Syllabus : Qualifying Test for Environment Auditors

40 Marks Common- Part I

1. Constitution of India and International Conventions
1.1 International Conferences, Conventions and Summits
1.2 The National Environment Policy, 2006
1.3 Constitutional Provisions, Some Important Provisions of Criminal Procedure Code and
Indian Penal Code
1.4 Standards and Norms for Air, water and Hazardous waste pollution

2. Environment Legislation (Fundamentals)

Water (P & Cp) Act, 1974
2.1 Power & functions of regulatory agencies
2.2 Provision relating to prevention and control
2.3 Scheme ofConsent to establish, Consent to operate
2.4 State Water Laboratory
2.5 Penalties for violation
2.6 Provisions for closure/directions in apprehended pollution situation
Air (P & Cp) Act, 1981
2.7 Power & functions of regulatory agencies
2.8 Provision relating to prevention and control
2.9 Scheme of Consent to establish, Consent to operate
2.10 State Air Laboratory
2.11 Penalties for violation of consent conditions
2.12 Provisions for closure/directions in apprehended pollution situation
Environment (Protection) Act 1986:
2.13 Genesis of the Act
2.14 Power & functions of regulatory agencies
2.15 Provision relating to prevention and control
2.16 Scheme of Consent to establish, Consent to operate
2.17 Laboratory under EP Act
2.18 Penalties for violation of consent conditions
2.19 Provisions for closure/directions in apprehended pollution situation
Rules and Notification under EP Act 1986
2.20 The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2016 and amendments
2.21 The Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2016 and amendments
2.22 Coastal Regulation Zone Notification
2.23 E-waste Management Rules 2016 and amendments
2.24 Plastic Waste Management Rules 2016 and amendments
2.25 Municipal Solid Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules 2016 and amendments
2.26 Noise Pollution (regulation and control) Rules 2000, 2017 and amendments
2.27 Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules 2016 and amendments
2.28 EIA Notification 2006 and its amendments
2.29 National Green Tribunal Act 2010: Familiarization with important sections and
clauses of Act
2.30 The Public Liability Insurance Act : Familiarization with important sections and
clauses of Act
2.31 Important Notification, guidelines, circulars issued by MoEF, CPCB and GPCB

3. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:

3.1 Sustainable Development
3.2 Climate Change
3.3 Global Warming and Green House Effect
3.4 Acid Rain
3.5 Depletion of Ozone layer
3.6 Carbon Footprint
3.7 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
3.8 International Steps for Mitigating Global Environmental Change

4. Environmental Audit Scheme:

4.1 Definitions, objectives and benefits
4.2 Applicability of the scheme for Schedule I and II
4.3 Scope of environment audit &Audit procedures
4.4 Pre audit activities
4.5 Activities of site and post audit activities
4.6 Format of Audit Report
4.7 Audit Report – Content, Submission, Time Schedule, fee structure
4.8 Guidelines for Environment Auditors for sample collection and analysis during
environment audit of industries

5. Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production (RECP)

5.1 Concept of Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production (RECP)/Waste
Minimization/ waste reduction
5.2 Cleaner Production Tools
5.3 Case Studies on Cleaner Production
5.4 CP Methodology
5.5 Case studies on C.P (Reduce/Reuse/Recycle/Recover)
5.6 Concept of Circular Economy
5.7 Water Reuse and Recycle in the industry
6. Standards and Norms
6.1 Drinking water standards
6.2 Effluent Standards
6.3 Ambient air quality standards
6.4 Flue Gas Emission & Process Gas Emission Standards
6.5 Noise Emission Standards
7. Hydrosphere
7.1 General and unusual characters of all types of water, Environmental significance
7.2 Impurities in drinking water - physical, chemical, biological
7.3 Origin of water, Occurrence and sources of water
7.4 Hydrosphere and Water resources, Global Distribution of water, Hydrological cycle
and its balance Properties of sea water
8. Atmosphere
8.1 Introduction, structure, Chemical composition of Air, Particles, ions and radicals in
the atmosphere
8.2 Ozone Chemistry
8.3 Thermo chemical and Photochemical reactions in the atmosphere
8.4 Meteorology fundamentals: Pressure, Temperature, Wind, Humidity, Radiation,
Atmospheric stability
8.5 Wind roses, general circulation, Monsoons, Seasons in India.
9. Non-renewable Sources of Energy
9.1 Fossil fuels: Classification, composition, physio-chemical characteristic and energy
content of coal, petroleum and natural gas.
9.2 Mining and uses of coal, oil and natural gas.
10. Renewable Sources of Energy
10.1 Solar Energy
10.2 Wind Energy
10.3 Generation of Hydro Power

