Module 5

-Tansmissian line
ine as a cicuil elerments (Lec)

Calculation of line impedante

-Development oSroith chat -

and VSWR usi ng Smith chart

axave guide - modes of propagalio
-Tho hollow Tectanqula1
of cwave - dominant mode, group velociy and phase
velocily
Smth cha7
J t is the mas commonly used graphica
technique 07
techngue ynding
impedance of a a 4ransmi55i6n

an YSHR
line ad coTTesponding. Telechion coecrent

Denive the Ccpressi on 7-CIcle and - crcle

in Smth chat

Conside nasmission ine Jeng th d, 3es

is characleishic impedance is
load impedance
20 The 7e|leckion Co-ecient
Zo

ZL+Zo

To no0ma lize thu tnpe dance zL is iven by

Than
 r

I+T (1-r)
zL-TzL
Tha no01melized load Impedant,
-O

DNoTmalized load Consists of reel at&dmagina7

P a

pa7.

I+ +J T1j T
- -JTi
(1t T)» jE )+JT
(1-T)- T (1-T)J

C1-)+

1T 2
Equating Teal and tmaginanY pants
. 1--r 2
A -2T,

l a clane
N2UATan
 2

Rearanging equalions >

y1"I 72 Ty I-,-
1
1+1) T,(71) *- 27T +}(7-1)
-o

y(7) - 21 * -o
74

a cncle ai 29T2C
This is the general egualion o

Com paing Cno fte7m)

the
he Circle T)
The Cenle
Cente o)

Ahe ctscle g - c e
The radius of
1-
V(711

7t
( 7t)
Raclius
+

ResslanreCDRadius Cepter (z0

Co, o)
5
O.661 (o33,o )
5 , 0)
O333 CG6T,0)
Co
Cimcles based on the dala shown be lou.

33
ror
rOn constant tactant e Ccles
equalun
2

T 2,
Re a1angi9

- 2T 7 -2 +* =o

r 2 , -2 T 0

Cicle in hu can
This is thu equahon the 2 29zr2ly tC-o
Com
d pa7 ng >
29 2

Wkt
ceoler (, 4) (1,)
Rad mus-9-c - J14
Ceoler 0.)
Radus
values
Radius and
@nd cenkr o Cincles oT diven
as shouwn belo
Reachante 2 RadusC+Cenler (,4)
(,)
O.5 C2)
,1)
5 -5)
O a,o)
 2 )

Canslant -Ciscle | Reaclance CIIcle

L2

0
490)

2 2
 with Z 502 3
A lossless ransm ission line

3om dong and operales al 2 MHz The line2 Is

0
wim a cad zL 60j 402
ermina led
U - 6 c on the Jnu Find

T e 7ellection co-eicrent
The standing wave Ta io
s

The input impedancein

30m

Z0-502
calculgte the no7malized f=2MH2 Go40-2
Step
load impedance
Go+j40
50
ZL = I2tjO.8

Slep 2:DRAW VSWR Circle

Find VSWR& mllechion co-ererent Tom

slep 3
Soith chav
(S-2-1, r35 5)
8tep 4 Find tnpuk unped ane mea suTement
Move towards generato 7om he load wh the
length 3om
movement in letms oa 07
InIn Smith chast length
in degree
G< G 3x10ols 120
210 Hz
'Im 2om- 30 240
Slep 6 .Dxaw aline Tom center to the poisf which s
oblained by moving 240om point P
The pontG ized)
zin 48+jo-03 (no1ma tized) e

Zin =(484j0-03) 60 =(®4 tjl*5)

 The Complete Smith Chart Cnormalized)
OL2tj0-8
Black Magic Design
VSWR CRCLE
S»2
0-35 L56
0.33 5 6

V E
S U B C E T A NRg i r o

-240
CAPATIVE
130

in485-08
S U S

o R

zo) CnoTmalize)

HL TTE

aNOMODHDNVLDVTA 3AI
+

S L O

RADLALLY SCALED PARAMETERS

PL CO 0 TOWARD GNERATO AK OONST.

