ISSN 0202-3318. PSICHOLOGIJA. 1998.

18

Dream Analysis Using Theories of Analytical Psychology

Saulė Buzaitė

Vilniaus universiteto Klinikinės ir socialinės psichologijos katedros doktorantė

·

Didlaukio g 47, LT-2057 Vilnius

Tel./faks. 76 25 71, 76 18 90

The paper covers three major theoretical spontaneous and openly manifest fashion

approches on dreams that now dominate in using meaningful language of symbols (Jung
analytical psychology. Modifications of Jung's CW8, 1981). This idea was new and contra­
original ideas could create some problems dictory to Freud's understanding of dream
dealing with dream material to those who are content as having latent secret meaning and
not familiar with the present situation sa the performing wish-fulfillment function in re­
purpose of this paper is to clear up the lation to conscious attitude. In addition Jung
pecularities characteristic to each theoretical stated that unconscious material provided
approach. Clinical case report and qualita­ by dreams contributed to the conscious situ­
tive data analysis forms methodological basis ation of the dreamer as it corrected and
of the three level interpretation of dreams se­ complemented its actual one-sided stand­
lected during the course of depth oriented psy­ point in the most relevant way. (Jung CW16,
chotherapy. This method was chosen as the 1985). This compensatory view of dreams
most apprapriate dealing with the clinical
was consistent to his theory of self-regula­
material.
tory, balance seeking functioning of the
psyche. Moreover, it follows from Jungian
Introduction ideas that the unconscious in the depths of

Dream analysis is an important part of Jun­ it's creative potentials is working for the

gian psychotherapy as one of the best modes solution of the problematic issues in dream­

of finding the way and relation to still un­ ers life. This forms the essence of his con­

known and unconscious parts of patient's cept of the transcendental function which,

personality and his psychopathology. while connecting the two realms of the

Through his works Jung defined the main psyche, makes possible a birth of a new in­

function of dreams as mediators between the tegral attitude of the mind. So not only com­

conscious and unconscious parts of the pensatory but even prospective role of

psyche. Dreams are seen as reflecting un­ dreams becomes possible. ''We must now
conscious situation of the dreamer in a most make clear what is required to produce the

83
transcendent function. First and foremost, we the dreamers life), the subjective level (the

need the unconscious material. The most dream images are understood as relevant to
readily accessible expression of unconscious the dreamer's intrapsychic structure forma­
processes is undoubtedly dreams. The dream tions and constellations of complexes), and

is, so to speak, a pure product of the uncon­ the archetypal level (the dream images are
scious. The alterations which the dream un­ used to reveal the archetypal situation of the
dergoes in the process of reaching conscious­ dreamer; this is attainable through expand­
ness, although undeniable, can be considered ing the dream content and interpreting its
irrelevant, since they too derive from the symbols in the context of large symbolic re­
unconscious and are not intentional distor­ ligious and mythological systems that carry

tions" (Jung, 1988, p. 283). However, Jung in themselves universal treasures of collec­
agreed that dream language needed interpre­ tive unconscious structured in the archetypal
tation in order to make their secret essence forms).
understandable and acceptable to conscious­ Since the time Jung originated his ideas
ness, for he regarded dream images as full of the place and role of dreams in analytical
rich symbolic meaning and coloured by spe­ psychology underwent some changes and dif­
cial affectional tone. The basic principles of ferent modes of working with dreams were
dream interpretation used by Jung were col­ developed by his followers. It appears that
lection of personai association of the dreamer those, who adopt the mare traditional Jun­
in relation to the dream content and ampli­ gian standpoint and belong to the so-called
fication of this content using historical, cul­ Classical School of analytical psychology,
tural and mythological parallels in order to mostly emphasize the intrapsychic significance
explore the meaning of the dream as deeply of the dream images and the compensatory­
and widely as possible, while connecting per­ regulatory function they provide. Represen­
sonai situation of the dreamer with the uni­ tatives of this tradition use a lot of dream
versal archetypal realm of human experience. material in their clinical work and carefully
It is well known that Jung understood examine how dream reflect complexes and
dream interpretation mare as an art than as general unconscious situation of the patient,
a strictly scientific method. He wrote that for his personality structure and other things in
working with dreams both intellectual and this line. Some of post-Jungian thinkers are
spiritual skills of the analyst are necessary as creating their own systems of dream inter­
much as his emotional involvement, sincere pretation based on Jungian method. For ex­
attitude and deep insight (Jung CW 8, 1981). ample, A. Stevens applies dream content in­
And although he did not organized his ideas terpretation in the following three dimen­
on dreams into a single theory, three main sions: personai, cultural and archetypal
levels of dream analysis were later distin­ (Stevens, 1995). Of course, his point of view
guished by his followers. It is the objective stays in the framework of classical Jungian
level (the dream images are considered in method. Some mare serious modifications
their relation to actual people and events in regarding dream meaning were created by

