What Is Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing means storing and accessing the data and programs on remote
servers that are hosted on the internet instead of the computer’s hard drive or
local server. Cloud computing is also referred to as Internet-based computing, it
is a technology where the resource is provided as a service through the Internet to
the user. The data that is stored can be files, images, documents, or any other
storable document.
The following are some of the Operations that can be performed with Cloud
Computing
 Storage, backup, and recovery of data
 Delivery of software on demand
 Development of new applications and services
 Streaming videos and audio

Understanding How Cloud Computing Works?

Cloud computing helps users in easily accessing computing resources like
storage, and processing over internet rather than local hardwares. Here we
discussing how it works in nutshell:
 Infrastructure: Cloud computing depends on remote network servers
hosted on internet for store, manage, and process the data.
 On-Demand Acess: Users can access cloud services and resources
based on-demand they can scale up or down the without having to
invest for physical hardware.
 Types of Services: Cloud computing offers various benefits such as
cost saving, scalability, reliability and acessibility it reduces capital
expenditures, improves efficiency.

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

The characteristics of cloud computing are given below:
On-Demand Self-Service: The Cloud services do not require any human administrators or
intervention, the user themselves are able to provision and manage computing resources as
needed.

Broad Network Access: The Computing services are generally provided over standard
networks and heterogeneous devices.

Resource Pooling: The IT resource (e.g., Compute, Networks, Storage, Applications, and
Database services) present are shared across multiple applications and occupants in an
uncommitted manner. Multiple clients are provided service from the same physical resource
of the cloud.

Rapid Elasticity: The Computing services should have IT resources that are able to scale out
and quickly and on a needed basis. Whenever the user requires services they will be provided
to him and it is scale-out as soon as the requirement of the user gets over.

Measured Service: The resource utilization is tracked and monitored for each application
and occupant, it will provide both the user and the resource provider and they are accountable
for what they have been used. This is done for various reasons like monitoring billing,
security concerns, and effective use of resources.

BENEFITS OF CLOUD COMPUTING:

Highly Scalable:You can scale up/scale down your operation and storage needs as quickly to suit
your situation, allowing flexibility as required.
 More Flexible :The cloud offers businesses more flexibility overall versus hosting on a local
server.

Reduced Infrastructure Cost: Moving to the cloud may reduce the cost of managing and
maintaining your IT systems

Higher Security: Users will buy more than in traditional environments, based on their reputations
for their integrity, confidentiality, and resilience, and the safety services of their providers.

High Availability : The term High Availability refers to a system (a network, a server array or
cluster, etc.) that is designed to avoid loss of service by reducing or managing failures and
minimizing planned downtime.

Disaster Recovery : One of the factors that contribute to the success of a business is controlling
the resources. Cloud services provide quick data recovery for all kinds of emergency scenarios,
from natural disasters to power outages.

Fault Tolerance : The term “High Availability” refers to a system (a network, database, storage,
and a server array or cluster, etc.) that is designed to avoid loss of service by reducing or
managing failures of the equipment and minimizing planned downtime.

No Location Constraints: For cloud computing, you have the ability to access your data from
the home, office, or any other location (providing you have an internet connection).

Cloud Service Models

There are the following three types of cloud service models -

1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is a computing infrastructure
managed over the internet. The main advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to avoid
the cost and complexity of purchasing and managing the physical servers.
Characteristics of IaaS
There are the following characteristics of IaaS -

o Resources are available as a service

o Services are highly scalable
o Dynamic and flexible
o GUI and API-based access
o Automated administrative tasks

Example: DigitalOcean, Linode, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google
Compute Engine (GCE), Rackspace, and Cisco Metacloud.

IaaS provider provides the following services -

Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central processing units and virtual main
memory for the Vms that is provisioned to the end- users.

Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for storing files.

Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking components such as routers,

switches, and bridges for the Vms.

Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the infrastructure layer.