11. Solid Waste Management/Hazardous Waste Management

17.1 Introduction
17.2 Methods for collection, Storage, segregation, transportation
17.3 Disposal methods landfills, composting, anaerobic digestion, incineration, pyrolysis.
17.4 Current/Latest Practices
12. Basics of Health and Safety
13. Overall Environment Issue, latest development in environment sector
14. Unit Conversions
15. General knowledge related to field of Environment
 ENVIRONMENT ENGINEER – 60 MARKS – Part IIA
101. Environmental Pollution
101.1 Water Pollution: Water Quality Standards, Sources of Water Pollution,
Classification of water pollutants, Effects of water pollutants
101.2 Air Pollution: Composition of air, Structure of atmosphere, Classification and
sources of common air pollutants like PM, SO2, NOX, Auto exhaust etc., Effects of
common air pollutants
101.3 Noise Pollution: Introduction, Sound and Noise, Noise measurements, Causes
and Effects
101.4 Solid/Hazardous Waste: Generation and management
101.5 Bio-medical Waste: Generation and management
101.6 E-waste: Generation and management
101.7 Odour Pollution

102. Water Technology

102.1 Sources of water
102.2 Impurities in water
102.3 Treatment of Water
102.4 Boiler& Cooling Water Requirements
102.5 Water balance of industry I.e. Process Water Estimation & Wastewater Generation,
Boiler Male-up and Blow down Estimation, Cooling make-up and purge
Estimateion, Wash water Estimation, Domestic Water and Sewage Estimation, DM
Plant and others.

103. Water Resources and Environmental Hydraulics

103.1 Global water resources: Surface water resources , Groundwater Resources
103.2 Environmental Hydraulics

104. Water and wastewater treatment-Unit operations-unit processes

104.1 Effluent Quality and Physical, chemical and biological parameters
104.2 Primary, Secondary and tertiary treatment (Conventional & Latest Technologies)
o Physical processes
o chemical processes
o biological processes
104.3 Mixing, Clarification - Sedimentation; Types; Aeration and gas transfer –
Coagulation and flocculation, coagulation processes
104.4 Stability of colloids - destabilization of colloids transport of colloidal particles,
104.5 Clariflocculation.
104.6 Biological Systems – Types, Design & Operational Parameters
104.7 Adsorption, adsorption equilibria- adsorption isotherms,
104.8 Disinfection - chlorination ; ozonation, UV radiation
104.9 Advance waste water treatments
104.10 IonExchange-processes, Application Membrane Processes, Reverse osmosis,
Ultrafiltration, Electrodyalisis.
104.11 Water/Wastewater Quality Monitoring: Sampling techniques, Preservation of
water sample, Physical and chemical properties of water.
104.12 Zero Liquid Discharge Processes

105. Water Quality Management

105.1 Sources, species and water quality parameters,
105.2 Organic and inorganic pollutants, Heavy metals.
105.3 Sewage, leachates, Dispersal of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems.
105.4 Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification, Eutrophication, Bioindicators.
105.5 Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD.
105.6 Characteristics of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes.

106. Mode of Effluent Disposals and Standards

106.1 Disposal in to Land,
106.2 Disposal in to Rivers,
106.3 Disposal in to Lakes and Oceans
106.4 Public Sewers and
106.5 CETP