84
those authors who, according to A. Samuels' first of all is trying to extract from any dream
classification, belong to post-Jungian Devel­ content the meaning related to the actual,
opmental and Archetypal Schools (Samuels, objective situation of the dreamer and bis real
1985). relationships in the life. Dream images are

Analytical psychologists adhering to the interpreted mostly in the objective level.

Developmental school are more under the The third special mode of looking at
influence of neo-Freudian thought, especially dreams belongs to the school of Archetypal
object relations theory to the creation of psychology. Its founder J. Hillman states the
which the greatest contribution was made by priority of archetypal perspective as funda­
Klein, Fairbrain, Winnicot, Bion and other mental dealing with the deeper realm of soul.
psychoanalytic thinkers. What forms the es­ Depth, soul, love, death are the main catego­
sence of this theory is that primary objects ries of bis theoretical model. The imagina­
relations, i.e. infant's relations with mother, tive world of dreams which overpowers us at
father or other caretakers, are internalized night and leads to the depths of unconscious­
in some symbolic forms as part-object struc­ ness has its special value as reflecting arche­
tures and later might determine the indi­ typal layers of the psyche. This night world is
vidual's psychology and possibly bis psycho­ placed into opposition to the flat "surface
pathological level. Internalized part-object reality" of the day Ego. So dreams imagery:
components, as much as the independently characters, situations, actions cannot be un­
functioning Self, are regarded as active agen­ derstood from the conscious Ego position.
cies of the interpersonal relationship patterns Only mythological thinking and symbols are
(Ogden, 1990). The main aim of psycho­ seen as resembling in some ways archetypal
therapy is to achieve externalization of sym­ dimensions of soul life expressed in dreams.
bolic internal object relationship in a "safe" In this way Hillman rejects Jung's attitude
therapeutic environment. So, according to the that dreams are connected to and in some
Developmental approach the psychotherapeu­ way dependent on from the conscious posi­
tic interactions are mostly valuable material: tion of the mind and fulfills a compensatory
dynamic structures of internal objects are function. He stresses the independence of
under constant observation in transference­ dreams as phenomena that have their own
countertransference relationships, projective existence and purposes because they come
identification phenomena, etc. Dreams in this from the archetypal region completely alien
context are interpreted as reflections of the to conscious reality and have distinctive rules
patients mode of organizing object-related which are beyond the boundaries of harmony
experience which is activated during the psy­ and morality but close to the experience of
chotherapeutic process due to transference numinosum. To try to deal with dreams in
and countertransference feelings, activation the method of Archetypal psychology is some­
of psychological defense mechanisms, projec­ thing different from what is understood by
ti"ns etc. Perhaps it could be stated that the archetypal amplification of dreams in Classi­
analyst working in this theoretical approach cal school. It is not drawing mythological