Advantages of IaaS cloud computing layer

There are the following advantages of IaaS computing layer -

1. Shared infrastructure : IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical infrastructure.
2. Web access to the resources :Iaas allows IT users to access resources over the internet.
3. Pay-as-per-use model : IaaS providers provide services based on the pay-as-per-use basis.
The users are required to pay for what they have used.
4. Focus on the core business : IaaS providers focus on the organization's core business rather
than on IT infrastructure.
5. On-demand scalability : On-demand scalability is one of the biggest advantages of IaaS.
Using IaaS, users do not worry about to upgrade software and troubleshoot the issues related
to hardware components.
Disadvantages of IaaS cloud computing layer
1. Security : Security is one of the biggest issues in IaaS. Most of the IaaS providers are not
able to provide 100% security.
2. Maintenance & Upgrade : Although IaaS service providers maintain the software, but they
do not upgrade the software for some organizations.
3. Interoperability issues : It is difficult to migrate VM from one IaaS provider to the other, so
the customers might face problem related to vendor lock-in.
IaaS Providers:

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS cloud computing platform is created for the programmer to develop, test, run, and
manage the applications.

Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime environment. It allows programmers to

easily create, test, run, and deploy web applications. You can purchase these applications
from a cloud service provider on a pay-as-per use basis and access them using the Internet
connection. In PaaS, back end scalability is managed by the cloud service provider, so end-
users do not need to worry about managing the infrastructure.

PaaS includes infrastructure (servers, storage, and networking) and platform (middleware,
development tools, database management systems, business intelligence, and more) to
support the web application life cycle.

Characteristics of PaaS
There are the following characteristics of PaaS -

o Accessible to various users via the same development application.

o Integrates with web services and databases.
o Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can easily be scaled up or down as per the
organization's need.
o Support multiple languages and frameworks.
o Provides an ability to "Auto-scale".

Example: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku, Force.com, Google App
Engine, Apache Stratos, Magento Commerce Cloud, and OpenShift.

PaaS providers provide the Programming languages, Application frameworks, Databases, and
Other tools:
1. Programming languages :

PaaS providers provide various programming languages for the developers to develop the
applications. Some popular programming languages provided by PaaS providers are Java,
PHP, Ruby, Perl, and Go.

2. Application frameworks

PaaS providers provide application frameworks to easily understand the application

development. Some popular application frameworks provided by PaaS providers are Node.js,
Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, Spring, Play, Rack, and Zend.

3. Databases

PaaS providers provide various databases such as ClearDB, PostgreSQL,MongoDB, and

Redis to communicate with the applications.

4. Other tools

PaaS providers provide various other tools that are required to develop, test,and deploy the
applications.

PaaS Providers:

Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS is also known as "on-demand software". It is a software in which the applications are
hosted by a cloud service provider. Users can access these applications with the help of
internet connection and web browser.

Characteristics of SaaS
There are the following characteristics of SaaS -

o Managed from a central location

o Hosted on a remote server
o Accessible over the internet
o Users are not responsible for hardware and software updates. Updates are applied
automatically.
o The services are purchased on the pay-as-per-use basis

Example: BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce, Dropbox, ZenDesk, Cisco WebEx,

ZenDesk, Slack, and GoToMeeting.

SaaS Services:
There are the following services provided by SaaS providers -

Business Services - SaaS Provider provides various business services to start-up the business. The
SaaS business services include ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship
Management), billing, and sales.
Document Management - SaaS document management is a software application offered by a third
party (SaaS providers) to create, manage, and track electronic documents.
Example: Slack, Samepage, Box, and Zoho Forms.
Social Networks - As we all know, social networking sites are used by the general public, so social
networking service providers use SaaS for their convenience and handle the general public's
information.
Mail Services - To handle the unpredictable number of users and load on e-mail services, many e-
mail providers offering their services using SaaS.

SaaS PROVIDERS:
Difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
The below table shows the difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS -

IaaS Paas SaaS

It provides a virtual data center to It provides virtual platforms and It provides web software and
store information and create tools to create, test, and deploy apps to complete business
platforms for app development, apps. tasks.
testing, and deployment.

It provides access to resources It provides runtime environments It provides software as a

such as virtual machines, virtual and deployment tools for service to the end-users.
storage, etc. applications.

It is used by network architects. It is used by developers. It is used by end users.

IaaS provides only Infrastructure. PaaS provides SaaS provides

Infrastructure+Platform. Infrastructure+Platform
+Software.

