CLASS: 10th

CBSE Hints & Solution

Mathematics
1. (C)  is an irrational number Taking the positive square root (since HCF must be
positive):
2. (B) 65 = 13 × 5 h = 36
117 = 13 × 9 h=6
HCF = (65, 117) = 13 Therefore, the HCF of the two integers is 6.
65m – 117 = 13
65m = 130 7. (A) a  2, e  1
m=2 For the HCF to have 22 as a factor, the power of 2 in
both P and Q must be at least 2. So, a  2 and c  2.
3. (A) q must only have prime factors 2 and 5. (The For the HCF to have 71 as a factor, the power of 7 in
A hp p both P and Q must be at least 1. So, b a  1 and e  1.
fraction = = (since h  0). For this
B hq q The question asks for the possible value of a and e.
simplified fraction to have a terminating decimal Therefore, a  2 and e  1.
expansion, the prime factors of the denominator q
must only be 2 and 5. 8. (C) Assertion is true ( 2 + 3 is irrational, but

4. (A) It must be a factor of 60 and can only have prime Reason is not the correct, eg. ( )
2+ − 2 =0.
factor 2 and 5. (For a rational number to have a
terminating decimal expression, its denominator in 9. (D) Assertion is false (the decimal expansion is non-
simplest form can only have prime factors 2 and 5. terminating and non-repeating, thus it’s irrational),
Since this denominator must also be a factor of the but Reason is true (this is definition of the decimal
LCM of the two denominators, and the LCM is 60, expansion of a rational number).
the possible denominators for the terminating
decimal are factors of 60 that only include primes 2 10. (A) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason
and 5, such as 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20). is the correction explanation of Assertion. The LCM
contains all necessary prime factors to be divisible by
5. (C) p = a × b2 the HCF, which only contains the common prime
q = a3 × b factors.
LCM (p, q) = a3 × b2
11. p and q are coprime and q  0.
6. (B) Let the two positive integers a and b.
We are given: 12. The required smallest number
1. LCM (a, b) = 12 times HCF (a, b) = (L.C.M. of 16, 20 and 24) + 5 = 240 + 5
2. a × b = 432 = 245
We know the fundamental relationship between two
positive integers, their HCF, and their LCM: 13. HCF (306, 657) = 9
a × b = HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b) We know that, LCM × HCF = Product of two
Now, let HCF (a, b) = h. From the first given numbers
condition, LCM (a, b) = 12h LCM × HCF = 306 × 657
Substitute these into the fundamental relationship: 306  657 306  657
432 = h × (12h) LCM = =
HCF 9
432 = 12h2
LCM = 22338
So, h2 = 36

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14. (i) 2 and − 2 As, b2 is divisible by 5, it means b is also divisible
by 5
(ii) 3 and 5 Therefore, a and b have at least 5 as a common factor.
But his contradicts the fact that a and b are co-prime.
15. Time taken by Sonia and Ravi for completing 1 round This contradiction has arisen because of our incorrect
of circular path respectively i.e., 18 minutes and 12
assumption that 5 is a rational number.
minutes.
So required time will be LCM of 18 and 12 Hence, 5 is an irrational number.
18 = 2 × 3 × 3
12 = 2 × 2 × 3 19. (i) (b) In each room the same number of
LCM of 12 and 18 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36 participants are to be seated and all of them must be
Therefore, Ravi and Sonia will meet together at the in the same subject. So, the number of participants is
starting point after 36 minutes. a factor of 60, 84 and 108. Therefore, the maximum
number of participants that can be accommodated in
16. Required number = LCM of 28 & 32 each room is the HCF of 60, 84, and 108.
28 = 22 × 7 Now, 60 = 22 × 31 × 5, 84 = 22 × 31 × 71
32 = 25 and 108 = 22 × 33.
LCM = 25 × 7 = 224 books  HCF (60, 84, 108) = 22 × 3 = 12
Hence, the maximum number of participants that can
17. Let us assume, to the contrary, that 2 + 3 is a be accommodated = 12.
rational number equals to ‘x’ & x is a rational
(ii) (a) Number of rooms required for participants
number.
in Hindi, English and Mathematics are
x= 2+ 3 60 84 108
On squaring both sides, we get =5, = 7 and = 9 respectively
12 12 12
x2 = 2 + 3 + 2 3  2 = 5 + 2 6  Minimum number of rooms required
x2 − 5 = 5 + 7 + 9 = 21
 x2 = 5 + 2 6  6 =
2
(iii) (a) LCM (60, 84, 108) = 22 × 33 × 5 × 7 = 3780
x2 − 5
As x, 5 and 2 are rational numbers, is a
2 (iv) (d) We have, HCF (60, 84, 108) = 12 and LCM
rational number. (60, 84, 108) = 3780
x2 − 5  HCF (60, 84, 108) × LCM (60, 84, 108)
Hence, 6= is a rational number, which is in
2 = 12 × 3780 = 45360
contradiction to the fact that 6 is an irrational
number. 20. (i) (b) Here 8 = 2 2 = product of rational and
Hence, our assumption is wrong. So, we conclude irrational number = irrational number.
that 2 + 3 is an irrational number.
(ii) (c) Here, 9 =3
18. Let us assume to the contrary that 5 is a rational So, 2 + 2 9 = 2 + 6 = 8, which is not
number. irrational.
a
i.e. 5 = (where, a and b are co-prime, and b  0)
b (iii) (b) Here 15 and 10 are both irrational and
 b 5 =a difference of these two irrational numbers
On squaring both sides, we have is also irrational.

(b 5 )
2
= a2 (iv) (c) As 5 is irrational, so its reciprocal is also
 5b = a
2 2
… (i) irrational.
2
As, a is divisible by 5, so a is also divisible by 5
(by theorem 2).
So, we can write a = 5c, for some integer c and on
substituting the value of a in equation (i), we get
5b2 = (5c)2
 b2 = 5c2
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