YU musiite avULatayrot Lias9 wat exeINE ArrayList Class in Java - Explained with Example 121 package It provides a resizable array, which means The AreayList class in Java is part ofthe 5 elements can be added or removed dynamically itis not synchronized, and allows duplicate elements Key Features of ArrayList : + Maintains insertion order + Allows random access like 2r2ys) + Can store duplicate values + Grows automatically when more elements ate acded Basic Syntax: aerayListcrype> Liste = new ArreyLtseeTyperO3 You can use import jave-uéil.Arraylist; to use iin your program. Example: Seport Jovautdareaytists public class ArreyListexemple { +Example: wa coy Brat Import Java-utlL-arrayltsts public class ArrayListixample { public static void main(steing{] args) < arraylistestringy fruits = new arraylisto()s frults.add("Apple"); ‘ruits.add(“Banana"): ‘Frusts.a4("Nongo")s Fruits edd(“Bane "5 // Duplicates are allowed 1 Oisplaying the Arraytist systen.out printin("Fruits list: “+ fruits): systen.out.printin("First fruits ~ 4 frusts.ger(o))s 11 Removing on elenent feulte.renove("Banana"); // Renove systen.out.printin("After removing Banana: ~ + rusts): U Checking size systen.out.printia("size of List: * + frults.size()); 1 seenating through the List Systen-out-printla(“Al fruits"); for (String fruit + fruits) { systen.out.printin fruit);‘Common Methods in ArrayList: Method Description adele) ‘Acids element tothe end sao(int sngee, & 6) ‘Aid element at specific index get(int tndox) Ratuins element at index renove(0bsect 0) Removes first cccumence of object renove(ant ings) Removes clement at index set) Ratuens sumber of elements contains(obiect 0) ‘Checks if element isin st aear() Removes all elementsDetenbe about vectareate wth exam Vector Class in Java ~ Description with Example ‘he vecton classics part of the Jaus.ut ll pactage itimplemants a growable array of object anc synchronized making i hresd-sfe (unlike serayLtst) Key Features of Vector: + Can grow or shrink dynamically + Maintains insertion order + Allows duplicate elements + Thread-ste(omchronizad methods) + Slower than ieayList in single-tweaded environments Basic Syntax: Use fapare Javawees. vectors to ince it Example:=a Amport java-uti.vectors cor Beat public class vectorexauple { public static void mein(String(] args) { U/ Creating 2 Vector of Integers ‘vectorcinceger> numbers = new veczor4>()s 1 Adding elements nurbers.2dd(10); unbers add(29); unbersadd(38); runbers.2d4(20)3 // oypltcates ob lowed 1 visplaytng elements System.out.println("muabers: * + sunbers); UM Accessing elenent systen.out.printIn("Elenent at index 2: " + munbers.get(2)): 1, pesoving an ebement nurbers.renove( integer valueof(2e)): // Renoves First occurrence of 29 Systen.out.println(*After removing 20: " + mumbers); M1 Checking size Systen.out.printin("size: ~ + numbers.size())s U1 Teerating over the vector Systen.cut.println(“All elements:"); For (Integer num: numbers) { ‘Systen.out.printin(num):Common Methods in Vector: Method Description ae ®) ‘Adds element to end adatint insexs £ 6) Aids element at index estlint insex) Returns element at index renove(obiect 0) Removes frst occurence rewove(int index) Removes element at index 260) Returns current size cortaane(onjact 9) Checks if lement i in vector ausro) Clears all elements seem) checks if ectoris emoty sirsteleent©) Returns fst element Aastetenent) Returns last elementExplain about Hashset cass with example HashSet. Class in Java ~ Explanation with Example ‘The fastset cles in Jova is part ofthe java.util peckage. implements the Set interface, backed by @ hashtable, and is used to store unique elements only (no duplicate) Gi Key Features of Hashset: + Does nt alow duplicate elements Docs not maintain insertion order + Allows rl values + Faster aces (uses hashing) Not synchronized (not thread-safe by defult) Basic Syntax: HeskSetctype> settlone = new HeshSet()5 Make sure toimportit using: dmport java.util Wachsee; Examole:Example: = cay vem Anport javacut th tashsets public class HashectExanple { public state vold waln(steteg(] a 1) Creating a MoshSet of Strings aansarcsertng> coureetes = eu ashser63()s of 1 dang eLenents ounces. ac4(“inst countetes.244("USH") 5 couneetese44("cermany")s counter edd(“Indis"); // nuplicate, will be nares 17 Displaying the teshset systen.out.printla("Countelest * + countries): 1 checking for on elenent Systen.ovt.println("Contains USA? * + coumtedes.contalns("USA"))s 1 removing on elenent countetes.renevec"serna09")3 Syten.out.printla("Atter cenoving Germany: ~ + countries): 17 teevating usteg enhanced for Loop systen.sut-prénela(“all countries") for (string country + counertes) ( Syaten.out-println(countey)Explain about Hashtable class with example Hashtable Class in Java - Explanation with Example The Hashtable class in Java is patt ofthe javs.ueit package ancl implements the Map interface. It stores key-value pairs and uses hashing to retrieve values efficiently ke @ dictionary, each key maps to exactly cone val, Key Features of Hashtable: + Stores cata in key-value eis + Keys are unique; valves can be cups + Syehronized thread-safe} + Does not allow nul keys or nll values Slower than Wsehtap due to synchronization Basic Syntax: table = new Hashtable) You must import it Snport jeva-util.Heshtabies Example:publée class tashtabletsonple ( public static void nein(stringl] eras) { 1 Creating @ Hashtable with Integer heys and String values Herhtablecinteger, String> students = new Mechtebleco(); U1 siting key-value pairs ‘students put(2e1, “Alice students.put(ie2, “Sob"); students put(103, “Charlie"); 1 Displaying the Hoshtoble systen.cut.printin("students: * + students); U1 secessing a volue using key Systen.out printin( “Student with 1D 182: ~ + students. get(102)); 1) Renoving a hey-volue pair “students .renove(161)3 Systen.out.printin( "After comoving 10 101: * + students); 11 checking ‘if @ hey exists Systen.out.printin( "contains 30 103? * + students. containekey(193)); 1 Tearating over the Hashtable systen.out.printin("All students:") for (Integer id + students beySet()) { systea.out.printin("s0: "+ 1d +, ane: * + students. get(14)): 8 coypublic class StackOperations { Ocey Year public static void main(stringL] args) £ 1 Creating a Stack of Integers stackernteger> stack ~ new Stacke>()3 Uf pushing elenents (insertion) stack.push(22)3 erack.push(22); erack.push(32); stack.push(4a)3 WU visplaytng the stack systen.out.println("stack: " + stack); U, Peskeing the top elesent (without removing) systen.out.println(*Tap element (peck): * + steck.peck()); 11 Popping elements (renovel. from top) systen.out.printIn("Popped elenent: " + stack.pop())s system.out.printin("Stack after pop: * + stack)s 1 Checking if stack is empty systen.out.println(*Ts stack enpty? " + stack dstmpty()): // Searching for an elenent (returns 1-bazed position from top, -2 if not found) systen.out.printin("Position of 20 from top: ” + stack.search(20))s systen.out.printin( “Position of 0 from top: ~ + stack.zearch(50))s 1) Size of the stack system.out.printin("size of stack: © 4 ecack.etz2())) Uf reeraving through stack systen.out.printin(“All elesents in stac for (int num: stack) { systen.out.println(aun)sSco Beet Sport jeva.util.LinkedList; import java.util. Queves public class queueoperations { public static void main(Stringl) orgs) { UI Creating 2 Quewe of Strings Quevecstring> queue ~ new LinkedListoOe UI adding elenents to the queue (enquewe) queve.offer("ALice"); queve.otfer(“Hob”)s queve.offer("Cherlie"); queve.offer("Datsy"); U7 Displaying the quewe systen.out.println("queve: " + queue); U1 Peeking at the front element (without removing) syster out println("Front element (peek): " + queve.pesk())s 17 wenoving clenents from the queue (dequeve) Systen.outprintln("Reoved: " + queue.poll())5 system.out.printin("queve after poll: ~ + queue); LI Checking if queue ix empty System.out.println("rs queue enpty? * + queue. tstapty())5 W Size of the queue system.out.printin("size of queue: " + queue.size())3 U Tterating over the queue Systen.out.printla("AL1 elements in queve: for (string rane + queue) { systen.out.printin(nane):‘¢ StringTokenizer Class in Java - Explanation with Example ‘The stringTokentzer classi Java (rom the java.util package) is used to break a string Into tokens (smaller pars), often using delimiters ike spaces, commas, or symbols Key Features of StringTokenizer: + Splits sting into muiple tokens + Default delimiter is space + You can specify custom delimiters fg. 5, 5, ~.ete) + Its @ legacy class, sil used but replaced in most cases by string.splE() oF sesaner Constructor Syntax: SteingTokentzer st - new StringTokentzer(String str): // uses defoult deLtntter (space Stringlokenizer st = nes Stringlokentzer(String atr, String deliniter); // custow delinite (String str, String deliniter, boolean returnDelins); Example 1: Using Default Delimiter (space) import jo util stringtabe public class Tokentzertxamplet { public static veid main(String!) mt ce eee epee Stringlokenizer st ~ new StringTokents ence): Ask anythingExample 1: Using Default Delimiter (space) Saport Sova. atl string public less TkericerEramptet { ponlic ctatte vous waiestrtnl] are) system utiprinsin(stenss)y bile (eecasretokene() { Syetenut-printin(et-nxtToten(); , ‘Output:Example 19 Custom Delimiter (comma) Lnpant