85
parallels related to dream content that is alcoholism there were frequent quarrels in
important but taking the dream images back the family and the patient, then a little giri,
to their original archetypal realm. There "they and her mother had to run away from the
become mythic beings, not mainly by ampli­ house. After her father's death A. Iived to­
fying their mythic parallels but by seeing gether with her mother until a year ago her
through to the imaginative persons within the mother married for a second time. Accord­
personai masks. Only the persons of the ing to the patient her relations with the step­
dream are essential for understanding the father were normai and perhaps even better
persons in the dream" (Hillman, 1979, p. 63- than with the mother. Her mother was kind
64). So dream imagery should be contem­ and supportive mostly concerning the things
plated, reflected upon, played with in order related to material well-being but there were
to intensify and deepen the soul's experience no close emotional bond between them.
of its original and at the same time remote Sometimes A. felt her mother to be a cold,
archetypal reality. Other way it is called "soul­ very closed and self-involved woman inter­
making". ested only in her job.
The main reason A. came for a consulta­
tion was sudden and acute attacks of anxiety
Clinical case report
followed by depressive thoughts. Sometimes
This short theoretical survey about the role the anxiety was so strong that she was afraid
and meaning of dreams in modern theories of going mad. Psychiatric diagnosis ascribed
of analytical psychology I would Iike to illus­ to her was anxiety disorder with panic attacks.
trate by the analysis of the dreams of one of These anxiety attacks had started two months
my patients. As the purpose of the paper is before she came to the clinic and three
to try to explore the dream using as much as months after her return from Portugal where
possible all the three theoretical standpoints, she spent a one year period of studies at
dreamer's Iife history, her experience related Lisbon University. She tiescribed her life in
to the dream and the development of thera­ Portugal as a very happy experience. She liked
peutic relationship are regarded as impor­ everything there: warm climate, lively and
tant components of the dream context. So friendly people, beautiful nature, etc. and
first, some material from the clinical case enjoyed her studies. But the most important
history. thing was a love experience with a Portuguese
A. was a woman of twenty-two, student of student. She said this experience was very
city engineering, and had been in therapy for special, such as she had never had before. At
six months. J;Jer mother was a successful the time she had to leave Portugal the man
business woman, manager of one of the de­ gave her a ring as a symbol of their love and
partments of a big printing-house. Her fa­ said that he will wait for her coming back.
ther committed suicide when A. was four A. had a• beautiful appearance. She was
years old. He had been a photographer and tall, had nicely shaped womanly figure, long
used to drink beavily. Because of the father's dark hair and big dark eyes. Her movements

86
were energetic and delicate at the same time. of a complex, perhaps, an Animus compiex
She looked for me as some Greek goddess. activation due to the changes in the family
What concerns her interests, she was in­ situation (mother's second marriage - re-ex­
terested in natural sciences, spoke two for­ perience of Oedipal feelings) and her deep
eign languages, liked to read books on Bud­ emotional involvement in Portugal. But in
dhism and other Eastern religions. She lead addition to this, some narcissistic character
very intensive social life: had many friends, traits could be noticed in her personality
was a member of a number of student soci­ structure. Limitless expansion of interests,
eties, took part in some international projects, ambivalent and confused social relationships,
etc. Although she said she already had many uncertainty about her place and goals in life.„
boyfriends before, those were never long-last­ It seemed as it a too week conscious Ego is
ing relationships and the only true love she in state of danger of uroboric fusion with the
experienced, was perhaps, in Portugal. all embracing Self. N evertheless, there was
When she came back to Lithuania and very strong self-development energy ex­
found her mother married for a second time pressed in her that showed good potentials
she said she was happy about this fact. The for individuation.
only problem was A.'s relationship with her From the first meeting l felt her attention­
former boyfriend. He refused to accept cer­ seeking attitude towards me. She tried to
tain changes in her and in their relationship. make an impression, to enchant. It seemed
A. had suggested to him to remain just friends to me like as if she wanted to seduce me in
but he said he would never agree to be only some manipulative fashion and to get my
a friend of hers and using all possible and attention away from mare deeper analysis of
impossible means sought to be her lover her problems. Her irrational fear of looking
again. Because of this A. was forced into a into the depths of her soul was great. Al­
very ambivalent situation. She missed her new though she attended the sessions regularly
lover very much but the former relationship and willingly, very strong resistance to any
was still dear to her and she did not want to interpretation could be noticed. The mare
break it definitely. So the patient felt very deeper we got the mare ambivalent and con­
lost. At first she got depressed and later the fused like was her experience of herself. l
strong anxiety attacks started, followed by the decided not to be too directive and intrusive
fear of total disintegration. She could not because it could possibly pravoke a psychotic
explain from where the anxiety come. episode. Anyway, l chose to concentrate more
After the first meeting we agreed on the on work with dreams, at the same time cre­
depth oriented psychotherapy sessions twice ating warm and supportive therapeutic envi­
a week. The goal of this therapy would be to ronment as much as l could provide this. It
find some explanation for her irrational fears seemed, her unconsciousness was very acti­
and to clear up her relationship with both vated as there was a lot of dream material.
man, as these two things seemed obviously These dreams by their emotional tone and
related. Her symptoms suggested existence content images could be divided into two type

