CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DC AC MACHINERIES
FINAL TERM ACTIVITY
Name: BALATON, CRIS S. Course-Year/Section: BSME-3B
Instruction: Provide your answer below.
1. Define the following
a. What is a DC motor?
A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. It operates on
direct current (DC) and typically consists of a stator (field) and a rotor (armature) where the
interaction of magnetic fields generates rotational motion. DC motors are widely used in
various applications, from household appliances to industrial machinery, due to their ability to
provide precise control over speed and direction.
b. What is PMDC motor?
An electric motor that uses permanent magnets to generate a magnetic field in the rotor
(the rotating part) rather than relying on field windings in the stator (the stationary part).
PMDC motors are known for their simplicity, reliability, and controllability, making them
commonly used in a wide range of applications, including electric vehicles, robotics, and
various industrial machines. They operate on direct current (DC) and are often used in
situations where precise speed and torque control are required.
c. What is the speed regulation of a dc motor?
The speed regulation of a DC motor refers to its ability to maintain a relatively constant
speed under varying load conditions. It is typically expressed as a percentage and is calculated
as:
Speed Regulation (%) = [(No-Load Speed - Full-Load Speed) / No-Load Speed] * 100
In this formula:
"No-Load Speed" is the speed of the DC motor when it operates with no external load.
"Full-Load Speed" is the speed of the DC motor when it operates under a full or maximum
rated load.
The speed regulation percentage indicates how well the motor can maintain its speed as the
load on it changes. A lower speed regulation percentage means the motor is better at
maintaining its speed, even when subjected to varying loads. High-quality DC motors often
have low speed regulation, which is desirable in applications requiring precise speed control.
d. How can the speed of a shunt dc motor be controlled?
The speed of a shunt DC motor can be controlled using various methods, and one common
approach is to adjust the voltage applied to the motor. Here are some
techniques for controlling the speed of a shunt DC motor:
1.Armature Voltage Control: By changing the voltage supplied to the motor's armature (the
coil in the rotor), you can control the motor's speed. Decreasing the voltage will reduce the
speed, while increasing it will make the motor run faster. This method is relatively
straightforward and is often used for speed control.
2.Field Flux Control: You can also control the speed by varying the field current, which affects
the strength of the magnetic field generated by the field windings. Increasing the field current
will generally increase the speed, while decreasing it will slow down the motor.
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
DC AC MACHINERIES
FINAL TERM ACTIVITY
3.Combined Armature and Field Control: Many shunt DC motor control systems use a
combination of armature voltage control and field flux control to achieve precise speed
regulation and control.
4.External Resistors: By adding external resistors to the motor circuit, you can control the
voltage and current supplied to the motor, thus regulating its speed.
5.Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs): Modern shunt DC motors can be controlled using
electronic speed controllers that use pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques to adjust the
average voltage supplied to the motor, providing precise speed control.
6.Feedback Control: Implementing feedback control systems, such as PID controllers, can help
maintain a constant speed even in the presence of varying loads. These controllers use
sensors to measure the motor's actual speed and adjust the applied voltage accordingly.
The choice of control method depends on the specific requirements of the application and the
desired level of speed precision. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the
selection will depend on factors like cost, complexity, and the need for speed stability.
e. What is a DC generator?
These generators are used to charge batteries, provide lighting and provide excitation to
alternators. They are used to provide field excitation current for regenerative braking in DC
locomotives. They are used in DC motors where speed control is necessary.
f. What is the practical difference between a separately excited and a shunt dc motor?
g. Name and describe the features of the five types of generators?
2. Provide an illustration of the DC motor with its different parts. Mention the usage per part.
3. Provide an illustration of the DC generator with its different parts. Mention the usage per part.