107. Design of Effluent Management System i.e. Preliminary, Primary Treatment

Units , Biological Treatment units and Advance Wastewater Treatments
108. Performance Evaluation and Adequacy and Efficiency Evaluation of Effluent
Treatment Plant
109. Operation and Trouble shootings for Preliminary, Primary Treatment Units,
Biological Treatment units and Advance Wastewater Treatments.
110. Energy Consumption and Chemicals for Effluent Treatment Plant
111. Treatment for concentrated industrial waste: Incineration, Evaporation:
Natural & forced evaporation, Spray Dryers, MVR, ATFD.
112. Pollution load calculation
112.1 Hydraulic load
112.2 Measurement of Organic Pollutants of waste water
Parameters - BOD, COD &TOC,NH3-N
Effluent Organic Load Estimation- BOD, COD &TOC
Factors affecting BOD test, BOD equations, methods of estimating BOD,
112.3 Emission load
113. Air quality management
113.1 Air pollutants – Sources and classification of pollutants and their effect on human
health vegetation and property
113.2 Reactions of pollutants and their effects
113.3 Atmospheric diffusion of pollutants - Transport, transformation and deposition of
air contaminants
113.4 Air sampling & pollution measurement methodsas per CPCB standards
113.5 Ambient air quality and emission standards
113.6 Types and Process of Air Quality monitoring – Ambient Air Quality monitoring,
Source Air Quality monitoring, Selection of monitoring sites, Sampling
time,Sampling Location, Frequency & mode of sampling.

114. Control of Particulates and Gaseous Pollutants

114.1 Particulates Pollutants :Introduction, working Principle, Design Adequacy,
Construction, Components, Industrial applications, performance parameters for
o Gravity Settler
o Venturi Scrubber
o Cyclone separator
o Bag filters
o Electrostatic precipitator
114.2 Gaseous Pollutants: Introduction, working Principle, Design Adequacy,
Construction, Components, Industrial applications, performance parameters for
o Control of Sulphur Oxides
o Control of Nitrogen Oxides
o Control of VOCs
o Control of NH3
o Control of Cl and HCl
o Control of acid mist

115. Hazardous waste management:

115.1 classification and Generation of HW
115.2 Mode of Treatment, Mode of Storage and Mode of Disposal of HW.
115.3 Leachate Management
115.4 Use of environmental sound technologies for treatment and disposal of hazardous
wastes including recycling and goal of minimizing HWs.
115.5 Treatment and disposal methods of HW. TSDF, Incineration System, Co-processing
115.6 Physico-chemical processes, biological process, stabilization and
solidification; Thermal methods.
115.7 Sludge handling and management

116. Common Effluent Treatment plants: Need, concept and treatment technologies
117. Pre Processing and Co processing of Haz waste
118. Industrial Fuels, Combustions, Air to Fuel Ratios and Flue Gas Emissions and
Control Technologies.
119. Flue/Process Gas Emissions and Control Technologies.
120. Green Belt Development
121. Design adequacy of pollution control devices such as ETP, Stack height, air
pollution control Equipments to achieve norms
122. Adequacy of Pollution Control Devices/Treatment facility such as ETP, CETP,
Stack Equipment to achieve norms
123. Basics of Significance, Sampling, Preservation and analysis of key parameters
like:
For Water: pH, BOD, COD, DO, Amonical Nitrogen, TDS, SS, Hardness,
For Air: PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2
For hazardous Waste: Leachate Preparation, Calorific Value ,TOC and TCLP
test etc.
 CHEMICAL ENGINEER – 60 MARKS- Part IIB
201. Environmental Pollution
201.1 Water Pollution: Water Quality Standards, Sources of Water Pollution,
Classification of water pollutants, Effects of water pollutants
201.2 Air Pollution: Composition of air, Structure of atmosphere, Classification and
sources of common air pollutants like PM, SO2, NOX, Auto exhaust etc., Effects of
common air pollutants
201.3 Noise Pollution: Introduction, Sound and Noise, Noise measurements, Causes
and Effects
201.4 Solid/Hazardous Waste: Generation and management
201.5 Bio-medical Waste: Generation and management
201.6 E-waste: Generation and management
201.7 Odour Pollution

202. Water Technology

202.1 Sources of water
202.2 Impurities in water
202.3 Treatment of Water
202.4 Boiler& Cooling Water Requirements
202.5 Water balance of industry I.e. Process Water Estimation & Wastewater Generation,
Boiler Male-up and Blow down Estimation, Cooling make-up and purge
Estimateion, Wash water Estimation, Domestic Water and Sewage Estimation, DM
Plant and others.