Cloud Deployment Model?

Cloud Deployment Model functions as a virtual computing environment with a
deployment architecture that varies depending on the amount of data you want to
store and who has access to the infrastructure.

Types of Cloud Computing Deployment Models

The cloud deployment model identifies the specific type of cloud environment
based on ownership, scale, and access, as well as the cloud’s nature and purpose.
The location of the servers you’re utilizing and who controls them are defined by
a cloud deployment model. Different types of cloud computing deployment
models are described below.
 Public Cloud
 Private Cloud
 Hybrid Cloud
 Community Cloud
Public Cloud
The public cloud allows anyone to access systems and services over the internet.
While it’s convenient, it may be less secure because it's open to everyone. In a
public cloud, the cloud services and infrastructure are owned by the provider, not
the user. This model is a common type of cloud hosting, where the provider
offers services to many different customers. Services like storage, backup, and
retrieval can be free, subscription-based, or charged per user. An example of this
is Google App Engine etc.

Public Cloud

Advantages of the Public Cloud Model

 Minimal Investment: Because it is a pay-per-use service, there is no
substantial upfront fee, making it excellent for enterprises that require
immediate access to resources.
 No setup cost: The entire infrastructure is fully subsidized by the cloud
service providers, thus there is no need to set up any hardware.
 Infrastructure Management is not required: Using the public cloud
does not necessitate infrastructure management.
 No maintenance: The maintenance work is done by the service
provider (not users).
 Dynamic Scalability: To fulfill your company’s needs, on-demand
resources are accessible.
Disadvantages of the Public Cloud Model
 Less secure: Public cloud is less secure as resources are public so there
is no guarantee of high-level security.
  Low customization: It is accessed by many public so it can’t be
customized according to personal requirements.

Private Cloud
The private cloud is the opposite of the public cloud. It’s a dedicated environment
for just one user or organization, so you don’t have to share your hardware with
anyone else. In a private cloud, all the hardware is controlled by the organization,
rather than being shared with others. It’s sometimes called the "internal cloud"
because it’s used within a specific organization or group.
A private cloud is set up in a secure environment, protected by strong firewalls,
and managed by the organization's IT team. This setup gives the organization
more control and flexibility over its cloud resources.

Private Cloud

Advantages of the Private Cloud Model

 Better Control: You are the sole owner of the property. You gain
complete command over service integration, IT operations, policies,
and user behavior.
 Data Security and Privacy: It’s suitable for storing corporate
information to which only authorized staff have access. By segmenting
resources within the same infrastructure, improved access and security
can be achieved.
 Supports Legacy Systems: This approach is designed to work with
legacy systems that are unable to access the public cloud.
 Customization: Unlike a public cloud deployment, a private cloud
allows a company to tailor its solution to meet its specific needs.
Disadvantages of the Private Cloud Model
 Less scalable: Private clouds are scaled within a certain range as there
is less number of clients.
 Costly: Private clouds are more costly as they provide personalized
facilities.
Hybrid Cloud
Hybrid cloud computing combines the benefits of both public and private clouds
using special software to connect them. With a hybrid approach, you can keep
your app in a secure environment (private cloud) while also taking advantage of
the cost savings offered by the public cloud. This setup allows organizations to
move data and applications between different clouds, using a mix of public and
private cloud services, based on what they need.

Hybrid Cloud

Advantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model

 Flexibility and control: Businesses with more flexibility can design
personalized solutions that meet their particular needs.
 Cost: Because public clouds provide scalability, you’ll only be
responsible for paying for the extra capacity if you require it.
 Security: Because data is properly separated, the chances of data theft
by attackers are considerably reduced.
Disadvantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model
 Difficult to manage: Hybrid clouds are difficult to manage as it is a
combination of both public and private cloud. So, it is complex.
 Slow data transmission: Data transmission in the hybrid cloud takes
place through the public cloud so latency occurs.
Community Cloud
A community cloud makes systems and services available to a group of
organizations. It’s a shared system created by combining services from different
clouds to meet the specific needs of a community, industry, or business. The
cloud’s infrastructure is shared by organizations that have similar goals or tasks.
It is usually managed by a third party or by a group of organizations within the
community.
 Community Cloud