87
groups: "icy-cold" and "warm-mysterious". parts of children 's constmctional "Lego" game.
The first ones were charged with 'dark en­ It looks fu,nny. I am not so scared as before but
ergy', as she called it, feelings of abandon­ the danger is still real. Luckily I tum somehow
ment and isolation were mixed with pain and and the snowstonn passes over me.
strange feeling of touching cold window glass.
"Warm-mysterious" dreams were of totally Obje ctive-developmental level
different mode. Here she usually found her­
The panorama of a new gray district of the
self either somewhere in countryside of Por­
city reminded A. her childhood times. There
tugal or in other fascinating place, and emo­
she lived with her mother after the father's
tions were related to love, relatedness and
death. The small elements of children con­
excitement. Of course, symbols and charac­
ters within the same type dream series were structor game are similar to the toys she)iked

not exactly the same but the general resem­ to play being a child. From that time period

blance of their content could be clearly no­ she could not remember any nice and warm

ticed. These was constant fluctuation in the experience related to her life with her

occurrence of these different-type dreams in mother. What came to her mind was that

the dreamer's psyche, but gradually over the her mother was always very busy and left

course of therapy l noticed that second type her to play alone or with other children but
"warm" dreams started to prevail and l re­ never showed any wish to spend her free time
garded this as a good sign. with her little daughter. At the same time
she used to be very demanding and strict.
Every time A. wanted to be accepted or lis­
Three level dream analysis
tened by her mother she would turn away or
For the practical three level dream interpre­ impose her will over the daughter. For ex­
tation using analytical methods defined above ample, the mother always chose what dress
I have selected two dream examples that are A. should wear, what children should be her
characteristic to each dream series, since it friends, etc. She never let the daughter to
seems to me it is necessary in the context of have her own opinion and very rudely criti­
the case.
cized and ridiculed everything A. tried to do.
An example of "ice-cold" dream: During her childhood and later the patient
It is a new district of the city: modem apart­ constantly felt as it all her attempts of self
ment buildings, no trees, no grass, no open expression were thwarted by her mother.
space. The whole picture is gray-white and ster­ To return to the dream content, it seems
ile. I am not sure whether it is winter or not but that the mother-daughter relationship pat­
suddenly I see a big snowstonn or tornado tern constellation is symbolically expressed
coming towards me in a great speed. I am very in the vision of the dangerous snowstorm
scared. It seems to me this stonn will carry me threatening to overwhelm the weak childish
away or smash. As it comes near I notice that Ego of the patient. The cold and desert like
the snowstonn is carrying in its vortex small environment of the dream points to a cold

88
and even competitive style of relationship be­ uncontrollable character of the Self symbol­
tween mother and daughter. The mother ized by storm. In many religions storms are
merely set high standards of achievement for manifestations of the supreme deity. Jung
the giri but offered her little actual emotional had defined the power of the Self as a
appraval. A. always felt herself as a shadowy numinous experience that is always a defeat
complement of her mother, speaking in ana­ for the ego (Jung CW14, 1976, p. 546). At
lytical terms, her needs to be mirrored were the same time it is vital to find a positive
never satisfied. Whereas this experience is bond with the Self. Since the Self in Jungian
essential for Ego stability formation. So it psychology is understood as the center of
seems the bad-object experience constellation personality ordering its inner and outer ex­
is pictured in the dream as confrontation of perience. The Self exists to make a founda­
dreamer's Ego and the storm as intrusive tion for the Ego; however in this dream it
mother's energy. shows its numinous overpowering nature.
Trying to analyze the dream images in Perhaps from this Ego-Self relationship dis­
relation to transference-countertransference tortion steps the dreamer's fear of disinte­
relationship pattern, the powerful snowstorm gration: for the not strong enough Ego the
energy could be interpreted as the analysand inexperience of the Self could mean regres­
experience of the situation of analysis and/or sive fusion with boundless unconscious ar­
analysts efforts as something intrusive and chetypal energies.
threatening to former Ego boundaries. On Yet some positive signs could be detached
the other hand, idealizing transference of the from the dream symbols. The threatening
patient at first had provoked a very energetic vortex of the snowstorm is carrying within
and interpretative response from me. l felt itself small constructive elements from chil­
forced not to disappoint her expectations and dren game and this indicates that some posi­
be as much as possible "effective analyst". tive transformation-construction process is
But in this case, transference and counter­ going on too and points to the creative po­
tranference reactions activated bad primary tentials of experiencing the Self.
object re-experience that was reflected in the
grim and devastating character of the dream. Archetypal level

