WOLKITE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURSE

DEPARTEMENT OF WILDLIFE AND ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT

ROLE OF BISHOFTU LAKES FOR ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT, EAST SHEWA,

OROMIA, ETHIOPIA

BY: Lidiya : Kebu

Advisor:- Dereje Chukala (MSc)

RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE AND

ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT,COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL
RESOURCE,WOLKITE UNIVERSITY,IN FULFILMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE BACHELOR SCIENCE DEGREE IN WILDLIFE AND
ECOTOURISM MANAGEMENT

March,2025

Wolikite,Ethiopia
APPROVEL SHEET
As member of the examiners of the Bachelor degree (BSc) thesis open defence
examination, we have read and evaluated this prepared by lidiya kebu entitled the
Role of Bishoftu Lakes for Ecotourism development, East Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia..
We here by certify that and thes is accepted for fulfilling the requirements for the
award of the degree of Bachelor science (BSc) in wildlife conservation and
Ecotourism Management.

Board of Examiners
….……………………………………………. signature…………………………………….. Date
Name of External Examiner
….………………………………………….
Name of Internal Examiner
….……………………………………….
Name of Chair Person
DECLARATION
The researchers conforms that the study in entitled with Role of lake Bishoftu for
Ecotourism development, central Ethiopia . is my original work and is being
submitted to Department of wildlife and ecotourism management, college of
Agriculture and natural resource, Wolkite university in partial fulfillment for the
award of BA degree in wildlife and Ecotourism management. This research has not
been submitted earlier to and other institution.
Acknowledgment
Foremost and above all, I would like to thank the Almighty GOD for giving me
strength and wisdom to successfully complete this thesis work. A research is a
combined effort of student‟s skill and knowledge under the precious guidance of
advisors. Therefore, I would like to thank my advisor MR Dereje Chukala for helping
me to select the topic for my thesis, supervising, encouraging and guiding me at each
step. I value the indefatigable and skillful way in which my thesis was shaped by him.
He provided both technical insight and a broad overview essential to this thesis. In
addition, I would like to thank wolkite University College of wildlife and University
ecotourism management for giving me this opportunity. I would also like to
acknowledge for the encouragement, patience and support provided by my family and
friends who have shared all the pain in coming up with this work. Finally yet
importantly, I thank concerned offices of Bishoftu Townw
Abbreviations
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of appendix Tables
List of appendix Figures
ABSTRACT
This study aims to assess the roles and challenges of the Bishoftu Lakes in promoting
ecotourism development in the East Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. Addressing the
existing research gap, this investigation conducts a comprehensive scientific inquiry
into the specific contributions and obstacles associated with utilizing the Bishoftu
Lakes for ecotourism in the region. The study examines the potential of the lakes to
attract tourists and the difficulties encountered in developing sustainable ecotourism
initiatives. The research methodology includes primary data collection through
interviews with local communities, tourism operators, and relevant stakeholders,
alongside field observations of the lake environments and existing tourism activities.
Observational techniques provide insights into the current state of the lakes, tourist
activities, and potential environmental impacts. Structured and semi-structured
interviews capture quantitative and qualitative data regarding the perceived roles of
the lakes in ecotourism and the challenges hindering their sustainable development.
Focus group discussions involve local residents, business owners, and environmental
experts to gather diverse perspectives. The analysis of data utilizes a mixed-methods
approach, including qualitative techniques such as thematic analysis and content
analysis, as well as quantitative descriptive statistics. Findings are expected to
demonstrate the potential roles of the Bishoftu Lakes in supporting ecotourism
through their natural beauty, biodiversity, and recreational opportunities, while also
highlighting challenges related to environmental degradation, infrastructure
limitations, community involvement, and regulatory frameworks. The study findings
will likely underscore the importance of addressing environmental concerns and
fostering community participation to maximize the benefits of ecotourism.
Recommendations will focus on strategies for sustainable ecotourism development,
including responsible tourism practices, infrastructure improvements, community
empowerment, and effective management policies. In conclusion, this research
emphasizes the potential and existing hurdles in leveraging the Bishoftu Lakes for
ecotourism development in East Shewa, providing valuable insights for policymakers,
local communities, and other stakeholders to sustainably manage and promote
ecotourism in the area while mitigating associated challenges.
 Chapter One

Introduction
1.1. Background of the Study
Tourism encompasses the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places
outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,
business and other purposes. It is a promising income-generating business venture and
alternative option for developing the livelihood of the rural community since it does
not require year’s long vocational trainings (Rannersmann, 2003).

Tourism development renders various economic, socio-cultural and environmental

changes on the host community‟s life, some more beneficial than others (Lee, 2013).
It is seen by all those involved as having the potential to utilize local natural resources
to diversify the local economy (Ajala,2008; Horn and Tahi, 2009). Tourism is widely
perceived as an economic development tool for the local community, providing
factors that may improve quality of life such as employment and investments
opportunities, tax revenues, accommodation services, natural and cultural attractions,
festivals, and outdoor recreation opportunities (Brida, Disegna &Osti, 2014).