203. Water and wastewater treatment-Unit operations-unit processes

203.1 Effluent Quality and Physical, chemical and biological parameters
203.2 Primary, Secondary and tertiary treatment (Conventional & Latest Technologies)
o Physical processes
o chemical processes
o biological processes
203.3 Mixing, Clarification - Sedimentation; Types; Aeration and gas transfer –
Coagulation and flocculation, coagulation processes
203.4 Stability of colloids - destabilization of colloids transport of colloidal particles,
203.5 Clariflocculation.
203.6 Biological Systems – Types, Design & Operational Parameters
203.7 Adsorption, adsorption equilibria- adsorption isotherms,
203.8 Disinfection - chlorination ; ozonation, UV radiation
203.9 Advance waste water treatments
203.10 IonExchange-processes, Application Membrane Processes, Reverse osmosis,
Ultrafiltration, Electrodyalisis.
203.11 Water/Wastewater Quality Monitoring: Sampling techniques, Preservation of
water sample, Physical and chemical properties of water.
203.12 Zero Liquid Discharge Processes

204. Air quality management

204.1 Air pollutants – Sources and classification of pollutants and their effect on human
health vegetation and property
204.2 Reactions of pollutants and their effects
204.3 Atmospheric diffusion of pollutants - Transport, transformation and deposition of
air contaminants
204.4 Air sampling & pollution measurement methodsas per CPCB standards
204.5 Ambient air quality and emission standards
204.6 Types and Process of Air Quality monitoring – Ambient Air Quality monitoring,
Source Air Quality monitoring, Selection of monitoring sites, Sampling
time,Sampling Location, Frequency & mode of sampling.

205. Control of Particulates and Gaseous Pollutants

205.1 Particulates Pollutants :Introduction, working Principle, Design Adequacy,
Construction, Components, Industrial applications, performance parameters for
o Gravity Settler
o Venturi Scrubber
o Cyclone separator
o Bag filters
o Electrostatic precipitator
205.2 Gaseous Pollutants: Introduction, working Principle, Design Adequacy,
Construction, Components, Industrial applications, performance parameters for
o Control of Sulphur Oxides
o Control of Nitrogen Oxides
o Control of VOCs
o Control of NH3
o Control of Cl and HCl
o Control of acid mist
206. Fuel and Combustion
206.1 Approved fuel and their applications
206.2 Calorific Value, Characteristics of good fuel, Stochiometric Air Requirement
206.3 Analysis of coal – ultimate and proximate analysis
206.4 Excess Air and ratios of CO, CO2 & O2

207. Hazardous waste management:

207.1 classification and Generation of HW
207.2 Mode of Treatment, Mode of Storage and Mode of Disposal of HW.
207.3 Leachate Management
207.4 Use of environmental sound technologies for treatment and disposal of hazardous
wastes including recycling and goal of minimizing HWs.
207.5 Treatment and disposal methods of HW. TSDF, Incineration System, Co-processing
207.6 Physico-chemical processes, biological process, stabilization and
solidification; Thermal methods.
208. Industrial Boilers & Furnaces
209. Flue and Process Gas Emissions and Control Technologies.

210. Chemical Unit Operations & Processes

211. Manufacturing process of basic chemicals like H2SO4, HNO3, HCl and
Na2CO3 etc
212. Water Consumption and Solvent Consumption in Process
213. Effluent Generation and Air Emission from Process
214. Recoveries and HW generation per ton of product
215. Design adequacy of pollution control devices such as ETP, Stack height, air
pollution control Equipments to achieve norms

216. Basics Heat Transfer Operations

216.1 Basics of Heat Transfer- Conduction, Convection, Radiation
216.2 Evaporation
216.3 Heat Exchangers

217. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

217.1 Heat effects
217.2 law of thermodynamics
217.3 Thermodynamic properties of fluid
217.4 Thermodynamics of flow process
217.5 Refrigeration & Liquefaction