This level of interpretation transfers the

Subjective-classical level
dream symbols from their everyday psycho­
It could be noticed from the dream content logical reality into the archetypal depth of
that the main problem of the dreamer's per­ objective psyche. So the dream ego is wan­
sonality structure is the tension on Ego-Self dering in some deserted place where people
axis. The deserted cold dream landscape should live (new district and apartment build­
perhaps refers to a lonely isolated inner state ings) but it seems there are no plants, no
of the patient. Dream Ego is lost and scared vitality. Such a landscape points to the un­
but it still has some flexibility dealing with derworld reality inhabited by Gods, nymphs,

89
daimons and other underworld beings. Snow­ cess took during the course of therapy: it was
white surroundings intensify the atmosphere the series of the so-called "warm" content
of the underworld too. The symbolic mean­ dreams.
ing of snow as frozen water with the possi­ An example of "warm-mysterious" dream:
bility of melting contains in itself the energy
(First part)
of transformation, of cyclical changes of
In the dream I found myself su"ounded by
death, life, renewal. According to Hillman,
the beautiful green nature. This place is not
ice and snow could be regarded as charac­
familiar to me. It reminds of movies about
teristics of underworld reality. At the same
ancient prehistoric times. The trees are high,
time, from mythological background and
old and covered with lianas. Perhaps it is a
writings of Gnostics we know of the associa­
wild tropical forest or jungle. I feel fertility and
tion of coldness and the soul (Hillman, 1979,
abundance of this landscape. As I go further
p. 168). And what awaits the dreamer's soul
into the thicket of the forest I approach to some
in this realm?
strange building. It looks like a round summer­
In the light of the archetypal reality snow­
house built of stones, very old and over.grown
storm in the dream is natural phenomenon
with moss. I enter it and find inside a gallery of
of such a landscape. Perhaps it could threaten
sculptures. These sculptures are of wild beasts.
the dream-ego looking from the conscious
They seem very imposing and mysterious. Look­
standpoint but it could mean something im­
ing at them I feel respect and fear. Their hands
portant and positive for the process of soul­
are adomed with golden crowns.
making because it could be in accordance with
the purposes of this process to involve the (Second part)

dream ego into the creative intercourse of There is a room perhaps in this summer
the icy crystals of the snowstorm. At this point house, perhaps not. I am lying naked on my
it is important to remember that the arche­ back in a big red bed and waiting for E„ my
typal energy of the underworld does not care boyfriend from Portugal. It seems, we are going
for safety, stability or strength of the ego even to make love but there is nothing indecent,
if this leads to the boundaries of psychosis. nothing lustful in it. I see the half-opened doors.
As psychosis, on the other hand, could rep­ The white mist-like light is getting inside through
resent the very depths of objective archetypal it. Suddenly fear and an.xiety overpowers me. I
psyche. So, perhaps, all the dangers the am scared he will not come because I have
dreamer is experiencing in the underworld betrayed him being too close to my friend in
landscape of dream world could be regarded Lithuania. I feel guilty for this.
as ways of deepening her soul.
Objective-developmental l evel
In order to present a fuller picture of the
process that was going on in the dreamer's First of all some changes in character of the
psyche l suppose it is necessary to show the analytic situation could be noticed. The warm
other direction the symbols generating pro- emphatic temenas atmosphere of the dream

90
is expressed by means of a number of fe­ panies this situation too shows that perhaps
male-related symbols: forest, stony summer­ the dreamer is getting out of the unbearable
house or temple, green colour, etc. At the split pattem that seems threatens to her self­
same time this indicates the possibility of a integrity and enters the depressive position
positive change taking part in her internal as a more reflective state.
object representations related to maternal
experience. According to Neumann, "if the Subjective-classical level
earliest phase of life was char!lcterized by a
The intrapsychic symbols of the dream re­
positive primal relationship, a compensatory
flect the individuation process going on in
experience of the Good Mother as imper­
the dreamer's psyche. The dream Ego finds
sonal archetype of nature, or as tree, gar­
itself in the green environment of an ancient
den, forest, home or sky, is perfectly pos­
forest. This landscape could be identified as
sible" (Neumann, 1976, p. 80). So due to
the realm of the Great Mother, i.e., the realm
positive mirroring and acceptance created in
of the unconsciousness from where the per­
the analytic situation good matemal object
sonality growth starts. This process touches
experience is activated in the dreamer's
different spheres of personality. For example,
psyche. Perhaps in relation to this her Ego is
the royal animal figures in the stony summer
getting strong enough to face the problem­
house could symbolize the changes in the
atic triangular external situation expressed
Ego attitudc towards the Shadow related
in the second part of the dream. Here the
sexuality or power complexes within the per­
dreamer is caught between .two male figures
sonality structure. Crowns as attributes of
and feels guilty for the inability to break her
royal dignity point to spiritualization of the
earlier relationship for the new one. Look­
ing from the developmental standpoint, at lower instinctual forces that appear in the

this point the parallels could be drawn be­ images of animals.