favauthl. stetagrakentoer; public class tokenizerexaple2 ( public static volé min(string{] StringTokendzer st = nen Stringlotenizer(éat systen.out.printha("#r2")5 iste (st-hastoratokens() systenout printn(st.nextToten())5 Output:ftom the aus ues package: Java Program Using Random Class: sapore jase public less Rendoniers public statte vold mala(Sttag(] args) ( andor rand = new Radon(Dt syaten.otsprintn(10 Rano munbers between © and 200"); for Gt £= OF £¢ 18; HH ne candunner = rand.nextIat (181); // 0 80 100 Cnc syctn.out.gratln(candntunbor) > ? ) Explanation: 1+ Random rand = ne Randn()i ~ creates 2 rendom number oeneater. “+ rantnost T0388) — generates a number from Ota 100 inclusive (upper bound i exch, £0 we paseDiscuss about Scanner ase wth expe ‘© Scanner Class in Java ~ Explanation with Example The Serer dasis part ofthe Jewitt pacage and isused 0 vad input fom vous sourees, including Keyboard (console les stings. Gi Key Features of scanner? Unis mani for keyboard inp 1 Suppons reading aterent data ype nk, date, hein, et 1 Canes input using deren: deters (tut whitespace) Basic Syntax: puet Jae. Sarees ‘Common Methods: ethod eon seve) sesesacounExample 1: Reading Different Data Types from Keyboard public class seannerexample { public static vold nain(Stringl] args) ( Seamer sc = new Scamer(Systen.in)s system outsprint("enter an integers 2 int mum = seanextInt 5 spstemout.print(“Enter a decimal numbers °)s double d = sc.nextDosble()s snerttineOs ‘system out peine("enter your sane: 5 Sering ane = sc.nexttine()s Syatenout.printla("integers * + num): System out peinein(Decinel: * + 4): system out peinela(iones * + nane)z sesetose()4© Example 2: Reading Words Separated by Space Scanner sc = new Scaner(System.ims systemout pine ("enter tno words: *): String word = sesnert()s string word = se.next()t Systensovtprintin("You entered: " ¢ ord #* and "+ ward) Inout Output Gt: 1+ Use nextLine() when you want tread a whole sentence or HineEvaluate Calendar clas with example Celendar Class in Java - Explanation with Example ‘Te Catencer ass in Java (om java. utd package) Is an abstract cass used to peoxm operations ‘elated to date and time, such 25 getting er setting fos ike year, month, day, hour, minute, ete Key Features of Calendar: “+ Suppor: date and time manipulation 1+ Provides constants like calender. VER, Calendar.WEATH, et. ‘+ Replaced in modern lava by Sava,tine,LocaiDate and LocelbeteTine ave 8+), but stil widely used in legacy systems + Can be subelassed by Grepordancatender for typical usage Creating a Calendar Instance: calendar gettnetance()s Example: Disolav Current Date and Time Usina CalendarExample: Display Current Date and Time Using Calendar iva 2 cor Inport Java.uttl calendar: public class CalendorExample ( public static vold main(string() args) { Calendar cal = Calendar. getanstance()s Syatenout.printin("Corrent Date and Tie Infos"): Syaten-out.printla( "Year: * + celaget(Calender.YE8R)): Syaten.out.println( ‘Month: ~ + (cal-get(Calendar MONTH) +19); // Systen.out.println( "Day: "+ cal get(Calender.DAY_0F MONTH): Syaten-out printin( "Your: * + cal-get(Calender.H0U8)); Syaten.out.println( Minute: " + cel.get( Calender MIMJTE))5 Sytem out préneln( “Second Systen.out.println("AN/O: * + (cal get(Calender.A9 PH) 4 eal get(celendaSEco10)); Setting a Specific Date cal. set(Calendar. YEAR, 2225); cal.ret(Calendar MONTH, Calendar OECENBER): // on 23 ‘al. set(Calender.08¥_oF nom, 25): m3"© Generics in Java ~ Explanation with Example {ene allow you to writ type-safe and reusable code, nroduces in Java 5, generics enable cesses, Invertaces, and metnods to operate on objects of various types whe proving compile-time type satey. ‘(@ Why Use Generics? + Type Safety Detects errs compile tine rather han untime, + Code Reusblity ame code wors with citerent datatypes. + Elminates Type Casting: No ned fr xpi castng when reviving eect. G Generic Class Example crete public vod 20 value) { ? pablte T get { , Usage: ec teleteeteneeteeeeTot public state vold aato(String(] age) { Uf sox 20 bald roger onctnteger> into = new Boneo()5 snttox.set(100)5 Systen-out.printin("Integer values ~ + InBox. g8t0)): Uf sox 29 ola Serta ontString> stron = new Bor<0(35 strfowset("ello Gereries"}s systen.out.printn('string value: " + strtoxet());@ Generic with Collections public class Genericcollectionéxample { public static void nein(String{] arse) { aerayListestring? Hat = new ArrayList); // generte enc Lsteada¢"apple")s Hetsadé("asnana”)s for (string fruit + 1st) { Systen.out.printin Fruits ? Bounded Generics Example class Calculatorct extends Maber> ( public dovble square(T mm) ( return nun.doublevalue() * nun.dovblevalue(); )