218. Concept of Mass & Energy Balance and Basic Stochiometric Calculations

219. Mass Transfer Operations

219.1 Distillation – Vapor Liquid Equilibrium, Steam distillation, Batch distillation,
Azeotropic distillation, Fractional distillation
219.2 Humidification
219.3 Absorption and stripping, Type of Solvent, Solvent Properties, Characteristics
and Requirement, Solvent Recovery
219.4 Applications of Gas Absorption & Stripping
219.5 Adsorption – Adsorbent properties & selection
219.6 Adsorption and desorption
219.7 Drying
219.8 Crystallization
219.9 Evaporation,
219.10 Liquid- Liquid extraction
219.11 Solvent selection
219.12 Steam Recovery
220. Concept of Unit Processes: Sulphonation, Nitration, Halogenation etc.
221. Basics of Significance, Sampling, Preservation of key parameters like:
For Water: pH, BOD, COD, DO, Amonical Nitrogen, TDS, SS, Hardness,
For Air: PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2
For hazardous Waste: Leachate Preparation, Calorific Value and TOC etc.
 CHEMIST – 60 Marks – Part IIC1
301. Wastewater Sampling: Types of Samples, Sample Size, Frequency, Sampling
Instrument and Container, Sample Preservation
302. Principal and Methodology of Analysis of
302.1 Water samples - pH, Acidity, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium,
Chloride, COD, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen, Ammonical Nitrogen, Oil & Grease, Sulphate,
Phenol, Colour, Solids and others
302.2 Wastewater samples - pH, Acidity, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium,
Chloride, COD, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen, Ammonical Nitrogen, Oil & Grease, Sulphate,
Phenol, Colour, Solids and others
302.3 Analytical Techniques of Ambient Air Quality and Stack Gas Monitoring:
Ambient air Quality samples, - Determination of SPM, CO, NOx , Sox and others
Flue and process gas emission samples - Determination of SPM, CO, NOx , Sox and
others
302.4 Hazardous and solid waste samples - Leachate Preparation, Calorific Value and TOC
etc.
303. Standardization, Preparation of standard solutions and buffer, Calibration and
Principles of instruments related to waste water analysis, air samples analysis,
hazardous solid waste and soil analysis
304. Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique for members of the coliform group,
Membrane Filter Technique for members of Coliform group, washing
Sterilization, Inoculation Technique. , Incubation
305. Quality Control, Quality Assurance and Safety Measures in Laboratory. Quality
Control For Laboratory Practices, Accreditation of Laboratory
306. National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL),
Good Laboratory Practices, Preparation of Analysis Report
307. Environmental quality measurement laboratory
308. Physical and chemical characteristics of water
309. Toxicity for Fish, Toxicity Factor, Bioassay Test on Fish.
310. Study of laboratory equipment
311. Air Quality Management
311.1 Air pollutants.
311.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring - Criteria Parameters NOX, SOX, PM2.5, PM10
312. Eco System, Ecology and environment, Biodiversity and Conservation
313. Residual chlorine analysis, Optimum coagulant dose.
314. Environmental Chemistry
315. Distribution of microorganisms - Water, Air and Soil, Indicator organisms
316. General Chemistry
316.1 Basics of physical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical
chemistry
316.2 Principles of Physical Chemistry: Reversible Reactions, Equilibrium constant, Le-
Chatelier principle, Reaction Rate Order and molecularity.
316.3 Analytical Chemistry : Analytical Objectives, Data Handling and Good
Laboratory Practice (GLP), Sampling and Calibration Methods, Fundamentals
and application of Spectrophotometry, Sample Preparation Techniques,
Chromatographic Methods.
317. Analytical Techniques: Measurement and understanding of pH, Conductance,
and Potential, Spectroscopic techniques: Principles of Spectroscopy and
Selection rules. UV-Visible Spectroscopy and its Application, IR
spectroscopy of diatomic molecules and its application.
317.1 Spectroscopic Method/Technique: Various ranges of the electromagnetic
spectrum and their interaction with matter. Beer- Lambert law. UV. VIS, IR
Spectrophotometry, Applications in the analysis of air, water and soil samples.