tween her problems in the sphere of hetero­ The stony circular form of the summer­

sexual affairs and the experience of the miss­ house could be regarded as a new Self for­

ing father who first disappeared into alcohol mation. lts circular and firm construction

and later committed suicide. Anxiety and fear provides a stable foundation for the Ego. The
manifest in the dream content, it seems, are important transformation could be noticed as
feelings directly connected with the fear of the former uncontrollable grandiose cnergy
losing primal object later transformed into of a narcissistic Self takes a positive, unity
the fear of losing love objects. " ... the feeling and integrity providing character. At this point
of not being loved is often accompanied by the symbolism of stones as material of which
an almost insatiable longing (which often un­ the summer-house is built is very interesting.
derlies neuroses) to repair and compensate In many ancient cultures stones were wor­
for the lack of love in the primal relation­ shipped as deity images, and, according to
ship by intense love experiences" (Neumann, Jung, stones could be regarded as imagery
1976, p. 77). The feeling of guilt that accom- symbols of the Self too. It is well known what

91
deep meaning the symbolism of the stone the ancient time. The naked dreamer appears
achieved in the alchemical tradition. On the in the role of a sacred prostitute waiting for

psychological level, the Philosophers' stone a stranger to come. In the dream the mascu­

represents to them the coniunctio opposito­ line image is of the actual lover but he is a

rum, an integration of masculine and femi­ foreigner so in some sense a stranger. Al­

nine elements, union of conscious and un­ though familiar persons in dreams are more

conscious parts. The other dream symbols likely to have an objective meaning they may

support the creative coniunctio-transformatio also be used by archetype to express its hid­

atmosphere of the dream. It is the mist (in den meaning as characters of the underworld

ancient times thought as a course of fertil­ realm. The presence of something divine is

ity), combination of green (feminine) and red felt in the atmosphere of the dream. The

( masculine) colours. In relation to all this the sculptural images of animals look more like

Animus images appear. It seems, the images of "divine, intelligent, autochtonous

dreamer's Ego gets into a situation of con­ powers demanding respect" (Hillman, 1979,
frontation and choise between two Animus p. 147). In the art of many ancient religions

levels: a more one-sided sexual, and a more gods are represented in the form of animals.

whole, sexuality and spirituality uniting. (This Divine beings often take up this shape in

followed from her personai associations con­ myths and fairytales. On the other hand, ac­
cording to Hillman, animals themselves be­
cerning the actual experience of these two
cause of their chtonic instinctual nature could
men.) Perhaps the image of the distant lover
be regarded as· images relevant to the un­
points to a new more integrative Animus
derworld realm as realm of half-divine, half­
constellation in her psyche necessary for the
instinctual powers. So, it could be imagined
resolution of her actual problems of inability
that the dream animals lead the heroine into
truly to love and to belong to anybody. So
he depths of her soul. Roundness visualized
the traces of the transcendent function activ­
by circular summer house has a hidden mean­
ity in this dream could be noticed as her ef­
ing of all embracing wholeness where the
forts to induce the conscious and unconscious
cyclical motion of death, life, rebirth is tak­
resources of the personality in search of a
ing place. It provides the protective shelter
"

new level of adaptation.

L
for transformation to occur. In this context
the possibility of love-making expressed in
Archetypal level
the dream seems to imply much more than
There are many images in this dream carry­ simple sexual intercourse but a sacred act of
ing special archetypal meaning and the whole transformation through love: transformation
plot refers to the constellation of the that makes possible to experience the sacred
coniunctio archetype. Attempting a histori­ power of instincts and opens a new way of
cal mythological amplification, it looks like experiencing love itself as a harmonious in­
some kind of repetition of mysterious rituals terplay of physical and spiritual energies.
enacted in the temples of love goddess in Perhaps this dream underworld experience