Advantages of the Community Cloud Model

 Cost Effective: It is cost-effective because the cloud is shared by
multiple organizations or communities.
 Security: Community cloud provides better security.
 Shared resources: It allows you to share resources, infrastructure, etc.
with multiple organizations.
 Collaboration and data sharing: It is suitable for both collaboration
and data sharing.
Disadvantages of the Community Cloud Model
 Limited Scalability: Community cloud is relatively less scalable as
many organizations share the same resources according to their
collaborative interests.
 Rigid in customization: As the data and resources are shared among
different organizations according to their mutual interests if an
organization wants some changes according to their needs they cannot
do so because it will have an impact on other organizations.


Cloud Computing Architecture

As we know, cloud computing technology is used by both small and large organizations
to store the information in cloud and access it from anywhere at anytime using the internet
connection.

Cloud computing architecture is a combination of service-oriented architecture and event-

driven architecture.

Cloud computing architecture is divided into the following two parts -

o Front End
o Back End

The below diagram shows the architecture of cloud computing -

Front End
The front end is used by the client. It contains client-side interfaces and applications that are
required to access the cloud computing platforms. The front end includes web servers
(including Chrome, Firefox, internet explorer, etc.), thin & fat clients, tablets, and mobile
devices.

Back End
The back end is used by the service provider. It manages all the resources that are required to
provide cloud computing services. It includes a huge amount of data storage, security
mechanism, virtual machines, deploying models, servers, traffic control mechanisms, etc.

Note: Both front end and back end are connected to others through a network, generally using
the internet connection.

Components of Cloud Computing Architecture

There are the following components of cloud computing architecture -

1. Client Infrastructure

Client Infrastructure is a Front end component. It provides GUI (Graphical User Interface) to
interact with the cloud.

2. Application

The application may be any software or platform that a client wants to access.

3. Service

A Cloud Services manages that which type of service you access according to the client’s
requirement.

Cloud computing offers the following three type of services:

i. Software as a Service (SaaS) – It is also known as cloud application services. Mostly,
SaaS applications run directly through the web browser means we do not require to download
and install these applications. Some important example of SaaS is given below –

Example: Google Apps, Salesforce Dropbox, Slack, Hubspot, Cisco WebEx.

ii. Platform as a Service (PaaS) – It is also known as cloud platform services. It is quite
similar to SaaS, but the difference is that PaaS provides a platform for software creation, but
using SaaS, we can access software over the internet without the need of any platform.

Example: Windows Azure, Force.com, Magento Commerce Cloud, OpenShift.

iii. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – It is also known as cloud infrastructure services.

It is responsible for managing applications data, middleware, and runtime environments.

Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS) EC2, Google Compute Engine (GCE), Cisco
Metapod.

4. Runtime Cloud

Runtime Cloud provides the execution and runtime environment to the virtual machines.

5. Storage

Storage is one of the most important components of cloud computing. It provides a huge
amount of storage capacity in the cloud to store and manage data.

6. Infrastructure

It provides services on the host level, application level, and network level. Cloud
infrastructure includes hardware and software components such as servers, storage, network
devices, virtualization software, and other storage resources that are needed to support the
cloud computing model.

7. Management

Management is used to manage components such as application, service, runtime cloud,

storage, infrastructure, and other security issues in the backend and establish coordination
between them.

8. Security

Security is an in-built back end component of cloud computing. It implements a security

mechanism in the back end.

9. Internet

The Internet is medium through which front end and back end can interact and communicate
with each other.

Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture

 Makes overall cloud computing system simpler.
 Improves data processing requirements.
 Helps in providing high security.
  Makes it more modularized.
 Results in better disaster recovery.
 Gives good user accessibility.
 Reduces IT operating costs.
 Provides high level reliability.
 Scalability.

APPLICATIONS OF CLOUD COMPUTING:

Cloud Computing has its applications in almost all the fields such as business, entertainment, data
storage, social networking, management, entertainment, education, art and global positioning
system, etc.

Business Applications
Cloud computing has made businesses more collaborative and easy by incorporating various apps
such as MailChimp, Chatter, Google Apps for business, and Quickbooks.