Tourism can have both positive and negative outcomes and that residents‟ support is
essential for sustainable tourism growth (Chen, 2001; Ramchander, 2004; Andriotis,
2005). Because the positive attitude of residents is very important to create a
hospitable and attractive environment for visitor satisfaction and repeat visitation,
determining local residents‟ perception of tourism development and its impacts plays
a vital role in the future success of a destination.

Ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment,

sustains the well-being of local people, and involves interpretation and education
(TIES). The significance of ecotourism lies in its ability to balance environmental
conservation with social and economic benefits (Honey,M,2008).It plays a vital role
in preserving natural habitats, protecting biodiversity, and promoting sustainable use
of resources (IUCN). By generating income for local communities, ecotourism
empowers them and provides an incentive to safeguard their cultural and
environmental heritage.
The Lakes and resort in Bishoftu, East Shewa, Ethiopia, which are existed in Bishoftu
town, have high potential for natural and cultural tourist attraction and different
economic values for the town as well as for the country at large.

Bishoftu, often referred to as the "City of Seven Lakes," boasts a collection of

stunning crater lakes formed by ancient volcanic activity. These lakes, including
Lake Bishoftu , Hora Harsadii, Babogaya, Kuriftu, Chelekleka, Green Lake
(Magarisa) and Kilole. These all are offer breathtaking views, diverse wildlife, and
recreational opportunities. Bishoftu's lakes play a significant role in the development
of the region's tourism industry, attracting visitors with their unique beauty and
cultural significance. The annual Irrecha festival, a major Oromo cultural celebration,
takes place at Lake Hora Harsadi, further enhancing the area's appeal. With ongoing
efforts to improve infrastructure and promote sustainable tourism, Bishoftu's lakes are
poised to become even more popular destinations which contributing to the growth of
Ethiopia's tourism sector.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Ecotourism, which emphasizes sustainable travel, environmental conservation, and

community involvement, has gained global recognition as a means to promote
economic growth while preserving natural ecosystems. In Ethiopia, ecotourism is
increasingly seen as a viable strategy for fostering sustainable development,
particularly in areas rich in natural resources like Bishoftu.

Bishoftu, located in central Ethiopia, is renowned for its scenic landscapes and natural
attractions, particularly its lakes, which are a significant draw for both national and
international tourists. Among these, Lake Bishoftu stands out as a key natural
resource with immense potential for ecotourism development.

However, despite the presence of these unique natural resources, several challenges
impede the development of a thriving ecotourism sector in town. One of the most
pressing issues is environmental degradation, pollution from agricultural runoff,
unregulated waste disposal, and human activities such as illegal fishing and
deforestation are contributing to the decline in water quality and overall ecological
health of the lakes. The degradation not only threatens the lakes' ecosystems but also
reduces their appeal to tourists seeking pristine and well-preserved natural
environments.

The lack of research on Lake Bishoftu's role in ecotourism development represents a

significant gap in understanding how this natural resource can contribute to
sustainable tourism practices. Specifically, there is a need to investigate how Lake
Bishoftu can be integrated into ecotourism strategies, the potential economic and
environmental benefits it offers, and the challenges that may hinder its development
as an ecotourism destination. Furthermore, the perspectives of local communities,
who play a critical role in the success of ecotourism initiatives, have not been
adequately explored.

This study, therefore, seeks to address this gap by examining the role of Lake
Bishoftu in ecotourism development . The research was focus on understanding the
ecological significance of the lake, its potential as an ecotourism attraction, and the
challenges and opportunities associated with its development. .

By investigating these aspects, the study aims to provide valuable insights into how
Lake Bishoftu can be leveraged for ecotourism development, contributing to the
broader goals of environmental conservation, economic growth, and community
empowerment in Bishoftu and central Ethiopia. The findings of this research was
inform policymakers, tourism planners, and stakeholders on strategies to promote
sustainable ecotourism practices that benefit both the environment and local
communities.

1.3 Objectives of the study

1.3.1 General Objective

 The main objective of this study will be:-To assess Role of Bishoftu town
lakes for Ecotourism development, East Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia
1.3.2 Specific Objectives

 To assess roles of Bishoftu Lakes for ecotourism development in the study area.

 To identify and analyze the major challenges hindering the development of

ecotourism in Bishoftu town.

 To propose and evaluate strategies that can be implemented to enhance

ecotourism development in Bishoftu.

1.4 Research questions

 What are the key roles of Bishoftu Lakes in promoting ecotourism development?

 What are the major challenges hindering ecotourism development in Bishoftu

town?

 What strategies can be implemented to enhance ecotourism development in

Bishoftu?

1.5 Significance of the study

Studying the "Role of Lakes in Bishoftu town for Ecotourism Development" will hold
profound significance as it will illuminate the pivotal role of Bishoftu's lakes in
advancing the local economy, preserving the environment, and enriching community
well-being. As ecotourism continues to emerge as a sustainable paradigm for tourism,
this research will underscore the lakes' immense potential to drive economic growth
through income generation, employment creation, and the enhancement of local
livelihoods. Furthermore, it will highlight the ecological significance of these lakes,
emphasizing their biodiversity and their contribution to sustainable ecotourism
ventures. By delving into these dimensions, the study will offer critical insights into
harmonizing economic progress with environmental stewardship. It will serve as a
resource for policymakers, local authorities, and stakeholders, equipping them with
strategies to foster ecotourism while safeguarding Bishoftu's unique natural and
cultural heritage. Beyond its academic contributions, the research will promote a
deeper appreciation for these ecosystems, advocating sustainable practices that will
ensure their conservation and resilience for future generations.