i09 0 07
1 0 20
TRANSM, coPR.L
06 05 04 0 02
12 13 14 1s 1s 17 1. 1i
0
CEN

SS Ltlr.
1-Irl
O
 isConnecled o a 15 2
A load of 00+ 150

ossless [Link]: r )s The load admitlance y

the load
d)Zin a 0.4 a 7om
VmacVmin wthrespecl lo he load
eThe localions o
ifthe line is O.6» lonq
Zin t the genea jo1
-

he noTmalized load impedance

SepI: Find
zL loo+ jl6021.33t2
15 2
Sty 2 xaw vSWR ciacle coitm op Tadius ano o cenler
Slep 3: Fnd YSWR&Reflechoo elcten!rlrom smilh chowB
C5 (Draw a lIneromal axis,
S-4.8T.662As ue) odeisvsHR CUv)
Load admrtlan > erlend Po to PoP
- Thu constant S- ercle meels Pop admiHane
CY
Y22
-j 0.35
Zin a4 rom the load
angular movemen- 4x12o 72
Angle o =

288
So P move 288 4ouwaTds generalo On s-crrele o
hen we oill get Zin: O.3:j0.63) point R
t5«zin 15( 34j0-63)- 22-5t)4T:25-2
eThe locaBions o Vmar &Vmtn load wt
l= 0- 6
O 62
6 x 120°- 432 (I
Tevolu iont 12°)
Fromload end P, move along the s. crocle Ho the
point G
st Vma is loca ted af , 2 O-O55)
120
Vmacis loated ot.0.055+) eO.555
Only Vmin is ocaled al
AE he generaBo-7 end
O.o655^ t2 o. 3066) -

Zin 1
8-j2 2
Zatn Tt8-j2-2) - I135-jI65-2
 The Complete Smith Chart
Black Magic Design

041

SUCTAN

o
CAPACmVE
OR
ProE
REOVAPH
t H HHH

COMRON

HHHEHEH%s
12

R INNOUnoo
D aDNVLDVR ALDVAY

VD

S-4-8
RADIALLY SCALED PARAMETERS
CONST.
-8INRP. L
TANSM.CO37L l
OWARD LOAD -1OWADGNBATOO

09 1.1 12 13 14 1S 14 17 1 192

CNTE

OaN

9p..6540
COn ) , S
1-I
 Reclanquala wave quide
dimension a
Conside the Cclangulas ailave gude having
Y-Qds
along z-azis ,and oist b
along
along
oith a Souicc
Assume thal the wave guide is lled
lossless dieleclic
malerial (o-o)
ne(-0,J-o)
Conside7the ave equakion i loss less meium

Y E 1E & -O Module
mopagalion plane
yH 7H cwqve
juMTrje

(T E uEER- -UE

(TEVH eH-6
e i
is caltd TE uave equahon
e
called TM cwa ve eauahon
and expand
Conside equalion
Ez weE

MEE2=o popagala
7E+
E+Ez +
Constank
DTO paga-on
aong z azi

- Me=h

H , H2 H =o-
EzH2 Valuus can be
P 3olvin
obtained
Consider Mawel's First equa hon
Cro (non conduching
-jweE

| - jve([Link])

)-i(-)-- -He

=
jwE Eis Eyj 5z +

-jwe (Ez1, Eyj-E )

Compave i, j,k
Camponents (6
Hz+Hy - jwe E
H+H jwE Ey

H-H -jwe E
Consi de another Maccoell's equa ion
VxE jwH

Eo E Ez
Simplikthis as before EEy
oy
jw Ho -

E E-jwl Hy-O
Consder ea" VEz +Ec Jw Hq
Hy- E t

Subsilule. eg' m
H2 E E uwE Ez

E 2 +j wM E =
jwe Ez
E jwe)
E - Me
jw
Ez(b)
jwu

E au H2+

jw Hz
Ez E -
E +w Hz19

These equaBionsare called Colave equations in

eclangulay wae gulde.