SN Application Description

MailChimp
1 It offers an e-mail publishing platform. It is widely employed by the businesses to
design and send their e-mail campaigns.

Chatter
2 Chatter app helps the employee to share important information about organization in
real time. One can get the instant feed regarding any issue.

Google Apps for Business

Google offers creating text documents, spreadsheets, presentations, etc.,
3
on Google Docs which allows the business users to share them in collaborating
manner.

Quickbooks
4 It offers online accounting solutions for a business. It helps in monitoring cash
flow, creating VAT returns and creating business reports.
Data Storage and Backup
Box.com, Mozy, Joukuu are the applications offering data storage and backup services in cloud.

SN Application Description

Box.com
1 Box.com offers drag and drop service for files. The users need to drop the files into
Box and access from anywhere.

Mozy
2
Mozy offers online backup service for files to prevent data loss.

Joukuu
3 Joukuu is a web-based interface. It allows to display a single list of contents for files
stored in Google Docs, Box.net and Dropbox.

Management Applications
There are apps available for management task such as time tracking, organizing
notes. Applications performing such tasks are discussed below:

SN Application Description

Toggl
1
It helps in tracking time period assigned to a particular project.

Evernote
2 It organizes the sticky notes and even can read the text from images which helps the
user to locate the notes easily.

Outright
3 It is an accounting app. It helps to track income, expenses, profits and losses in real
time.

Social Applications
There are several social networking services providing websites such as Facebook, Twitter, etc.

SN Application Description

Facebook
1 It offers social networking service. One can share photos, videos, files, status and
much more.

Twitter
2 It helps to interact with the public directly. One can follow any celebrity, organization
and any person, who is on twitter and can have latest updates regarding the same.

Entertainment Applications
SN Application Description

Audio box.fm
1 It offers streaming service. The music files are stored online and can be played from
cloud using the own media player of the service.

Art Applications
SN Application Description

1 Moo
It offers art services such as designing and printing business cards,
postcards and mini cards.

What is System Design for Cloud Computing?

Systems design for cloud computing refers to architecting and planning the structure
of applications and systems that leverage cloud services and resources. It
encompasses various aspects such as scalability, reliability, security, and cost-
efficiency to optimize the performance and effectiveness of applications in cloud
environments.
Core Design Principles for Cloud Computing
Below are some core design principles for cloud computing:
1. Scalability
Scalability is the capability of a system to enhance its capacity as the size of the load
rises by putting up more resources in the system. In cloud computing this means being
able to think of architectures, that can scale out, that is add more instances at a time
and scale up, that is increasing the power of each of the instances. Key techniques
include:
 Horizontal Scaling: Adding more instances to balance the load of how
frequently a certain page is accessed by the users.
 Vertical Scaling: This particular pattern involves expanding the number of
existing instances, which are considered as a means of raising the capability of
a given establishment.
 Auto-Scaling: Dynamic resource supply which means the resources that are
allocated to meet the users’ needs are likely to be varied.
2. Reliability and Fault Tolerance
Reliability guarantees that a system will deliver the required functionality hence its
definition as the correctness of operation, while in fault tolerance it is defined as the
ability of a system to provide the required functionality despite the failure of some of
its parts. Strategies include:
 Redundancy: There is no doubt that replication of vital elements and
solutions.
 Failover Mechanisms: Switching to the standby resources on its own.
 Data Replication: Backup – it means copying data to different sites.
3. Performance Optimization
Performance optimization is the process that is aimed at minimizing the amount of
time that is taken and maximizing the quantities of data that are transferred.
Techniques include:
 Load Balancing: Redirecting and diffused traffic to various servers.
 Caching: Caching frequently used data into memory.
 Content Delivery Networks (CDNs): Content delivery closer to the
customers.
4. Security
 Security in cloud systems may be defined as the safety of the data and applications in
cloud systems against insurgent access and threats. Best practices include:
 Encryption: Preserving data stored in impart storage devices and when
transmitted through the network.
 Identity and Access Management (IAM): Restriction of people’s access to
certain resources.
 Network Security: Setting up of firewalls and virtual private networks.
5. Cost Efficiency
Operational efficiency is about how one can be economical in their usage of the cloud
resources to the lowest levels. Techniques include:
 Resource Provisioning: Providing resources to customers so that they can
precisely make their expected level of purchases.
 Spot Instances: Using lower-cost, or surplus, elements of the cloud.
 Cost Monitoring and Analysis: Monitoring and measuring the utilization to
check for possible areas of spending reduction.