1.6 Scope of study

This study focuses on exploring the role of Bishoftu Lakes in promoting ecotourism
development. It describes the economic, ecological, and social contributions of these
lakes, highlighting their potential to attract tourists, support local livelihoods, and
preserve biodiversity. The research is geographically confined to the major lakes in
Bishoftu, including Lake Hora harisadi, Lake Chelekleka, Lake Green, Lake Hora
Kilole, Lake Bishoftu, Lake Babogaya, and Lake Kuruftu, along with their
surrounding areas. It will assess the current state of ecotourism activities,
infrastructure, and management practices while addressing the challenges and
opportunities for sustainable ecotourism development. It will also explore the
relationship between ecotourism and local communities, examining the social,
economic, and environmental impacts. By focusing on these dimensions, the study
seeks to provide insights into the role of Bishoftus Lakes for developing ecotourism in
the town, with an emphasis on balancing economic growth, conservation efforts, and
community benefits.

1.6 Limitation of the study

This study faced limitations including time constraints, limited readily available
information on the Bishoftu’s Lakes for ecotourism, potential reluctance of
participants to provide complete information, challenges in selecting ideal key
informants, and budget limitations that may have affected the scope of data collection.
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Concept of Ecotourism

Ecotourism is widely regarded as a form of sustainable tourism that focuses on
conserving the environment, fostering cultural awareness, and benefiting local
communities. According to The International Ecotourism Society (TIES), ecotourism
is defined as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment,
sustains the well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education”
(TIES, 2015). This definition emphasizes three core principles: environmental
conservation, community involvement, and educational value. Similarly, Honey
(2008) describes ecotourism as tourism that “creates minimal environmental impact,
respects local culture, supports conservation efforts, and contributes to the socio-
economic socio-economic development of host communities.” This perspective
underscores the dual focus of ecotourism on both ecological preservation and socio-
economic benefits, distinguishing it from other forms of tourism. Unlike mass
tourism, which often leads to environmental degradation and cultural homogenization,
ecotourism advocates for sustainable interactions between tourists and their
destinations. Weaver and Lawton (2007) also highlight the importance of low-impact
tourism activities that align with conservation goals and provide authentic experiences
for visitors. These definitions collectively establish ecotourism as an integral
approach to promoting sustainability in the tourism sector by balancing environmental
protection with economic and cultural development.

2.2 Lakes in Ethiopia

Ethiopia is endowed with numerous lakes, predominantly located in the Rift Valley
region, which are crucial for biodiversity, livelihoods, and economic activities. The
Ethiopian Rift Valley hosts both freshwater and saline lakes, including Lake Tana,
Lake Ziway, Langano, Shalla, Abijata, Bishoftu crater Lakes and Awassa. These lakes
support agriculture, fishing, and ecotourism while also being vital habitats for diverse
flora and fauna (Ayenew, 2021).

Lake Tana, the largest in Ethiopia and the source of the Blue Nile, is ecologically and
culturally significant. It is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and supports agriculture,
fisheries, and hydropower, but faces challenges such as sedimentation and invasive
species (Reid et al., 2020). Despite their importance, Ethiopian lakes face threats like
pollution, overfishing, and declining water levels caused by climate change and
anthropogenic activities. Integrated management approaches are crucial to balance
their ecological preservation with economic uses (Bonetto et al., 2021).

2.3 LAKES BISHOFTU

Bishoftu town, located in Ethiopia's Oromia Region, is renowned for its volcanic
crater lakes, which are integral to the area's ecology, tourism, and cultural heritage.
The most notable lakes in Bishoftu include Lake Bishoftu, Lake Hora harsadi, Lake
hora kilole, lake green (Magarisa),Lake Babogaya, Lake Chelekleka, and Lake
Kuriftu. These lakes vary in size, depth, and water quality, and they support diverse
flora and fauna, contributing significantly to local biodiversity and ecotourism
opportunities.

Lake Hora, for instance, is known for its pristine beauty and spiritual significance,
often visited by local and international tourists. Lake Chelekleka, while historically
important, faces challenges such as diminishing water levels due to land use changes
and environmental degradation. This has prompted calls for better conservation
strategies.

The Bishoftu Lakes also play a role in recreational activities, bird watching, and as
settings for resorts that promote eco-friendly tourism. However, they are under
pressure from urbanization, agricultural expansion, and climate variability, which
threaten their ecological balance and tourism potential. Sustainable management
practices are essential to preserve these natural assets for future generations.
 Lake bishoftu lake kuriftu

Lake hora kilalo lake cheleleka

Lake babugaya green lake

 Lake hora harsadi

2.4 The role of Lakes Bishoftu for ecotourism development

The Bishoftu town, including Lake Bishoftu, Lake Hora harsadi, Lake hora kilole,
lake green (Magarisa), Lake Babogaya, Lake Chelekleka, and Lake Kuriftu, play a
vital role in fostering ecotourism development due to their ecological, economic, and
cultural significance. These crater lakes provide a unique natural setting that attracts
both domestic and international tourists seeking environmentally friendly travel
experiences. Their scenic landscapes, biodiversity, and tranquil atmosphere serve as
essential assets for ecotourism, offering opportunities for activities such as
birdwatching, kayaking, hiking, and cultural events. As nature-based tourism becomes
increasingly popular, the lakes position Bishoftu as a promising destination for
sustainable tourism initiatives (Teshome Yared, 2021).

