become a textile

centre.
Factors that helped the city become a textile centre.
Ahmedabad is situated in the heart of a cotton growing area;
hence the major raw material is easily available.
The humid climate is ideal for spinning and weaving.
The flat terrain and easy availability of land is suitable for the
establishment of the mills.
The densely populated states of Gujarat and Maharashtra
 provide both skilled and semi-skilled labour.
Well-developed road and railway network permits easy
transportation of textiles to different parts of the country, thus
providing easy access to the market.
The Mumbai port which is situated nearby facilitates import of
machinery and export of cotton textiles.
4. Discuss the locational advantages for the development of the
cotton textile industry in Ahmedabad.
Following are the locational advantages for the development of
cotton textile industry in Ahmedabad:
(a) Ahmedabad is located in Gujarat on the banks of the
Sabarmati River.
(b) Ahmedabad is situated very close to cotton growing area.
This ensures easy availability of raw material.
(c) The climate is ideal for spinning and weaving.
(d) The flat terrain and easy availability of land is suitable for the
establishment of the mills.
(e) The densely populated states of Gujarat and Maharashtra
provide both skilled and semi-skilled labour.
(f) Well developed road and railway network permits easy
transportation of textiles to different parts of the country, thus
providing easy access to the market. Mumbai and Kandla ports
nearby facilitates import of machinery and export of cotton
textiles.