92
initiates the dreamer's soul into a new state to find some ways of structuralizing their
of being. But the process of the deepening content. Theoretical standpoints provided by
of the soul cannot be easy and painless. True the Developmental, Classical and Archetypal
love demands and torments and the dangers schools of analytical psychology each in a
of making a wrong step or temptation to specific manner contribute to the more de­
escape into the safety of the former state are tailed analysis of the dreams. As it could be
always present. It evokes anxiety and fear noticed from the clinical case example pre­
because archetypal experience "do.es not sented in this paper, three-level interpreta­
ground", it opens the ways for a new cre­ tion reveals the information related to differ­
ative functioning in life. ent spheres of analytical changes taking part

in the course of therapy, i.e., changes in

Conclusions analysand's personality structure on the sub­
jective level, development of the pattern of
This attempt of the three level interpreta­
therapeutic interactions on the objective level,
tion of dreams clearly shows how relevant is
Jung's notion of the similarities of the dream and at last reaches the deepest level of ar­

interpretation and art. It seems, the only one chetypal dimensions of the soul. Of course, it

possible way or the only one right interpre­ is impossible to define strict boundaries be­

tation of dream's content cannot be stated tween these three levels as in some points

as there is constant interplay between the their symbolic layers are interconnected and

activity of the dreamer's imagination and con­ the main meaning thread runs through the

scious efforts of analysts: his/her knowledge, dream content independently of the mode of

theoretical orientation, education, etc. More­ its exploration maintaining the general integ­

over it is an inevitable interaction of two rity of the psyche.

personalities, two souls, and some symbolic Anyway the conclusion could be drawn that
fusion of their conscious and unconscious the dream analysis using theories of analyti­
worlds, it seems, occurs. cal psychology could be formulated as an
Nevertheless, in such condition of abun­ independent method of working with dreams
dance of meaningful material that is expressed and approaching their content in the most
in dream imagery it is very important to try overall way.

References

1. Hillman, J. (1979). The Dream and the Under­ 4. Jung, C. G. (1976). Mysterium Coniunctionis.
world. New York. Harper and Row. CW 14. New York. Princeton University Press.
2. Jung, C. G. (1981). The Structure and Dynam­ 5. Jung, C. G. (1985). The Practice of Psycho­
ics of the Psyche. CW 8. New York. Princeton Uni­ therapy. CW 16. New York. Princeton University
versity Press. Press.
3. Jung, C. G. (1977). Psychology and Alchemy. 6. Neumann, E. (1976). The Child. New York.
CW 12. New York. Princeton University Press. Harper.

93
 7. Ogden, T. H. (1990). The Matrix of the Mind: 9. Stevens, A. (1995). Private Myths: Dreams and
Object Relations and the Psychoanalytic Dialogue. Dreaming. Harvard University Press. Cambridge.
London. Jason Aronson Inc. 10. The Portable Jung l Ed. J. Compbell (1988).
8. Samuels, A. (1985). Jung and the Post-Jungians. New York. Penguin Books.
London and New York. Routledge and Kegan.

SAPNŲ ANALIZĖ ANALITINĖS PSICHOLOGIJOS POŽIŪRIU

Saulė Buzaitė
Santrauka

Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamas trijų šiuo metu gy­ rinio lygmenį; vystymosi kryptyje - i perkėlimo ir kon­
vuojančių analitinės psichologijos teorijų: klasikinės, traperkėlimo procesus, objektyvųjį sapno turinio lyg­
vystymosi ir archetipinės, požiūris į sapnus. Aptariami menį; archetipinėje kryptyje - į archetipinę, mitinę
kiekvienai teorijai būdingi sapno turinio aiškinimo ypa­ sapno plotmę. Tuigi galima teigti, kad visos trys ana­
tumai. Praktinę dalį sudaro psichoterapijos proceso litinės psichologijos teorijos turi santykiškai savaran­
metu gautų sapnų analizė, remiantis anksčiau išvar­ kišką raiškos sritį, nors, žinoma, daugelis dalykų išlie­
dintais trimis analitiniais požiūriais. Ši interpretacija ka susiję ir bendri. Vis dėlto galima teigti, kad skirtin­
vaizdžiai iliustruoja tai, i ką kreipiamas pagrindinis gų teorinių požiūrių taikymas gali būti laikomas sava­
kiekvienos iš šių teorijų dėmesys: klasikinėje kryptyje rankišku metodu, leidžiančiu giliau pažvelgti j sapno
- i intrapersonalinius procesus, subjektyvųjį sapno tu- turinį psichoterapijos proceso metu.