2.4.1 Ecological significance of lakes Bishoftu

The lakes in Bishoftu, such as Lake Hora, Lake Babogaya, Lake Bishoftu, and Lake
Chelekleka, are critical for supporting biodiversity. These crater lakes serve as
habitats for numerous species of fish, aquatic vegetation, and migratory birds. For
instance, Lake Chelekleka is particularly significant as a stopover site for migratory
birds, hosting flamingos, pelicans, and other waterfowl during seasonal migrations
(Moges Alemu and Ayenew Tamiru , 2020). Additionally, the lakes contribute to
climate regulation by acting as local cooling agents and water reservoirs. The
surrounding vegetation and aquatic ecosystems enhance soil and water conservation,
benefiting the overall environmental health of the region (Teshome Yared and
Demissie Bekele, 2021).
2.4.2 Economic significance of Lakes Bishoftu
The lakes are also central to the economy of Bishoftu. They drive tourism, with
attractions like Lake Hora and Lake Kuriftu hosting resorts, recreational activities
such as boating, and cultural festivals like the Oromo Irreecha ceremony. This makes
Bishoftu a significant destination for ecotourism, creating job opportunities and
generating income for local communities (Gebremariam Tekleab et al., 2022).
Furthermore, the lakes support subsistence and commercial fishing, providing food
and livelihoods for many residents. Additionally, some lakes are used for irrigation
and livestock watering, supporting agriculture and pastoralism in the area (Ayenew
Tamiru, 2020).

2.4.3 Cultural significance of lakes Bishoftu

The lakes hold profound cultural importance, especially for the Oromo people. Lake
Hora harisadi is the site of the annual Irreecha festival, a thanksgiving ceremony that
celebrates nature, community, and the Oromo cultural heritage. This event attracts
thousands of participants, strengthening cultural identity and providing opportunities
for cultural tourism. Similarly, the surrounding landscapes of the lakes, including
volcanic craters and indigenous flora, are deeply intertwined with local traditions and
spiritual practices (Gebremariam Tekleab et al., 2022).
 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Description of the Study Area

3.1.1. Location
Bishoftu (oromo: Bishooftuu; amharic: ቢሾፍቱ) is a town in central Ethiopia. Located
in the east shewa zone of the oromia region , it sits at an elevation of 1,920 metres
(6,300 ft). It was formerly known as Debre Zeyit (amharic: ደብረ ዘይት, lit. ) 'Mount
of Olives'). However, since the late 1990s, it has been officially known by the Oromo
name, Bishoftu from bishaanooftuu (which translates to "watery"), which was its
name until 1955. The town serves as the primary airbase of the Ethiopian Air Force

Bishoftu town is one of the so-called rail way towns of Ethiopia established following
the construction of Ethio-Djibouti railway in 1917. Bishoftu is located at 47 km from
capital city of the country South-East of Finfinne main asphalt road and 52 km from
capital city of East Shewa zone Adama and surrounded by Adea district Kebeles. In
the North the city is bordered with Yerer Silassie, in the south with Wedo and Keta
Jara, in East with Kaliti and in the West with Dire town and peasant association. A
name of Bishoftu is derived from Afan Oromo which means “the land of Lakes”

Figure : Map of the study area, Bishoftu Town

3.1.2 Demographic and Socio-economic activity

Bishoftu Town, located in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia, approximately 45

kilometers southeast of Addis Ababa, serves as a significant economic and social hub
in the region. With a population exceeding 200,000, the town is characterized by
ethnic diversity, predominantly comprising the Oromo people, alongside Amhara,
Gurage, and other groups. Afan Oromo and Amharic are the most widely spoken
languages, reflecting the town's cultural diversity, while the religious landscape
includes Orthodox Christians, Muslims, and Protestants. Economically, Bishoftu is a
dynamic center with a mix of agricultural, industrial, and service activities.