 Reclangula Wave Guide TM(Transverse Magnetic Mode
Fo TM wave
HzO Ez#0
To derive the epresSon o Eleckaic and magnefic
freld inensiteso TM mode,
en TM Cuave eguaion

bE=o - O
which is a

parkha differential egua ion

vaTi@bles
Vva7i@blas
This equation Can be solved by Separation of
het Ez= XY x ey a r e tuncHions oTay
Keap)
O:

Y)-o
-

e
--Ah-o hA B
Soludion oe X = Cos BC + C SinBz

Solulion eG Ya cos Ay+Sin Ay

wk Ez-XY
cos A + in A -O
Ea cos Bz CSin Ba )C
+

To delermine elecmic Magnelic elds, Conside bounclaiy

Condiions
 4 Condilions

Ez =o aly-o (ollon ual)

a b (top wal)
E 0
3) z a -0 (Lt coall)o

C (7ighB aall
E2-0o o a
Considet eq" , apply st boundary conditton
Cosa =1
O =C cos B tC 5io B c) ( C3
Sin0= O

Snce the values o vavies o m o to a,

S CosBc Cq5inB) +O
C3O
apply Cs -o e Ez(GcosBBz+ CqSinB2)(G SinA)
Conside1 3T boundany CanditHon,
E2#0 af z-O obob bo b

C C Sin A Since Y vanes rOm

o 6o b
GSin Ay +o Srn Ay 40
C 0 C4assocated withy

CSinAy+o
E SioBr sinAy
Apply2 boundary conditon
& 0 to a
Ez0 , -b Gt O Lostan)
Sin Ab
O C C SinB
Sin Ab =O Sin B+0
Ab n7T . Stn Ab =O

A - nT
b
Ez Ca C Sin Bz Sin( )
 Apply 4 boundaT Condition,
Ez =0 al OC a 0 lo b
CaC4Sin Ba S o Y

Sin Ba O
Sin
BR m T

Le C2C4 Fo R E2 in polailoam

-
mode
w K T

Hz-0

Ec - H) olerived
Rectangula1, wave quid
derivato

E a 5io ( ) Sinor e
snT).c7
Eo Cos (
.

)
- 9z
72
( ) E o Sit ) z .cos() y
9z
9in ()z .

cos(p)} .

e
H oe ( ) Eo

ju(a) cos(m Sin(97)3 e

These ie he electric & Magnetic ield Compoaents TM

mode a Rectangula ave lde
 To-obtain popagation Constant
()
wkt
-tAe
hA+B(0)(
case I-cut oft

takes plate al his heg.

No propagakon

Case 2 - popagalkon

kt tjB
- JB
at enualion cons!)
l o ss less medrum

Cul o quny e CWc , ()

Ccu ve leng4h
wwe u C

phase velocrl p=
 Reclangula7 uave guide - Taansver se Eleclaic CTE) Modes

3n TE mode Ez oB Hz+0

The TE equation isis

Wave
Seme as we
Hz Hz+ Hz--o0 have deTive In TM
mode

& cos Be t CSinB)( s cosA +4Sn Ay)

NOw,
Conside Bounday Conditions

Ez-0o then EcbEy erist

E-o atoc-o

3E 0 a b
-0
onduhon n egualion (2
boun day
AeT SubstituBing z

Hz- Ho Cos ( ) z .cos2 Reclangadad

(as m
dene nda wavee4
ode JU
E2-0

in) . 2

cos
H )4,Sin()z cosar)y . H
Hz z
z +j we Ez
) 4, s ) r .Sin
y -J
 May-201
h e longiludi electaie eld Jo1 TM, mode is given by
E. Sin5z sny eP vlm. Find the eul elfquency of
ol the
mode

Cul off faequenc fe 2e

General Lnpressien
E z in TM mode E Eg so si (T) e

eoopa7ing gTven gueshion 5 .e

C 3x10as

x 3 x103

- 4 . 5r0
Hz
f. Se
-
Anguncay
we 27e
Angula cut off 2 x 3-14xA4rio
28.3x1o 7adls

Cwc- 2- 834X 101 rad l

 Dec 20do
Considea TM3 Pmapagaling Inside Q veclanqula
b= d
wave quide having Q 5Cm, 6Cmn 0,

E9 and Hc- 5in Cas 8 sn (2 1dw

-2.
Delermine i)cal off regueny 11) The phase consBant
The propagalion consland Intrinsic Impedance.
The
a5cm, b 6cm M-ME 16, ma!; n= 3

w -27fa27xi0

f1o
)cut offequn
3o
23t10

3103 0yt+25

32 3rio
X10-2.G
GHz
T 26

phase Conslant Pae -

x163xV.2.6
273x1o8 r ix1o
o

CB-6280 7adks
in) propagation conslant =JP 62 80) s
iv) lolnosic impedana

25.44
V