Turbidity and Nephelometry. Determination of turbidity, Sulphate in water.
Flame-Photometry and atomic absorption Spectrophotometry. Metal Ions in
water, soil and waste samples.
317.2 Chromatography Technique: Chromatographic Methods- Definition, Theory of
chromatographic separation, Stationary and Mobile phase. Classification of
chromatographic separation. Gas Chromatography – instrumentation. Detector,
FID, ECD and TCD. GC-MS and GC-AES, Application of chromatographic methods
in the Environmental analysis with reference to Hydrocarbons in air samples,
Phenol, Pesticides in the water samples, solvent extraction and Ion exchange.
317.3 Centrifugation
317.4 Principle of sophisticated and advanced analytical instruments
318. Environmental Science:
318.1 Natural and Biological Environment : Biological Communities and Ecosystem,
Terrestrial Biomes and Forest Resources, Mineral and Food Resources, Conservation
of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Natural and Biological
Environmental
318.2 Environmental Issues and Impacts: The Atmosphere and Acid Rain, Stratospheric
Ozone and Tropospheric Chemistry, Global Warming and Climate Change, Radiation
Hazardous and Environmental Degradation.
318.3 Energy and Environment: Energy Flow and Equilibrium, Energy Production and
Management, Non-Conventional and Biological Energy, Energy from Wastes.
318.4 Environment and Soil: Soil Composition, Formation and Morphology, Physical
Properties of Soil, Soil Water Properties, Chemical and Acidic Properties of Soil.
319. Basics of Significance, Sampling, Preservation and analysis of key parameters
like: For Water: pH, BOD, COD, DO, Amonical Nitrogen, TDS, SS, Hardness,
For Air: PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2
For hazardous Waste: Leachate Preparation, Calorific Value, TOC and TCLP test
etc.
 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE – 60 Marks – Part IIC2
351. Wastewater Sampling: Types of Samples, Sample Size, Frequency, Sampling
Instrument and Container, Sample Preservation
352. Principal and Methodology of Analysis
352.1 Water samples - pH, Acidity, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium,
Chloride, COD, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen, Ammonical Nitrogen, Oil & Grease, Sulphate,
Phenol, Colour, Solids and others
352.2 Wastewater samples - pH, Acidity, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium,
Chloride, COD, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen, Ammonical Nitrogen, Oil & Grease, Sulphate,
Phenol, Colour, Solids and others
352.3 Analytical Techniques of Ambient Air Quality and Stack Gas Monitoring:
Ambient air Quality samples, - Determination of SPM, CO, NOx , Sox and others
Flue and process gas emission samples - Determination of SPM, CO, NOx , Sox and
others
352.4 Hazardous and solid waste samples - Leachate Preparation, Calorific Value and TOC
etc.
353. Standardization, Preparation of standard solutions and buffer solutions,
Calibration and Principles of instruments related to waste water analysis, air
samples analysis, hazardous solid waste
354. Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique for members of the coliform group,
Membrane Filter Technique for members of Coliform group, washing
Sterilization, Inoculation Technique. , Incubation
355. Quality Control, Quality Assurance and Safety Measures in Laboratory. Quality
Control for Laboratory Practices.
356. Toxicity for Fish, Toxicity Factor, Bioassay Test on Fish.
357. Eco System, Ecology and environment, Biodiversity and Conservation
358. Study of laboratory equipment
359. Physical and chemical characteristics of water
360. Biodiversity and Conservation
360.1 Biodiversity
360.2 Importance of Biodiversity
360.3 Threats to Biodiversity
360.4 Conservation of Biodiversity
361. Natural Resources Management and Sustainability
Natural Resources and Conservation:
361.1 Resource and resource degradation
361.2 Resource availability and factors influencing its availability
361.3 Green revolution.
361.4 Importance of forest: Ecological and economical (Major and minor forest
produce),
361.5 Available area for social forestry ,and rural development.
361.6 Sustainable energy strategy
361.7 Principles of energy conservation and Renewable energy potential in India.
361.8 Basic Introduction on wetlands Conservation and its relevance to Environment