Agriculture remains vital in the surrounding rural areas, with teff, maize, and
vegetables being primary crops, complemented by livestock farming. The town is also
a major industrial hub, hosting facilities such as Ethiopian Airlines' maintenance
units, beverage and food processing plants, and textile factories, driven by its strategic
location and proximity to Addis Ababa

.3.1. 3 Topography and Climate

Bishoftu, a town located in the Oromia region of Ethiopia, enjoys a temperate climate
that is relatively mild compared to other parts of the country. Nestled at an elevation
of around 1,900 meters (6,200 feet) above sea level, Bishoftu benefits from cooler
temperatures year-round, making it a pleasant escape from the heat of the lowlands.
The town experiences two main seasons: a rainy season from June to September and a
dry season from October to May. During the rainy season, Bishoftu is lush and green,
with frequent showers that nourish the landscape. In contrast, the dry season brings
clear skies and warm, sunny days, though temperatures remain comfortable, rarely
reaching extremes. This balanced climate, coupled with the town's picturesque lakes
and rolling hills, makes Bishoftu an inviting destination for both residents and
visitors.
3.2 Method

3.2.1 Sampling Techniques and Sample Size Determination

The quantitative data was obtained by means of a questionnaire survey whose
respondents were drawn from amongst members of the local communities in Bishoftu
Town.Population: The total population of Bishoftu Town was 104,215 households
(Bishoftu Town Statistical Abstract, 2017).
Participants (Sample size): It was impossible to use the whole population. According
to Black and Champion (1976), as quoted in Sillignakis (n.d.), “a sample is a portion
of elements taken from the population, which is considered to be representative of the
population.” As quoted in Sillignakis (n.d.), “sample sizes larger than 30 and less than
500 are appropriate for most research,” as Roscoe cited in Sekaran (2000). The
researchers used a sample from the total households. The sample size was determined
based on a formula (Israel formula, 1992).The quantitative data was obtain by means
of the questionnaire survey whose respondents will be drawn from amongst members
of the local communities in Bishoftu Town.
Population: The total populations of Bishoftu town are 104,215 households. ( Bisoftu
town statistical abstract, 2017). Participants (Sample size): it is impossible to use the
whole population.
According to Black and Champion (1976) quoted in Sillignakis (n.d), “sample is a
portion of elements taken from the population, which is considered to be
representative of the population. As quoted in Sillignakis (n.d), “sample size larger
than 30 and less than 500 are appropriate for most research” as Rescoe cites in
(Sakaran, 2000). The researchers used a sample from the total households. The
sample determination based on formula (Israel formula, 1992). Accordingly
N Where; N = the total house hold from the population the at were studied
n=
1+ N ( e ) 2
n= the required sample size

Where Confidence Level is 95% at P = ± 5 (maximum variability)

Calculation
n= N=104,215 e= 0.05
N
n=
1+ N ( e ) 2
n=104,215
 1+104.215(0.0025)
n==398.47056= 398
n=398

Based on the sample size, each individual was interviewed, and the questionnaires
were distributed as follows: three (3) managers were interviewed from three lakes that
had resorts (Kuriftu Lake (resort), Babogaya Lake (resort), and Lake Bishoftu (resort).
The reason the other lakes were not selected to interview managers was that they did
not have resorts or managers. According to the evidence from the preliminary survey,
to gather information from the tourists and workers of the selected lakes, purposively
only four (4) lakes were chosen (Kuriftu Lake, Babogaya Lake, Lake Bishoftu, and
Hora Harsadi Lake). Based on these selection criteria, 20 workers and 34 tourists
from each selected lake were interviewed. The criteria for selecting workers included
their knowledge about the lake and their work experience. For interviewing local
people, an equal distribution of the sample was employed, meaning 25 local people
were interviewed from each of the seven lakes (Lake Hora Harsadi, Lake Bishoftu,
Lake Babogaya, Lake Kuriftu, Lake Hora Kilole, Lake Green (Magarisa), and Lake
Cheleklaka). The main criteria for selecting local people were the distance they lived
from the lake and their livelihood activities. The remaining four (4) people from the
sample size were taken from the tourism and culture office and the environmental
protection office.

3.2.2 Source of data and Data Gathering Methods

The study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both primary and secondary
data to ensure comprehensive and robust findings. Primary data was collected through
structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews conducted with a sample
population, complemented by extended personal observations to capture nuanced
insights. Secondary data was sourced from a variety of published and unpublished
materials, including books, academic journals, magazines, articles, and other relevant
documents.
Questionnaires were strategically distributed to key stakeholders, including office
experts, managers, resort owners, and local community members employed in the
tourism sector, particularly those involved in accommodation services. To encourage
detailed and candid responses, open-ended questions were incorporated, allowing
respondents to freely express their perspectives on critical issues such as community
awareness of visitor flows, the area's tourism potential, existing challenges, and
opportunities for development. The questionnaires were prepared in English and
administered in either Amharic or Afan Oromo, depending on the respondent's
language proficiency, to ensure clarity and accuracy in responses.
The collected data was systematically analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques
and Microsoft Excel for data organization and visualization. The study's findings were
interpreted based on a triangulation of survey responses, interview transcripts, and
field observations. Descriptive statistics, such as mean values and percentages, were
employed to summarize the data, which was then presented in the form of tables,
charts, graphs, and pictorial representations. These visual aids facilitated a deeper
analysis of the data, enabling the identification of patterns, trends, and key insights
relevant to the study's objectives. This methodological approach ensured a thorough
and multidimensional understanding of the research topic.

3.3. Ethical consideration

All respondents were asked for their willingness of participation in the study and
written and verbal consent were obtained from respondents for issues of
confidentiality. Names of participant were not used at any stage of the data collection
process. Predetermined identification numbers were used on data collection form.
 CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Demographic Characteristics Of Respondents

female male
46% 54%

The data reveals the demographic profile of the respondents. Regarding gender, the
majority were male, comprising 54.2% (n=65), while female respondents accounted
for 45.8% (n=55).

