INDONESIA
"EMERALD OF THE EQUATOR"
1. Introduction of Indonesia’s Land
(Geography)
Location: Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian
and Pacific Oceans.
Land Area: Approximately 1.9 million square kilometers,
making it the world's largest archipelago.
Islands: Over 17,000 islands, with 5 major islands – Java,
Sumatra, Borneo (Kalimantan), Sulawesi, and Papua.
5 Major Islands
Borneo NEW
SUMATRA JAVA (Kalimantan) SULAWESI GUINEA(PAPUA)
SUMATRA
The sixth-largest island in
the world
JAVA
The fifth-largest island in Indonesia, and the most
populous, known for its cultural and economic
Borneo (Kalimantan)
A large island shared with Malaysia and Brunei, with the
Indonesian portion known as Kalimantan.
Sulawesi
A large island in the center of the Indonesian archipelago,
known for its four peninsulas and mountainous interior.
New Guinea (Papua)
The second-largest island in the world, shared with
Papua New Guinea, with the western portion belonging
to Indonesia.
1. Introduction of Indonesia’s Land
(Geography)
Climate: Tropical, with a hot and humid climate. Two seasons:
Wet Season: November to March.
Dry Season: April to October.
Volcanic Activity: Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, with active
volcanoes like Mount Merapi and Krakatoa.
Biodiversity: Rich in flora and fauna, including endangered
species like orangutans and Komodo dragons.
2. Religion in Indonesia
Islam: Largest Muslim-majority country, with about 87% of the
population practicing Islam.
Christianity: About 10% of the population, primarily in eastern
Indonesia (Protestants and Catholics).
Hinduism: Predominantly practiced in Bali (1.7%).
Buddhism and Confucianism: Minority religions practiced by
ethnic Chinese communities.
Pancasila: State ideology promoting religious harmony and
tolerance.
EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
Basic Education: 9 years compulsory (6 years of
primary, 3 years of junior secondary).
Senior Secondary Education: 3 years, with options in
science, social sciences, or vocational studies.
Higher Education: Public and private universities,
polytechnics, and vocational institutions.
EDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDONESIA
Key Universities: University of Indonesia (UI), Gadjah
Mada University (UGM), Bandung Institute of
Technology (ITB).
Focus Areas: Emphasis on STEM, vocational training,
and digital literacy in recent reforms.
4. Government and Political System
Government Type: Unitary presidential republic.
President: Both head of state and head of government,
elected for a 5-year term.
Legislative Body: People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR),
consisting of:
House of Representatives (DPR) – Main legislative body.
Regional Representative Council (DPD) – Represents
regional interests.
4. Government and Political System
Judiciary: Independent system, with the
Supreme Court as the highest judicial
body.
Decentralization: Regional autonomy
granted to provinces and districts.
People of Indonesia
Population: Over 270 million people, making it
the 4th most populous country in the world.
Ethnic Diversity:
Javanese: Largest ethnic group (40%).
Sundanese, Batak, Madurese, Minangkabau, and
Balinese: Significant communities.
Languages of Indonesia
Official Language: Bahasa Indonesia, a standardized form of
Malay, adopted to unite the diverse population.
Local Languages: Over 700 local languages, with major
languages including:
Javanese
Sundanese
Balinese
English and Arabic: Taught as secondary languages in schools.
Development of
Indonesian Literature
Pre-Colonial Era:
Dominated by oral literature with epics
like Ramayana and Mahabharata,
reflecting Hindu-Buddhist influences.
Development of
Indonesian Literature
Colonial Era:
Introduction of written literature in Malay and
Dutch.
Raden Ajeng Kartini’s writings advocated for
women’s education and gender equality.
Development of
Indonesian Literature
Post-Independence Period:
Literature shifted to nationalist and realist
themes.
Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Buru Quartet
highlighted colonialism and social injustice.
Development of
Indonesian Literature
Modern and Contemporary Literature:
Explores themes of identity, politics,
and cultural change in a rapidly
evolving society.
TERIMA KASIH!
