First Aid Bandaging

Dressings Bangages Examination Order:

Purpose Properties Purpose 1.​ Rib Fracture

-​ Cover and protect wound -​ Clean -​ Direct pressure on wound 2.​ Bleeding
-​ Prevent/ reduce infections -​ Soft -​ Holds dressing 3.​ Other Fractures
-​ Absorb body liquids -​ Good absorbent -​ Limits swelling
-​ Help control bleeding -​ Non airtight -​ Provide support
-​ Non stick -​ Limit movement
-​ Non fluffy

Triangle Bandage

Open

Broad Fold
-​ Lay out triangle bandage
-​ Fold once Point touching Base
-​ Fold once more in half
Narrow Fold
-​ Lay out triangle bandage
-​ Fold once Point touching Base
-​ Fold once more in half
-​ Fold again in half
Reef Knot

Tying a Reef Knot Untying a Reef Knot

1.​ Make a simple knot with left over right 1.​ Pull one end upwards until its curves have been pulled into a
2.​ Then another knot with right over left straight line.
2.​ Simply slide the double-loop up and outwards along the
straight lace until it falls off the end.

Roller Bandages

Holding the roll -> Inside of the roll should be facing upwards -​ Use 2-inch roll for any injury in the upper limbs
-​ Use 3-inch roll for any injury in the lower limbs
-​ Wrapping: the roll should be facing the outside the
limb (away from the body) when going over the limb.
-​ Starting and Finishing typically is going over 2x
-​ Each turn covers the previous turns by 2/3s leaving
1/3 showing
-​ Finish on the outside of the limb
 Slings

Arm Slings

-​ Injured arm placed across chest at 80˚- 85˚. (Ask Casualty to support their injured arm)
-​ Open triangluar bandage with Point pointing to the injured side
-​ Pass top End of the bandage under the arm bring towards the shoulder of the uninjured side
-​ Bring the End around the back of the neck and place on the shoulder of injured arm
-​ Place padding around the back of the neck if Casualty is not wearing collared clothing
-​ Bring the lower end up towards the shoulder of injured side meeting the other end; completely covering forearm
-​ Tie a reef knot in the hollow above collarbone (On injured side)
-​ Tuck the ends of the knot
-​ Twist the point into the sling
-​ All five fingernails should be visible
For injuries on upperarm to
forearm including wrist.

Elevation Slings

-​ Injured arm placed diagonally across chest middle finger touching middle of collarbone. (Ask Casualty to support
their injured arm)
-​ Open triangluar bandage with Point pointing to the injured side
-​ Place triangluar bandage on top of injured arm with the End just extended to the top of casualty’s ear,
-​ Point should be just above Casualty’s elbow ([Link]’s logo at the elbow.)
-​ Tuck bandage base under Casualty’s palm, forearm and under the armpit
-​ Bring lower end of the bandage diagonally across their back to meet the other end at the shoulder.
-​ Tie a reef knot in the hollow above collarbone (On non injured side)
-​ Tuck the ends of the knot
-​ Pinky side of the hand should be fully covered and supported
For injuries on fingers and hand
 Bleeding Bandages

Simple Spiraling Bandages

Forearm Upperarm Thigh Lower Leg

General
-​ Cover wound with dressing (ask Casualty to apply pressure on the dressing)
-​ Place tail of the bandage below the dressing, Turn twice to begin bandaging.
-​ Proceed sprialing upwards until the dressing is completely covered
-​ Make sure each turn covers the previous turns by 2/3s leaving 1/3 showing
-​ Finish with 2 straight turns
-​ Secure bandage on the outside of the limb
Forearm & Upperarm
-​ Support injured arm in an arm sling
Thigh & Lower Leg
-​ Make sure the limb is elevated
Herringbone Bandaging

Elbow Knee Heel

-​ Place Casualty’s hand on hip to maintain a -​ Ask Casualty to slightly bend her knee -​ Have the heel elevated off the ground
90˚ angle -​ Make sure Casualty is sitting on the ground -​ Make sure Casualty is sitting on the ground

-​ Cover wound with dressing (ask Casualty to apply pressure on the dressing)
-​ Place Tail of the bandage directly on the joint and cover the dressing, Turn twice to begin bandaging
-​ Make a turn directly at the joint; either above or below the joint. Only covering one-third of the bandage from the starting bandage
-​ Make another turn directly at the joint: alternating either above or below the joint. Only covering one-third of the bandage from the starting bandage
-​ Continue to alternate between above the joint and below the joint. Making sure to cover the previous turn by 2/3s leaving 1/3 showing and turning
directly at the joint.
-​ Finish when you can count 5 layers, see 4 lines or have covered the dressing.
-​ Finish with 2 straight turns at the upper limb. (end closest to the main body)
-​ Secure bandage on the outside of the limb

-​ Support elbow with an arm sling -​ Keep knee bent -​ Have the heel elevated off the ground
Figure 8 Bandaging