Chart Title
6

0
Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

Table 1: sex,age, maritalstatus,source of income of respondent

Item Alternatives Frequency percentage

sex Male 65 54.2%

female 55 45.8%

Age 18-27 30 25.0%

28-37 40 33.3%

38-47 35 29.2%

>48 15 12.5%

marital status Married 70 58.3%

Single 35 29.2%

Divorce 15 12.5%
The data reveals the demographic profile of the respondents. Regarding gender, the
majority were male, comprising 54.2% (n=65), while female respondents accounted
for 45.8% (n=55). In terms of age distribution, a quarter (25.0%) of the respondents
fell within the 18-27 year age group, with 33.3% aged between 28 and 37 years.
Those in the 38-47 year range constituted 29.2% of the sample, and 12.5% of the
respondents were above 48 years old. Concerning marital status, over half of the
respondents were married (58.3%), while 29.2% were single, and 12.5% reported
being divorced.
Table 2: Educational background and occupation of respondent

Items Alternatives frequency Percentage

Educational Primary 40 33.3%

background
Secondary 15 29.2%

College graduate & 15 20.8%

above

Adult education
10 8.3%
Illiterate
5 8.3%

Occupation Employed 85 70.8%

Unemployed 35 29.2%
The data presented provides insights into the educational background and
employment status of the surveyed population. It reveals that a significant portion,
33.3%, have a primary educational background, indicating a foundational level of
education. The majority of respondents, 70.8%, are currently employed, suggesting a
relatively high employment rate within the surveyed population. Furthermore, 29.2%
of respondents have completed secondary education, indicating a higher level of
education beyond the primary level. An equal percentage, 20.8%, have attained a
college degree or higher, indicating a subset of individuals with advanced educational
qualifications. It is worth noting that 29.2% of respondents are unemployed, reflecting
a portion of the surveyed population currently seeking employment. while an equal
percentage participated in adult education programs, indicating a desire for continued
learning and personal development. A smaller portion, 8.3%, are identified as
illiterate, suggesting a need for additional literacy and educational support. Overall,
this distribution of educational backgrounds and employment statuses provides
valuable insights into the diversity within the surveyed population, shedding light on
their educational achievements and occupational situations.
4.2 The roles of Bishoftu Lakes for ecotourism development in the study area

Table3: roles of Bishoftu Lakes for ecotourism development

no Roles frequency percentage

1 Natural attractions 20 16.26%
2 Economic benefit 15 12.20%
3 Infrastructure and 15 12.20%
development
4 Cultura and social aspects 25 20.33%
5 Employment creation 10 8.13%
6 Biodiversty hotspots 7 5.69%
7 Recreational activities 11 8.94%

8 Climate regulation 10 8.13%

9 Carbon sequestration 5 4.07%

10 Education and research 5 4.07%
Opportunity
Bishoftu’s lakes play a significant role in ecotourism development, with their natural
beauty attracting visitors and contributing to both local and national tourism. With a
frequency of 20 (16.26%), these lakes provide stunning landscapes that offer
opportunities for sustainable tourism, environmental conservation, and biodiversity
protection. To harness this potential, it is crucial to promote eco-friendly tourism
practices, protect the lakes from pollution, and offer nature-based activities that
educate visitors about the ecosystem. Sustainable management will ensure that
Bishoftu Lakes continue to serve as a thriving ecotourism destination while
preserving their ecological integrity. The economic benefits of ecotourism, with a
frequency of 15 (12.20%), highlight the positive impact on local livelihoods. By
supporting small businesses, handicraft markets, and eco-tourism enterprises, the
community can gain financial benefits from tourism. Additionally, infrastructure
development, with a frequency of 15 (12.20%), is essential for improving accessibility
and enhancing visitor experiences. Expanding transportation networks, eco-lodges,
and tourism services will make Bishoftu a more attractive destination. Cultural and
social aspects, recorded at 25 (20.33%), further enhance the region’s tourism appeal.
The lakes are not only natural wonders but also serve as cultural and spiritual
landmarks. One of the most significant cultural events associated with Bishoftu is
Irreecha, the annual thanksgiving festival of the Oromo people. Held near the lakes,
Irreecha attracts thousands of visitors, both local and international, who gather to
celebrate unity, gratitude, and cultural heritage. The festival provides a unique
opportunity for tourists to witness traditional rituals, songs, dances, and Oromo
customs, making it a major draw for cultural tourism. Beyond Irreecha, engaging
tourists in local music, cuisine, and storytelling, while promoting community-based
tourism, can help preserve and celebrate the rich cultural heritage of the region.
Additionally, ecotourism plays a crucial role in employment creation, with a
frequency of 10 (8.13%), providing job opportunities for tour guides, hospitality
workers, and conservationists. Training local communities in tourism-related skills
can further enhance the sector’s growth.
Bishoftu’s lakes are also recognized as biodiversity hotspots, with a frequency of 7
(5.69%), making them ideal for wildlife viewing and birdwatching. The lakes and
their surroundings support diverse species, including migratory birds, which attract
nature enthusiasts and researchers. To maximize this potential, it is essential to
develop eco-friendly trails, birdwatching spots, and conservation programs that ensure
the protection of these fragile ecosystems. Similarly, recreational activities, recorded
at 11 (8.94%), such as boating, hiking, and fishing, offer unique nature-based
experiences that draw visitors while promoting sustainable tourism. Beyond tourism,
Bishoftu’s lakes play a role in climate regulation, with a frequency of 10 (8.13%), and
carbon sequestration, at 5 (4.07%). The surrounding forests and wetlands help absorb
carbon dioxide, contributing to climate change mitigation. Sustainable tourism
development should include reforestation projects, pollution control, and responsible
visitor management to maintain these ecological benefits. Furthermore, the lakes
serve as centers for education and research, with a frequency of 5 (4.07%), attracting
scientists, students, and conservationists who study ecosystem dynamics, wildlife, and
sustainable tourism models.