INTRODUCTION TO OPENSTACK
OpenStack is a cloud OS that is used to control the large pools of computing, storage, and
networking resources within a data center. OpenStack is an open-source and free software
platform. This is essentially used and implemented as an IaaS for cloud computing.

We can call the OpenStack a software platform that uses pooled virtual resources to create and
manage private and public cloud. OpenStack offers many cloud-related services (such as
networking, storage, image services, identity, etc.) by default. This can be handled by users
through a web-based dashboard, a RESTful API, or command-line tools. OpenStack manages a
lot of virtual machines; this permits the usage of physical resources to be reduced.

Basic Principles of OpenStack

Open Source: Under the Apache 2.0 license, OpenStack is coded and published. Apache allows
the community to use it for free.

Open Design: For the forthcoming update, the development group holds a Design Summit every
6 months.

Open Development: The developers maintain a source code repository that is freely accessible
through projects like the Ubuntu Linux distribution via entig100s.

Open Community: OpenStack allows open and transparent documentation for the community.

Components of OpenStack
Major components of OpenStack are given below:

Compute (Nova): Compute is a controller that is used to manage resources in virtualized

environments. It handles several virtual machines and other instances that perform computing
tasks.

Object Storage (Swift): To store and retrieve arbitrary data in the cloud, object storage is used. In
Swift, it is possible to store the files, objects, backups, images, videos, virtual machines, and other
unstructured data. Developers may use a special identifier for referring the file and objects in
place of the path, which directly points to a file and allows the OpenStack to manage where to
store the files.
Block Storage (Cinder): This works in the traditional way of attaching and detaching an external
hard drive to the OS for its local use. Cinder manages to add, remove, create new disk space in the
server. This component provides the virtual storage for the virtual machines in the system.

Networking (Neutron): This component is used for networking in OpenStack. Neutron manages
all the network-related queries, such as IP address management, routers, subnets, firewalls, VPNs,
etc. It confirms that all the other components are well connected with the OpenStack.

Dashboard (Horizon): This is the first component that the user sees in the OpenStack. Horizon is
the web UI (user interface) component used to access the other back-end services. Through
individual API (Application programming interface), developers can access the OpenStack's
components, but through the dashboard, system administrators can look at what is going on in the
cloud and manage it as per their need.

Identity Service (Keystone): It is the central repository of all the users and their permissions for
the OpenStack services they use. This component is used to manage identity services like
authorization, authentication, AWS Styles (Amazon Web Services) logins, token-based systems,
and checking the other credentials (username & password).

Image Service (Glance): The glance component is used to provide the image services to
OpenStack. Here, image service means the images or virtual copies of hard disks. When we plan
to deploy a new virtual machine instance, then glance allows us to use these images as templates.
Glance allows virtual box (VDI), VMware (VMDK, OVF), Raw, Hyper-V (VHD) and KVM
(qcow2) virtual images.

Telemetry (Ceilometer): It is used to meter the usage and report it to OpenStack's individual
users. So basically, Telementry provides billing services to OpenStack's individual users.

Orchestration (Heat): It allows the developers to store the cloud application's necessities as a file
so that all-important resources are available in handy. This component organizes many complex
applications of the cloud through the templates, via both the local OpenStack REST API and
Query API.

Shared File System (Manila): It offers storage of the file to a virtual machine. This component
gives an infrastructure for managing and provisioning file shares.

Elastic Map-reduce (Sahara): The Sahara component offers a simple method to the users to
preplanned Hadoop clusters by referring to the multiple options such as the Hadoop version,
cluster topology and hardware details of nodes and some more.

AWS?
AWS stands for Amazon Web Services, It is an expanded cloud computing platform provided
by Amazon Company. AWS provides a wide range of services with a pay-as-per-use pricing
model over the Internet such as Storage, Computing power, Databases, Machine
Learning services, and much more.

Why Is It Used?