Palm Back Of Hand

-​ Cover wound with dressing (ask Casualty to apply pressure on the -​ Cover wound with dressing (ask Casualty to apply pressure on the
dressing) dressing)
-​ Place Tail at the wrist ;Turn twice to begin bandaging -​ Place Tail at the wrist ;Turn twice to begin bandaging
-​ Bring bandage diagonally across the palm to the index finger; covering -​ Bring bandage diagonally across the back os the hand to the nail of
the dressing. pinky; covering the dressing.
-​ Bandage across the back of hand and make a straight turn. -​ Bandage across the palm of the hand and make a straight turn.
-​ Pass the bandage diagonally across the palm; from pinky to outside of -​ Pass the bandage diagonally across the palm; from index finger to
the wrist. (Make sure the coloured lines are touching.) outside of the wrist. (Make sure the coloured lines are touching.)
-​ Continue to pass the bandage diagonally over the palm in figure 8’s. -​ Continue to pass the bandage diagonally over the palm in figure 8’s.
-​ Making sure to cover the previous turn by 2/3s leaving 1/3 showing -​ Making sure to cover the previous turn by 2/3s leaving 1/3 showing
-​ (Dont forget the triangle) -​ (Dont forget the triangle)
-​ Finish when you can see 3 diagonal lines on one side or when the -​ Finish when you can see 3 diagonal lines on one side or when the
dressing is completely covered. dressing is completely covered.
-​ Finish with 2 straight turns at wrist. -​ Finish with 2 straight turns at wrist.
-​ Secure bandage on the outside of the limb -​ Secure bandage on the outside of the limb

-​ Support the hand with a elevation sling -​ Support the hand with a elevation sling
 Soles & Instep

-​ Make sure the foot is elevated and Casualty is sitting on the ground
-​ Cover wound with dressing
-​ Place Tail above the ankle; Turn twice to begin bandaging
-​ Bring bandage diagonally across the instep to the little toe.
-​ Bandage across the sole and make a straight turn. (Don’t cover the toes)
-​ Pass the bandage diagonally across the instep; from big toe to outside of the ankle. (Make sure
the coloured lines are touching.)
-​ Continue to pass the bandage diagonally over the instep in figure 8’s.
-​ Making sure to cover the previous turn by 2/3s leaving 1/3 showing
-​ (Dont forget the triangle)
-​ Finish when you can see 3 diagonal lines on one side or when the dressing is completely covered.
-​ Finish with 2 straight turns at the ankle.
-​ Secure bandage on the outside of the limb

Palm

-​ Use thick layer of dressing 6- 10 layers

-​ Ask the Casualty to clench her fist and raise the injured hand just above the heart.
-​ Fold triangular bandage to a narrow fold.
-​ Place on the first set of finger bones
-​ Cross the ends at the base of the inner wristand bring to the back of the hand.
-​ Take one end and diagonally cross the back of the hand to the front covering 3 fingers
-​ Bring the other end diagonally cross the back of the hand to the front covering another 3 fingers
-​ Pull both ends across the inner wrist and bring to the back of the hand
-​ Tie a reef knot with both ends and tuck loose ends.
-​ Support the hand with an elevation sling.
 Head

-​ Cover wound with dressing (ask Casualty to apply pressure on the dressing)
-​ Stand behind casualty with open triangluar bandage
-​ Fold the base of the bandage ; 1 inch
-​ Place center of the base just above the Casualty’s eyebrow; 1 finger space above the eyebrow
-​ Ask Casualty to release hand from the dressing and rehold the dressing on top of the bandage.
-​ Wrap the ends over the head, tucking the base just above the ears
-​ Cross the two ends at the nape then bring towards the forehead
-​ Tie the ends in a reef knot at the centre of the forehead
-​ Tuck the ends away
-​ Pull on the point of the bandage making sure that the dressing is in contact with the head and
bandage
-​ Roll and tuck the point away.

Fracture Bandages
Upper Limb Fracture
Collarbone -​ Modified arm sling (knot at the nape of the neck)
-​ Broad Fold Bandage
-​ 1 inch above the elbow
-​ Tie reef knot above the hand.
-​ Place padding under the knot
-​ Tuck in loose ends

Upper arm -​ Place padding around the wound

-​ U shaped, can not wrap around the limb to preserve
circulation.
-​ Arm sling
-​ Broad Fold Bandage
-​ Be careful of fracture site
-​ 1 inch above the elbow
-​ Tie reef knot above the hand.
-​ Place padding under the knot
-​ Tuck in loose ends
Forearm -​ Place padding around the wound
-​ U shaped, can not wrap around the limb to preserve
circulation.
-​ Arm sling
-​ Broad Fold Bandage
-​ 1 inch above the elbow
-​ Tie reef knot above the hand.
-​ Place padding under the knot
-​ Tuck in loose ends