In conclusion, Bishoftu Lakes offer immense potential for ecotourism development,

serving as both natural attractions and cultural landmarks. Their role extends beyond
tourism, contributing to biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and economic
growth. By promoting sustainable tourism practices, protecting the natural
environment, and enhancing cultural experiences such as the Irreecha festival, the
region can attract a diverse range of visitors. Infrastructure development, community
engagement, and responsible tourism policies are crucial to ensuring long-term
benefits. If managed properly, Bishoftu’s lakes can become a leading ecotourism
destination, balancing economic opportunities with environmental conservation, while
preserving their cultural and ecological significance for future generations.
NO challenges Frequency Percentage

1 Lack of coordination 25 12.5%

among stakeholders

2 Significant enviromental 30 15%

degradation

3 Minimal cmmunity 20 10%

engagnment

4 Weak institutional 18 9%
framework

5 Insufficient marketing and 22 11%

promotion

6 Negative attitudes among 15 7.5%

locals

7 Limmited infrastructure 28 14%

and accessibility

8 Uncontrolled urban 20 10|%

expansion

9 Poor waste management 22 11%

practices
Lack of Coordination Among Stakeholders (12.5%) One of the most significant
barriers to ecotourism development in Bishoftu is the lack of effective coordination
between the various stakeholders involved in the sector. These stakeholders include
local communities, government agencies, private investors, NGOs, and environmental
organizations. Often, there is a disconnect between the planning and execution of
ecotourism initiatives. For example, government policies may not align with local
practices or with the business community’s interests. Without a unified vision or
collaborative efforts, resources are mismanaged, and conservation projects lack the
needed support for long-term success. This challenge can be addressed through better
communication, regular stakeholder meetings, and the creation of a coordinated
ecotourism strategy that aligns economic goals with sustainable practices. Significant
Environmental Degradation (15%) Bishoftu’s environment is facing significant
degradation, primarily due to pollution, deforestation, overgrazing, and agricultural
runoff. These environmental issues impact the area’s biodiversity, reducing the appeal
of the lakes and surrounding landscapes for ecotourists. Polluted water, for instance,
can harm aquatic life, while deforestation leads to loss of habitat for wildlife. The
encroachment of urban areas and improper waste disposal, including plastics,
exacerbates the problem. Addressing environmental degradation requires focused
efforts in habitat restoration, better waste management systems, and stricter
enforcement of environmental protection laws to prevent further damage. Minimal
Community Engagement (10%) Local communities are often not actively involved in
ecotourism development, which leads to a lack of local support for conservation
efforts. When communities aren’t fully engaged in the benefits of ecotourism, they
may see it as an external project rather than a vital part of their economic and
environmental future. This detachment can lead to harmful practices such as illegal
fishing, poaching, or land encroachment. Greater community involvement through
education, decision-making participation, and offering tangible benefits from
ecotourism (like employment and profit-sharing) can help ensure that ecotourism is
both sustainable and beneficial to locals.
Weak Institutional Framework (9%) A weak institutional framework undermines the
effective management and development of ecotourism. Bishoftu lacks a strong
governance structure that can enforce regulations related to tourism development,
environmental protection, and the equitable distribution of ecotourism benefits. Many
institutions involved in ecotourism are either underfunded or lack the technical
capacity to manage ecotourism projects effectively. The establishment of a dedicated
ecotourism development authority or the strengthening of existing environmental and
tourism agencies is necessary to oversee and regulate ecotourism operations, ensuring
they are sustainable and beneficial to all stakeholders. Insufficient Marketing and
Promotion (11%) Bishoftu has significant ecotourism potential, but it remains under-
promoted in the global market. Lack of effective marketing strategies means that
potential visitors, both domestic and international, are unaware of the unique offerings
that Bishoftu provides, such as birdwatching, hiking, and cultural heritage
experiences. To draw in eco-conscious travelers, there is a need for targeted
marketing campaigns that highlight the area’s attractions, emphasizing its natural
beauty and cultural significance. This could include online presence, collaborations
with international travel agencies, and promoting the area’s ecotourism through social
media platforms, travel blogs, and tourism expos.