AWS facilitates for both businesses and individual users with effectively hosting the applications,
storing the data securely, and making use of a wide variety of tools and services improving
management flexibility for IT resources.

TOP AWS SERVICES

 Amazon EC2(Elastic Compute Cloud) : It provides the Scalable computing power via
cloud allowing the users to run applications and manage the workloads over their remotely.
 Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service ): It offers scalable object Storage as a Service with
high durability for storing and retrieving any amount of data.
 AWS Lambda: AWS Lambda is designed to support any load of development. You handle
the coding, and AWS Lambda will offer the right amounts of support and required resources
while scaling to ensure your systems are no longer stretched past capacity.
 Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service): This is an aws service that simplifies the
management of database providing high available relational databases in the cloud.

• Amazon VPC (Virtual Private Cloud): It enables the users to create isolated networks with
option of public and private expose within the AWS cloud, providing safe and adaptable
configurations of their resources
• AWS Autoscaling – It can manage fleets of servers and the incoming traffic. Multiple
instances are created when needed.
• AWS IAM- AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM). Unquestionably, security has a
lot to do with access and what gets accessed. This service offers an effective fortification of
sensitive data and AWS resources.
• Amazon SNS(Simple Notification Service)-This is an event-driven computing hub that
alerts subscriber services to perform tasks automatically in response to specified triggers.
• AWS Beanstalk- It offers autoscaling to ensure automatic updates of new software. And, this
service runs automatically. AWS Beanstalk really is a timesaver. It automates the setup,
configuration, and provisioning of other AWS services such as EC2, RDS, and S3.

AWS ARCHITECTURE
• AWS architecture is a process of planning, designing, and implementing AWS resources in a
cloud infrastructure. Various AWS resources connect in a structured way that allows data to
flow seamlessly.
Five Pillars of AWS Architecture

The five pillars of AWS Architecture are:

1. Security
2. Reliability
3. Performance Efficiency
4. Cost Optimization
5. Operation Excellence

COMPONENTS OF AWS ARCHITECTURE

Various AWS components create AWS Architecture, but some of the most used components
are:

Elastic Load Balancer

ELB or Elastic Load Balancer uses request routing algorithms to distribute the traffic
automatically. It handles all the incoming and outgoing traffic and can scale its load balancing
capability based on real-time traffic. It ensures high performance with high fault tolerance.

AmazonCloudFront

Amazon CloudFront is a Content Delivery Network (CDN) service. It handles the delivery of
static and dynamic content stored in global network locations. The content can be of many types
like streaming content, images, gif, etc. It enhances the performance by requesting content from
the nearest location automatically.

AmazonRDS
Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) is a database service that stores data in tables. It is an
easily accessible, manageable and cost-efficient service.
AmazonElastiCache
Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory cache service that stores data and maintains
the cache. It improves the performance of web applications with fast retrieval of information from
the in-memorycache.

AWS Architecure contains Web, App and Database tiers. The AWS region bounds all the
components present in the architecture. Inside the region are the availability zones AZ1 and AZ2.
The inner boxes in the above image are of VPC (Virtual Private Cloud). In a VPC, three subnets
are present as Web, App and Database tier from top to bottom.

• Web Tier: It contains web servers like Apache.

• App Tier: It contains app servers.
• Database Tier: It contains database services like Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service).

How AWS Architecture: Web, App and DB tier will work?

1. When a user visits the app URL, it gets checked by the DNS (Domain Name
System) management system called Route 53.
2. The user request will then go through the load balancer that maintains all the incoming and
outgoing traffic.
3. This traffic will finally go to the web and app tier and then connect with the database tier.
4. The database tier contains one Amazon ElastiCache for fast data access and one Amazon
RDS DB Instance. One more Amazon RDS DB Instance is present in Availability Zone 2 that
will act as a standby database for disaster recovery solutions.
5. One S3 Bucket connects with the Web tier and the database tier for the backup solution to
store the static data like images and GIFs.
6. The request to access the content will go to the Content Delivery Network that
is CloudFront.
7. Also, this complete Architecture can integrate with other services like CloudWatch, Amazon
Dynamo DB, SES, AWS SNS, and more.
AWS Advantages & Disadvantages