Water Resources:
361.9 Surface water: Lakes, Ponds, Streams, Rivers,
361.10 Storage reservoir
361.11 Ground Water: Open wells, Tube wells, Artesian wells, Springs, Infiltration.
361.12 Utilization of water
361.13 Water Budget.
361.14 Artificial recharge, Farm ponds, Percolation tanks, Rain water harvesting.

362. Air quality management

362.1 Air pollutants – Sources and classification of pollutants and their effect on human
health vegetation and property
362.2 Reactions of pollutants and their effects
362.3 Atmospheric diffusion of pollutants - Transport, transformation and deposition
of air contaminants
362.4 Air sampling & pollution measurement methods
362.5 Ambient air quality and emission standards
362.6 Air Quality Monitoring: Types and Process of Air Quality monitoring – Ambient
Air Quality monitoring, Source Air Quality monitoring, Selection of monitoring
sites, Sampling time, Frequency & mode of sampling.
363. Water Quality Management:
363.1 Sources, species and water quality parameters,
363.2 Organic and inorganic pollutants, Heavy metals.
363.3 Sewage, leachates, Dispersal of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems.
363.4 Bioaccumulation, Biomagnifications, Eutrophication, Bioindicators.
363.5 Bacteriological examination,
363.6 Dissolved Oxygen, BOD, COD.
363.7 Characteristics of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes.
363.8 Effects on receiving water bodies and Waterborne diseases.

364. Basics of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary treatment of wastewater

365. Environmental Toxicology
365.1 Environmental Toxicity: Introduction to toxicology, definition of toxicity and
related terms, effective dosage.
366. Hazardous waste management:
366.1 classification and Generation of HW
366.2 Leachate Management
366.3 Use of environmental sound technologies for treatment and disposal of
hazardous wastes including recycling and goal of minimizing HWs.
366.4 Treatment and disposal methods of HW.
366.5 Physico-chemical processes,biological process, stabilization and solidification;
Thermal methods.
367. Analytical Techniques: Measurement and understanding of pH,
Conductance, and Potential, Spectroscopic techniques: Principles of
Spectroscopy and Selection rules. UV-Visible Spectroscopy and its
Application, IR spectroscopy of diatomic molecules and its application.
367.1 Spectroscopic Method/Technique: Various ranges of the electromagnetic
spectrum and their interaction with matter. Beer- Lambert law. UV. VIS, IR
Spectrophotometry, Applications in the analysis of air, water and soil samples.
Turbidity and Nephelometry. Determination of turbidity, Sulphate in water. Flame-
Photometry and atomic absorption Spectrophotometry. Metal Ions in water, soil and
waste samples.
367.2 Chromatography Technique: Chromatographic Methods- Definition, Theory of
chromatographic separation, Stationary and Mobile phase. Classification of
chromatographic separation. Gas Chromatography – instrumentation. Detector, FID,
ECD and TCD. GC-MS and GC-AES, Application of chromatographic methods in the
Environmental analysis with reference to Hydrocarbons in air samples, Phenol,
Pesticides in the water samples, solvent extraction and Ion exchange.
368. Centrifugation
369. Principle of sophisticated and advanced analytical instruments
370. Principle of sophisticated and advanced analytical instruments
371. Environmental Management and Planning
372. General Chemistry
372.1 Basics of physical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical
chemistry

373. Basics of Significance, Sampling, Preservation and analysis of key

parameters like:
For Water: pH, BOD, COD, DO, Amonical Nitrogen, TDS, SS, Hardness,
For Air: PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2
For hazardous Waste: Leachate Preparation, Calorific Value, TOC and TCLP test
etc.
 MICROBIOLOGIST- 60 Marks- Part IID
401. Wastewater Sampling: Types of Samples, Sample Size, Frequency, Sampling
Instrument and Container, Sample Preservation
402. Principal and Methodology of Analysis
402.1 Water samples - pH, Acidity, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium,
Chloride, COD, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen, Ammonical Nitrogen, Oil & Grease, Sulphate,
Phenol, Colour, Solids and others
402.2 Wastewater samples - pH, Acidity, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium,
Chloride, COD, BOD, Dissolved Oxygen, Ammonical Nitrogen, Oil & Grease, Sulphate,
Phenol, Colour, Solids and others
402.3 Analytical Techniques of Ambient Air Quality and Stack Gas Monitoring:
Ambient air Quality samples, - Determination of SPM, CO, NOx , Sox and others
Flue and process gas emission samples - Determination of SPM, CO, NOx , Sox and
others
402.4 Hazardous and solid waste samples - Leachate Preparation, Calorific Value and TOC
etc.