Wrist -​ Place padding around the wound

-​ U shaped, can not wrap around the limb to preserve
circulation.
-​ Arm sling
-​ Broad Fold Bandage
-​ 1 inch above the elbow
-​ Tie reef knot above the hand.
-​ Place padding under the knot
-​ Tuck in loose ends
Arm Fracture Close to Elbow -​ Ask Casualty to lie down
-​ Prepare 3 broad fold bandages
-​ Slip the Bandages under the Casualty’s body
-​ Place Padding inbetween the injured arm and the body
-​ 1st Bandage
-​ Placed at the wrist
-​ Covering half of the hand
-​ Tie reef knot of the opposite side of injury aroud the
pelvis.
-​ 2nd Bandage
-​ Placed 1 inch above fracture site
-​ Tie reef knot to ribcage
-​ 3rd Bandage
-​ Placed 1 inch below fracture site
-​ Tie reef knot to ribcage or pelvis.
-​ Place padding under the knot
-​ Tuck in loose ends and fan out the bandages

Hand and Finger Fracture -​ Place padding around the wound

-​ U shaped over the fingers
-​ Elevation sling
-​ Broad Fold Bandage
-​ 1 inch above the elbow
-​ Tie reef knot below the hand.
-​ Place padding under the knot
-​ Tuck in loose ends
 Rib Fracture

Simple -​ Arm sling on injured side

Complicated -​ Arm sling on injured side

-​ Coughing red frothy blood -​ Half sitting position inclined to injured side

Fial Chest -​ Arm sling on injured side

-​ Paradoxal breathing -​ Half sitting position inclined to injured side

2 Sided Rib Fracture -​ Place both arms in one arm sling

-​ Half sitting position inclined to injured side

Lower Limb Fracture

Pelvis -​ Have Casualty lie down

-​ Prepare 2 triangle bandages
-​ Slip the Bandages under the Casualty’s body
-​ Place Padding inbetween the the joint ; ankle and knee
-​ 1st Bandage (ankle)
-​ Narrow fold place longer end at the injured side
-​ Figure 8 around the feet and ankles
-​ Tie reef knot on the opposite side of the injury
-​ 2nd Bandage (knee)
-​ Broad Fold longer end at the injured side
-​ Tie reef knot tightly on the opposite side of the injury,
-​ Add padding to the knots
-​ Tuck loose ends and fan out bandages.
Thigh Bone -​ Have Casualty lie down
-​ Prepare 3 triangle bandages
-​ Slip the Bandages under the Casualty’s body
-​ Place Padding inbetween the the joint ; ankle and knee
-​ 1st Bandage (ankle)
-​ Narrow fold place longer end at the injured side
-​ Figure 8 around the feet and ankles
-​ Tie reef knot on the opposite side of the injury
-​ Add padding if there are no shoes.
-​ 2nd Bandage (knee)
-​ Broad fold place longer end at the injured side
-​ Tie reef knot tightly on the opposite side of the injury,
-​ Add padding to the knot
-​ 3rd Bandage
-​ Placed 1 inch above the frature site
-​ Broad fold place longer end at the injured side
-​ Tie reef knot tightly on the opposite side of the injury,
-​ Add padding to the knot
-​ 4th Bandage
-​ Placed 1 inch below the frature site
-​ Broad fold place longer end at the injured side
-​ Tie reef knot tightly on the opposite side of the injury,
-​ Add padding to the knot
-​ Tuck in loose ends
Lower Leg -​ Have Casualty lie down
-​ Prepare 3 triangle bandages
-​ Slip the Bandages under the Casualty’s body
-​ Place Padding inbetween the the joint ; ankle and knee
-​ Place padding in the area for the knots
-​ 1st Bandage (ankle)
-​ Narrow fold place longer end at the injured side
-​ Figure 8 around the feet and ankles
-​ Tie reef knot on the opposite side of the injury
-​ Add padding if there are no shoes.
-​ 2nd Bandage (knee)
-​ Broad fold place longer end at the injured side
-​ Tie reef knot tightly on the opposite side of the injury,
-​ 3rd Bandage
-​ Placed 1 inch above the frature site
-​ Broad fold place longer end at the injured side
-​ Tie reef knot tightly on the opposite side of the injury,
-​ 4th Bandage
-​ Placed 1 inch below the frature site
-​ Broad fold place longer end at the injured side
-​ Tie reef knot tightly on the opposite side of the injury,
-​ Tuck in loose ends

Knee -​ Have Casualty lie down

-​ Elevate and pad the knee as comfortable as possible
-​ Wrap U shaped padding around the knee, can not wrap around
the limb to preserve circulation.
-​ Use simple spiral bandage technique
-​ Finish when most of the padding is covered.
Ankle -​ Have Casualty lie down
-​ Elevate the ankle as comfortable as possible
-​ Wrap U shaped padding around the ankle, can not wrap around
the limb to preserve circulation
-​ Use Herringbone bandaging technique
-​ Finish when most of the padding is covered