Prepared by:
Dr. Taghreed Said
Higher technological institute
(H.T.I)
Introduction
Construction
Theory of operation
Types
Equivalent circuit and it’s parameters determination
Power flow
Power torque characteristics
Performance characteristics
Starting method of induction motor
Speed control and braking method of induction motor
The equivalent circuit of a given 3-phase induction motor can be used to
predict and evaluate its performance.
The motor parameters and losses of induction motor can be determined
by two simple tests;
(i) DC Test
(ii) No load test.
(ii) Blocked rotor test.
These tests are very convenient as:
1. they provide the required information without actually loading the motor.
2. Further, the power required to carry out these tests is very small as compared with full-
load output of the motor.
These tests consist of measuring the input voltage, current and power.
1. DC Test:
Aims:- Determination of the parameter 𝑅𝑎 of the synchronous generator.
Constraints:
DC test is performed at variable dc voltage,
to get the resistance of the armature winding
𝑅𝑎 .
Calculation:
The armature resistance can be calculated as follow
𝑉𝑑𝑐
𝑅𝑑𝑐 =
𝐼𝑑𝑐
- If the stator is Y-connected, the per phase stator resistance is
𝑅𝑑𝑐
𝑅𝑎 =
2
– If the stator is delta-connected, the per phase stator resistance is
3
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑅𝑑𝑐
2
A. No-Load Test
Aim:
Determination of the rotational losses, exciting current and the
parameters 𝑅𝑜 and 𝑋𝑜 of the induction motor. The motor parameters and
losses of induction motor
Constraints:
The test is performed by applying balanced rated voltage on the stator
windings at the rated frequency.
The small power provided to the machine is due to core losses, friction
and winding loses.
Machine will rotate at almost a synchronous speed, which makes slip
nearly zero.
A. No-Load Test
➢ The applied voltage 𝑉𝑛𝑙 is measured by the voltmeter, the no load
current 𝐼𝑛𝑙 by ammeter and no-load input power 𝑃𝑛𝑙 by wattmeter
➢ Since no-load current is very small (usually 30 % of rated current).
Copper losses in the motor under no-load condition are negligible as
compared with rotational losses.
A. No-Load Test
(𝑉𝑛𝑙 , 𝐼𝑛𝑙 , 𝑃𝑛𝑙 , ) are measured
(𝑅𝑜 , 𝑋𝑜 and 𝑃𝑖𝑟 )
➢ wattmeter reading practically gives the rotational losses in
the motor.
➢ It is reminded that rotational losses are the same at all loads
B. Blocked Rotor Test
Aim:
Determination of the full load copper losses and the parameters 𝑅1
+ 𝑅2 ′ and 𝑋1 + 𝑋2 ′ of the motor.
Constraints:
The locked rotor test, like short circuit test on a transformer,
provides the information about leakage impedances and rotor
resistance.
Rotor is at the stand still (𝑆 = 1), while low voltage is applied to
stator windings to circulate rated current.
Measure the voltage and power to the phase.
B. Blocked Rotor Test
➢ The applied voltage 𝑉𝑏𝑙 is measured by the voltmeter, the full load
current 𝐼𝑏𝑙 by ammeter and input power 𝑃𝑏𝑙 by wattmeter.
➢ Since applied voltage is very small rotational losses in the motor
under blocked rotor condition are negligible as compared with
copper losses.
B. Blocked Rotor Test
(𝑉𝑏𝑙 , 𝐼𝑏𝑙 , 𝑃𝑏𝑙 , ) are measured
(𝑅1 + 𝑅2 ′ ,𝑋1 + 𝑋2 ′ and 𝑃𝑐𝑢 )
➢ Since applied voltage is very small rotational losses in the
motor under blocked rotor condition are negligible as
compared with copper losses.
➢ It is reminded that copper losses are variable according to
load
Thanks