403. Standardization, Preparation of standard solutions and buffer solutions,

Calibration and Principles of instruments related to waste water analysis, air
samples analysis, hazardous solid waste
404. Multiple Tube Fermentation Technique for members of the coliform group,
Membrane Filter Technique for members of Coliform group, washing
Sterilization, Inoculation Technique. , Incubation
405. Quality Control, Quality Assurance and Safety Measures in Laboratory. Quality
Control For Laboratory Practices.
406. Physical and chemical characteristics of water
407. Toxicity for Fish, Toxicity Factor, Bioassay Test on Fish.
408. Study of laboratory equipment
409. Air Quality Management
409.1 Air pollutants.
409.2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring - Criteria Parameters NOX, SOX, PM2.5, PM10
410. Eco System, Ecology and environment, Biodiversity and Conservation
411. General Chemistry
411.1 Basics of physical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical
chemistry

For hazardous Waste: Leachate Preparation, Calorific Value, TOC and TCLP test
etc.
412. Bioremediation, industrial microbiology, bio indicator
413. Microbiology of water and waste water
413.1 Drinking Water :Microbial indicator of fecal pollution, Nuisance organisms in water,
water-borne diseases, Bacteriological examination of drinking water, Standard
plate count, Determination of MPN of coliforms in water.
413.2 Purification of drinking water : Sedimentation, filtration and disinfection
413.3 Microbiology of waste water :Types of waste water, chemical and
microbiological characteristic of waste water, BOD,COD and TOD as indicator of
strength of waste water
414. Environmental Microbiology
414.1 Characteristics of diverse groups of microorganisms
414.2 Classification of microorganisms; Microbial diversity; Plant-microbe and soil-
microbe interactions
414.3 Role of microorganisms in wastewater treatment
414.4 Bioremediation and biogeochemical cycling.
414.5 Growth and control of microorganisms: Bacterial nutrition and growth;
Specific growth rate and doubling time; Monod’s model; Types of culture media;
Batch and continuous culture; Effects of environmental factors on growth;
Control of microbes using physical and chemical methods.
414.6 Microbiology and health: Pathogens and modes of transmission; Indicator
organisms; Quantification of coliforms using MPN and membrane filtration
techniques.
415. The Microbial world:
415.1 Distribution of microorganisms in natural habitats
415.2 Introduction to prokaryotes
415.3 Introduction to eukaryotes
415.4 Acellular entities (viruses, viroids, prions),
415.5 Techniques used to study microorganisms,
415.6 Microscopy, (I) Principles of Microscopy, magnification and resolving power, (II)
Light microscopy: Simple and compound microscope, bright field and dark field
microscopy,
415.7 Staining, (I) Dyes and stains: Definition, acidic, basic dyes and leuco compounds.
416. Principles of Microbial control:
416.1 General principles: Control by killing, inhibition and removal,
416.2 Physical agents of microbial control: (I) Heat, (II) Radiation, (III) Osmotic
pressure, (IV) Filtration.
416.3 Chemical agents of microbial control: Ideal antimicrobial agent, Major groups of
antimicrobial agents: (I) Phenols, (II) Halogens, (III) Surfactants, (IV) Alcohols,
(V) Heavy metals, (VI) Gaseous agents.

417. Biomolecules: Microbial Nutrition and Introduction to Metabolism

417.1 Modes of Nutritional uptake: Entry of nutrients in cell, Passive diffusion,
facilitated diffusion and active transport.,
417.2 Classification of bacteria on the basis of growth supporting environmental
factors such as oxygen, temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, salt and
hydrostatic pressure.
417.3 Introduction to microbial metabolism,(i) Anabolism, catabolism, primary and
secondary metabolism, (ii) Role of reducing power, precursor metabolites
and energy rich compounds in cell metabolism.
418. Microbial growth:
418.1 Methods of reproduction in bacteria and new cell formation,
418.2 Introduction to growth rate, generation time,
418.3 Criteria for growth measurement: Cell mass and Cell number, methods of
their measurement,
418.4 Normal growth curve of bacteria,
418.5 Continuous growth and synchronous growth.,

419. Basics of Significance, Sampling, Preservation and analysis of key parameters

like:
For Water: pH, BOD, COD, DO, Amonical Nitrogen, TDS, SS, Hardness,
For Air: PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2

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