Negative Attitudes Among Locals (7.5%) In some parts of Bishoftu, there is a

perception that ecotourism only benefits outsiders or external investors, leading to a
lack of local support. Many residents may not see the direct benefits of ecotourism
and could even view it as a disruption to their traditional ways of life. Moreover,
some may feel excluded from decision-making processes related to tourism
development, fostering resentment. This challenge can be overcome through
community-based approaches where locals are involved in the planning and execution
of ecotourism activities. Highlighting the economic and social benefits of ecotourism,
such as job creation and the preservation of cultural traditions, can help shift these
negative attitudes.
Limited Infrastructure and Accessibility (14%) While Bishoftu is located near Addis
Ababa, its infrastructure is insufficient for supporting large-scale ecotourism. Roads
to key ecotourism sites may be poorly maintained, and transportation options are
limited. Similarly, accommodations and facilities that meet international ecotourism
standards are few and often not environmentally sustainable. The lack of basic
amenities such as clean water, waste disposal systems, and adequate signage makes it
difficult to attract tourists who prioritize sustainability. Investment in infrastructure
development is critical, including eco-friendly lodges, well-maintained roads, and
improved public transport to make the area more accessible and welcoming to
ecotourists.Uncontrolled Urban Expansion (10%) Urban sprawl in Bishoftu has led to
the loss of valuable natural habitats around the lakes and surrounding areas. As
residential and commercial developments expand, they encroach on ecologically
sensitive zones, threatening both the environment and the quality of the ecotourism
experience. Unplanned development often leads to pollution, reduced green spaces,
and destruction of wildlife habitats. Strict urban planning regulations and zoning laws
are required to control urban expansion, ensuring that development does not
undermine the natural assets that make Bishoftu attractive to ecotourists.9. Poor
Waste Management Practices (11%) Waste management is a major challenge in
Bishoftu, with plastic pollution being a particularly visible problem around the lakes.
Lack of proper waste disposal facilities and recycling programs means that both
tourists and locals contribute to littering, which degrades the natural beauty of the
area. This pollution affects the water quality and can harm local wildlife.
Implementing an efficient waste management system, including waste segregation,
recycling programs, and public awareness campaigns, is essential to protect the
environment and maintain the aesthetic appeal of Bishoftu for ecotourism. Conclusion
The development of ecotourism in Bishoftu faces several challenges, including weak
coordination, environmental degradation, and limited infrastructure. However,
addressing these issues through targeted strategies such as better stakeholder
engagement, improved governance, and investment in sustainable practices could
unlock Bishoftu's full ecotourism potential.
4.4 The propose and evaluate strategies that can be implemented to enhance
ecotourism development in Bishoftu.

NO strategies Frequency Percentage

1 Strengthen stakeholder 12 10%

collabration

2 Policy reform and 14 11.67%

enforcement

3 Marketing and branding 18 15%

strategies

4 Enviromental conservation 24 20%

5 Diverwify ecotourism 14 11.67%

product

6 Improve service Quality 8 6.67%

7 Safetey and security 6 5%

8 Sustainale infrastructure 12 10%

development

9 Estabilish community based 12 10%

ecotourism
Ecotourism plays a significant role in promoting sustainable development through
several key strategies. Strengthening stakeholder collaboration, with a frequency of 12
and representing 10% of the strategies, focuses on fostering cooperation among
government agencies, local communities, businesses, and NGOs to ensure the success
of ecotourism initiatives. Policy reform and enforcement, at 11.67%, aims to establish
and enforce regulations that promote sustainable tourism practices, environmental
protection, and fair distribution of benefits from ecotourism activities. Marketing and
branding strategies, with a frequency of 18 and representing 15% of the strategies,
emphasize the importance of raising awareness and attracting tourists by promoting
ecotourism destinations and emphasizing their sustainability values. Environmental
conservation, accounting for 20% and a frequency of 24, prioritizes protecting natural
habitats, preserving biodiversity, and minimizing the negative impacts of tourism on
the environment. Diversifying ecotourism products, at 11.67%, focuses on offering a
range of tourism experiences that cater to different interests, such as wildlife viewing,
cultural tours, and eco-friendly accommodations, which can attract a broader
spectrum of tourists. Improving service quality, with a frequency of 8 and
representing 6.67%, focuses on enhancing the overall visitor experience through
quality services, knowledgeable guides, and sustainable practices in hospitality.Safety
and security, accounting for 5% and a frequency of 6, is essential in ensuring tourists
feel safe and comfortable, promoting confidence in ecotourism destinations.
Sustainable infrastructure development, with a frequency of 12 and representing 10%,
involves building infrastructure that respects the environment, such as eco-friendly
accommodations, sustainable transportation, and renewable energy usage. Finally,
establishing community-based ecotourism, representing 10% and a frequency of 12,
empowers local communities by involving them in the planning and management of
ecotourism activities, ensuring that the benefits of tourism are shared equitably.

In summary, enhancing ecotourism in Bishoftu involves strategic efforts in

stakeholder collaboration, policy enforcement, marketing, conservation, product
diversification, service quality, safety, infrastructure development, and community
engagement. These strategies collectively support the goal of sustainable tourism that
benefits both the envir
5..Discussion
onment and local communities.